Photo‐controllable persistent luminescence at the single crystal level can be achieved by the integration of long‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and photochromism within metal–organic ...frameworks (MOFs) for the first time. Moreover, the multiblock core–shell heterojunctions have been prepared utilizing the isostructural MOFs through an epitaxial growth process, in which the shell exhibits bright yellow afterglow emission that gradually disappears upon further irradiation, but the core does not show such property. Benefitting from combined persistent luminescence and photochromic behavior, a multiple encryption demo can be facilely designed based on the dynamic manipulating RTP via reversible photochromism. This work not only develops new types of dynamically photo‐controllable afterglow switch, but also provides a method to obtain MOFs‐based optical heterojunctions towards potential space/time‐resolved information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Multiblock core–shell MOFs heterojunctions were prepared through an epitaxial growth process, in which the shell exhibits both persistent luminescence and photochromic properties. The bright yellow afterglow in MOFs shell can be detected before irradiation but almost disappears after coloration upon continuous UV irradiation.
The optical anti‐counterfeiting science and technology are currently restricted by the limited information loading capacity, and thus development of multi‐level and high‐security systems is urgently ...needed but still challenging. Herein, anti‐counterfeiting design strategies (including ASCII/5D codes and dynamic information storage) are reported by incorporation of abundant multi‐central luminescence and time‐resolved, excitation‐dependent ultralong phosphorescence. Self‐assembly of new single‐component 0D organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) are facilely achieved, which exhibit divisible ultralong all‐phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and single‐molecule white‐light emission, as proved by experiments and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, combing advantages of both inorganic cluster and π‐conjugation in OIMHs, the time‐dependent afterglow affords color‐variable emission in a wide wavelength range larger than 100 nm, providing extra color‐time dimensions for information encryption compared to traditional single‐color fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting. Moreover, white light‐emitting diode device is further developed to show high lighting ability for the single‐component OIMH. Therefore, this study paves an effective way to fabricate cluster‐based single‐component hybrids by equipping different emitters to confer diverse photoluminescence manners and satisfy down‐to‐earth application requirements.
This study provides a new strategy to the design of high‐performance molecular afterglow by merging clusteroluminogens and tunable π‐conjugated structures into the single‐component 0D organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs). The OIMHs serve as advanced single‐molecule white‐light emission and information security materials for high‐efficiency white‐light‐emitting diode dynamic information storage and high‐level anti‐counterfeiting applications.
A generalized nonlinear Schrödinger system is investigated, which can be used to describe the optical pulse propagation in inhomogeneous optical fibers with the fourth- and third-order dispersions ...operators. The Darboux transformation method is extended to construct a mixed breather and rogue wave solution for the system. The interaction behaviors between the breather and rogue wave are studied. As a novel result, the energy transition between the breather and rogue wave is observed. Furthermore, the impacts of the different operators on the mixed solution are analyzed.
Antinuclei in heavy-ion collisions Chen, Jinhui; Keane, Declan; Ma, Yu-Gang ...
Physics reports,
10/2018, Letnik:
760, Številka:
C
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We review progress in the study of antinuclei, starting from Dirac’s equation and the discovery of the positron in cosmic-ray events. The development of proton accelerators led to the discovery of ...antiprotons, followed by the first antideuterons, demonstrating that antinucleons bind into antinuclei. With the development of heavy-ion programs at the Brookhaven AGS and CERN SPS, it was demonstrated that central collisions of heavy nuclei offer a fertile ground for research and discoveries in the area of antinuclei. In this review, we emphasize recent observations at Brookhaven’s Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider, namely, the antihypertriton and the antihelium-4, as well as measurements of the mass difference between light nuclei and antinuclei, and the interaction between antiprotons. Physics implications of the new observations and different production mechanisms are discussed. We also consider implications for related fields, such as hypernuclear physics and space-based cosmic-ray experiments.
Microbe‐mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. ...The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe‐mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe‐mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
Different types of biomineralization, including calcification, silicification, iron, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus mineralization, which are mediated by algae, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, are summarized. The mechanisms of extracellular and intracellular microbe‐mediated mineralization, as well as their environmental, industrial, and biotechnological applications are discussed in depth.
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have been widely used in many applications such as phototherapy, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. A better understanding of how ...nanoparticles interact with bio‐system (especially cells) is of great importance for their potential biomedical applications. In this review, the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational investigations is presented on the nanoparticle‐biomembrane interactions in cellular delivery. In particular, the determining parameters (including the properties of nanoparticles, cell membranes and environments) that govern the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (direct penetration and endocytosis) are discussed. Further, some special attention is paid to their interactions beyond the translocation of nanoparticles across membranes (e.g., nanoparticles escaping from endosome and entering into nucleus). Finally, a summary is given, and the challenging problems of this field in the future are identified.
Nanoparticles have recently been widely used as drug delivery carriers. This review summarizes the recent progresses on the theoretical and computational investigations of nanoparticle‐biomembrane interactions in cellular delivery. The factors that govern cellular uptake of nanoparticles are discussed in detail, and their interactions in intracellular trafficking are also illustrated. Finally, the challenging problems of this field in the future are given.
MicroRNA (miR)-155 is a critical player in both innate and adaptive immune responses. It can influence CD4(+) T cell lineage choice. To clarify the role of miR-155 in CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T ...(Treg)/T helper (Th)17 cell differentiation and function, as well as the mechanism involved, we performed gain-and loss-of-function analysis by transfection pre-miR-155 and anti-miR-155 into purified CD4(+) T cells. The results showed that miR-155 positively regulated both Treg and Th17 cell differentiation. It also induced the release of interleukin (IL)-17A by Th17 cells, but not the release of IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by Treg cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-155 reacted through regulating Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) rather than TGF-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) signaling pathway in the process of Treg and Th17 cells differentiation. This may because suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1, the important negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, was the direct target of miR-155 in this process, but SMAD2 and SMAD5 were not. Therefore, we demonstrated that miR-155 enhanced Treg and Th17 cells differentiation and IL-17A production by targeting SOCS1.
Uncovering differences between crystalline and amorphous states in molecular solids would both promote the understanding of their structure–property relationships, as well as inform development of ...multi‐functional materials based on the same compound. Herein, for the first time, we report an approach to leverage crystalline and amorphous states of a zero‐dimensional metal‐organic complex, which exhibited negative and positive photochromism, due to the competitive chemical routes between photocycloaddition and photogenerated radicals. Furthermore, different polymorphs lead to the on/off toggling of photo‐burst movement (photosalient effect), indicating the controllable light‐mechanical conversion. Three demos were further constructed to support their application in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. This work provides the proof‐of‐concept of a state‐ and polymorph‐dependent photochemical route, paving an effective way for the design of new dynamically responsive systems.
An approach to leverage crystalline and amorphous states of a zero‐dimensional metal‐organic complex in order to tune negative and positive photochromism was proposed, which could be assigned to the competitive chemical routes between photocycloaddition and photogenerated radicals. Furthermore, both polymorphs exhibit mechanochromic photoemission, and lead to the on/off toggling of the light‐driven motion of bulky molecular crystals.
The general idea of information entropy provided by C.E. Shannon “hangs over everything we do” and can be applied to a great variety of problems once the connection between a distribution and the ...quantities of interest is found. The Shannon information entropy essentially quantify the information of a quantity with its specific distribution, for which the information entropy based methods have been deeply developed in many scientific areas including physics. The dynamical properties of heavy-ion collisions (HICs) process make it difficult and complex to study the nuclear matter and its evolution, for which Shannon information entropy theory can provide new methods and observables to understand the physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. To better understand the processes of HICs, the main characteristics of typical models, including the quantum molecular dynamics models, thermodynamics models, and statistical models, etc., are briefly introduced. The typical applications of Shannon information theory in HICs are collected, which cover the chaotic behavior in branching process of hadron collisions, the liquid–gas phase transition in HICs, and the isobaric difference scaling phenomenon for intermediate mass fragments produced in HICs of neutron-rich systems. Even though the present applications in heavy-ion collision physics are still relatively simple, it would shed light on key questions we are seeking for. It is suggested to further develop the information entropy methods in nuclear reactions models, as well as to develop new analysis methods to study the properties of nuclear matters in HICs, especially the evolution of dynamics system.
Control over the protein corona of nanomaterials allows them to function better. Here, by taking graphene/gold as examples, we comprehensively assessed the association of surface properties with the ...protein corona. As revealed by in vitro measurements and computations, the interaction between graphene/gold and HSA/IgE was inversely correlated with the hydroxyl group availability, whereas the interaction between that and ApoE was comparatively less relevant. Molecular simulations revealed that the number and the distribution of surface hydroxyl groups could regulate the manner in which nanomaterials interact with proteins. Moreover, we validated that ApoE pre-adsorption before injection enhances the blood circulation of nanomaterials relative to their pristine and IgE-coated counterparts. This benefit can be attributed to the invulnerability of the complementary system provided by ApoE, whose encasement does not increase cytotoxicity. Overall, this study offers a robust yet simple way to create protein corona enriched in dysopsonins to realize better delivery efficacy.
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