The random forests algorithm is a type of classifier with prominent universality, a wide application range, and robustness for avoiding overfitting. But there are still some drawbacks to random ...forests. Therefore, to improve the performance of random forests, this paper seeks to improve imbalanced data processing, feature selection and parameter optimization.
We propose the CURE-SMOTE algorithm for the imbalanced data classification problem. Experiments on imbalanced UCI data reveal that the combination of Clustering Using Representatives (CURE) enhances the original synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) algorithms effectively compared with the classification results on the original data using random sampling, Borderline-SMOTE1, safe-level SMOTE, C-SMOTE, and k-means-SMOTE. Additionally, the hybrid RF (random forests) algorithm has been proposed for feature selection and parameter optimization, which uses the minimum out of bag (OOB) data error as its objective function. Simulation results on binary and higher-dimensional data indicate that the proposed hybrid RF algorithms, hybrid genetic-random forests algorithm, hybrid particle swarm-random forests algorithm and hybrid fish swarm-random forests algorithm can achieve the minimum OOB error and show the best generalization ability.
The training set produced from the proposed CURE-SMOTE algorithm is closer to the original data distribution because it contains minimal noise. Thus, better classification results are produced from this feasible and effective algorithm. Moreover, the hybrid algorithm's F-value, G-mean, AUC and OOB scores demonstrate that they surpass the performance of the original RF algorithm. Hence, this hybrid algorithm provides a new way to perform feature selection and parameter optimization.
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (
) is one of the most abundant, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in normal tissues. This lncRNA is highly conserved among mammalian species, and ...based on in vitro results, has been reported to regulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing and gene expression. However,
knockout mice develop and grow normally, and do not show alterations in alternative splicing. While
was originally described as a prognostic marker of lung cancer metastasis, emerging evidence has linked this lncRNA to other cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, and leukemia. The role described for
is dependent on the cancer types and the experimental model systems. Notably, different or opposite phenotypes resulting from different strategies for inactivating
have been observed, which led to distinct models for
s functions and mechanisms of action in cancer and metastasis. In this review, we reflect on different experimental strategies used to study
s functions, and discuss the current mechanistic models of this highly abundant and conserved lncRNA.
Background and Aim
Immune‐mediated neuroinflammation has been proposed to underlie the loss of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) myenteric neurons in achalasia. However, the immune status and key ...pathogenic immune subpopulations remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the inflammatory status of patients with achalasia and their correlation with clinical characteristics, and further explore the key pathogenic subpopulations.
Methods
We investigated the complete blood cell count and inflammatory markers in a large population of patients with achalasia (n = 341) and healthy controls (n = 80). The subpopulations of lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was used to determine immune cell infiltration in the LES. Transcriptome changes of the key subpopulation were determined by RNA sequencing analysis.
Results
NLR, MLR, CRP, globulin, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were significantly elevated in patients with achalasia. MLR and globulin were positively correlated with disease duration. The absolute count and percentage of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and its infiltration around ganglion in the LES were significantly increased in achalasia. Transcriptome analysis indicated that CD8+ T cells were activated and proliferative. In addition to multiple inflammatory pathways, regulation of neuroinflammatory response pathway was also significantly up‐regulated in achalasia. GSEA analysis revealed a close association with autoimmune diseases.
Conclusions
Patients with achalasia suffered from chronic low‐grade inflammation with dysregulated immune cells and mediators associated with disease duration. CD8+ T cells might be the key pathogenic subpopulation of achalasia. Our results provide an important immune cell signature of the pathogenesis of achalasia.
According to the feed-in tariff for encouraging local consumption of photovoltaic (PV) energy, the energy sharing among neighboring PV prosumers in the microgrid could be more economical than the ...independent operation of prosumers. For microgrids of peer-to-peer PV prosumers, an energy-sharing model with price-based demand response is proposed. First, a dynamical internal pricing model is formulated for the operation of energy-sharing zone, which is defined based on the supply and demand ratio (SDR) of shared PV energy. Moreover, considering the energy consumption flexibility of prosumers, an equivalent cost model is designed in terms of economic cost and users' willingness. As the internal prices are coupled with SDR in the microgrid, the algorithm and implementation method for solving the model is designed on a distributed iterative way. Finally, through a practical case study, the effectiveness of the method is verified in terms of saving PV prosumers' costs and improving the sharing of the PV energy.
The mechanical responses of two novel kinds of two-dimensional (2D) mechanical metamaterials containing opposite or parallel snapping curved (U-shaped) segments with elastic snap-through instability ...mechanism are systematically investigated. Under uniaxial loading, the metamaterials undergo a large deformation caused by stiffness mismatch between snapping (buckling instabilities) and supporting (relative stiffer/thicker) components, exhibiting very small transverse deformation after every snapping. Based on the multi-stable mechanism, phase transformation/shape-reconfiguration and zero Poisson’s ratio are achieved up to large morphological change. Nonlinear mechanical responses including self-recovering snapping and multi-stability enabling snapping behaviors can be generated by tuning the geometric parameters (the relative thickness of the snapping and supporting segments as well as the amplitude of the snapping curved segments). Then topology analysis is carried out to develop the 2D structures to a series of 3D hierarchical configurations from which can be chosen for various engineering conditions with enhanced snapping mechanism. Specifically, multi-stable/shape-reconfigurable tubes and cylinders are designed using the 3D configurations. Besides, one of the 3D metamaterials is developed for functional applications as shock absorber and damper, i.e., the process from fully stretched state to fully compacted state is used to absorb energy and reduce incoming pressure with small stiffness and strength; then the fully compacted metamaterials are used to carry load and attenuate vibration with relative bigger stiffness and strength. This work gives advance to the design, analysis and manufacture of functionally reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials.
A new class of supramolecular metallacycles capable of undergoing photochemical reactions and in situ release of cyclobutanes in solution is described. The molecular metallacycles were generated ...through coordination‐driven self‐assembly of dinuclear metal‐carbene complexes as organometallic clips with olefin‐functionalized bridging ligands. Photolysis of these molecular metallacycles in situ led to structural interconversion and release of the formed cyclobutane products with quantitative conversion. Further modifications of the obtained cyclobutanes provided a series of new species containing the cyclobutane skeleton.
Catch and release: Photolysis of the pictured molecular metallacycles in situ leads to quantitative cycloaddition and release of the stereoselectively formed cyclobutane products. The pendant groups on the products include pyridyl, imidazole, benzimidazoles, and carboxylic derivatives.
Ninety percent of cancer-related mortality is caused by metastasis. Current cancer treatments can control many primary tumors but rarely stop the metastatic spread. Accumulating evidence demonstrates ...that miRNAs are involved in cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, several miRNAs have been found to regulate metastasis. In particular, recent studies provide the first functional evidence that overexpression of a specific miRNA, miR-10b, can contribute to the development of metastasis, which can be exploited therapeutically in treating breast cancer metastasis in mice. Further in-depth analysis should provide more precise evaluation of the roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic utility of this miRNA in breast cancer.
Photoassisted electrochemical reaction is regarded as an effective approach to reduce the overpotential of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. However, the achievement of both broadband absorption and ...long term battery cycling stability are still a formidable challenge. Herein, an oxygen vacancy‐mediated fast kinetics for a photoassisted Li–O2 system is developed with a silver/bismuth molybdate (Ag/Bi2MoO6) hybrid cathode. The cathode can offer both double advantages for light absorption covering UV to visible region and excellent electrochemical activity for O2. Upon discharging, the photoexcited electrons from Ag nanoplate based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are injected into the oxygen vacancy in Bi2MoO6. The fast oxygen reaction kinetics generate the amorphous Li2O2, and the discharge plateau is improved to 3.05 V. Upon charging, the photoexcited holes are capable to decompose amorphous Li2O2 promptly, yielding a very low charge plateau of 3.25 V. A first cycle round‐trip efficiency is 93.8% and retention of 70% over 500 h, which is the longest cycle life ever reported in photoassisted Li–O2 batteries. This work offers a general and reliable strategy for boosting the electrochemical kinetics by tailoring the crystalline of Li2O2 with wide‐band light.
A facile oxygen vacancy‐mediated fast kinetics for an ultrawide band photoassisted Li–O2 system is developed. The bifunctional Ag/Bi2MoO6 cathode is favorable to promoting the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction kinetics due to the discharge products is amorphous Li2O2. The reaction mechanism is revealed by in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
A Molecular “A‐Type” Tangled Metallocube Ma, Li‐Li; Li, Yang; Li, Xin ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
August 26, 2022, Letnik:
61, Številka:
35
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Tangled cubes feature the topology of typical Platonic cubes, with their “faces” traversed by edges in different ways. This study generates an “A‐type” tangled metallocube from the reaction of ...binuclear gold‐NHC complex and H2S. The tangled cube topology was validated by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high‐resolution electrospray‐ionization (HR‐ESI) mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. This study offers a simple and effective approach to designing and fabricating new, topologically unique molecular structures.
A molecular “A‐type” tangled metallocube has been generated by the reaction of a binuclear gold‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex and H2S. The tangled cube topology with 8 (μ3‐S)Au3+ units and 12 bis‐NHC ligands was validated by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
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