Phylogenetic relationships of Passiflora subgenus Decaloba were examined using 148 taxa and four molecular markers: nuclear nrITS, ncpGS, cp trnL-F, and ndhF. Relationships of subgenus Decaloba to ...the other four Passiflora subgenera (Astrophea, Deidamioides, Tetrapathea, and Passiflora) are investigated, as are relationships among the eight supersections within subgenus Decaloba. Results indicate that subgenus Deidamioides is not monophyletic. Subgenus Astrophea + subgenus Deidamioides (section Tryphostemmatoides) together form the most basally branching lineage in the genus, followed by a clade comprised of subgenus Passiflora + subgenus Deidamioides (sections Tetrastylis, Polyanthea, and Deidamioides). Passiflora obovata (subgenus Deidamioides section Mayapathanthus) is resolved as part of subgenus Decaloba. The Old World subgenus Tetrapathea is supported as sister to subgenus Decaloba. Subgenus Decaloba is monophyletic and contains seven major lineages that generally correspond to currently recognized supersections. Within subgenus Decaloba, supersection Pterosperma is most basally branching, followed by supersection Hahniopathanthus + P. obovata. The New World species Passiflora multiflora, the type of supersection Multiflora, is resolved as sister to a monophyletic Old World supersection Disemma. The remainder of the former supersection Multiflora is paraphyletic with respect to supersection Auriculata. Supersections Cieca, Bryonioides, and Decaloba are monophyletic. Within supersection Decaloba, two main clades are resolved: 1) section Xerogona + section Decaloba pro parte and 2) the remainder of section Decaloba. The molecular phylogeny supports a New World origin for Passiflora, with two independent radiations to the Old World. Morphological synapomorphies are discussed for the major clades, documenting a pattern of remarkable evolutionary lability in several notable characters.
A new species of Passiflora (P. subg. Decaloba) from Colombia in the Andean region is described and illustrated in this article, using and analysis of 81 morphological descriptors. Passiflora ...quimbayensis is named in honor to the Pre-Columbian Quimbaya civilization which once lived in the region where the species was discovered. Its closest relative is P. magdalenae, and can be distinguished from it by its peduncle (40–55 mm), sepal (12–15 mm), and androgynophore (5–6.5 mm) lengths, by the number of laminar ocellate-nectaries (6–9, mean 7.5), biseriate corona filaments, globose ovary, and by growing under different ecological conditions (1072 to 1249 m a. s. l.). It is a new endemic species to Colombia and must be regarded as endangered because of its limited occurrence.
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•First well-resolved phylogeny at the species level in a large clade of Passiflora.•First biogeographic study for a widespread, Neotropical Passiflora group.•Used samples from ...herbarium specimens and successfully genotyped them using 2b-RAD sequencing.•Section Decaloba originated in Central America and then dispersed South and East.•We investigated species monophyly by including several accessions per species.
Because of their extraordinary flower and leaf morphology, passion flowers (Passifloraceae) have fascinated naturalists since their discovery. Within the large, diverse (600 species) genus Passiflora is an especially enigmatic and species-rich (120 spp.) subclade, Section Decaloba, which occurs in the Neotropics and has its center of diversity in Andean montane forests. A recent phylogenetic study of Passifloraceae showed that Section Decaloba was monophyletic, but was unable to resolve relationships within the clade, thus preventing inferences of evolutionary history and biogeography. The goal of this study was to elucidate the phylogeny and biogeography of Section Decaloba. We sampled 206 accessions representing 91 of the ~ 120 known species in section Decaloba and four outgroups, with samples derived predominantly from herbarium specimens. We generated DNA sequences using a high-throughput DNA sequencing technique called 2b-RAD, reconstructed the phylogeny, and conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the biogeographic history of the group. We recovered predominantly well-supported trees in which species were grouped into two main clades: 1) the Central American clade, within which the majority of nodes well supported and species were monophyletic and 2) the South American clade, a large clade that showed overall lower resolution and included several polyphyletic species and species complexes that need additional research. RASP analysis showed that section Decaloba originated in Central America around 10.4 Ma, and then dispersed to South America, the Greater Antilles, and the Bahamas. The South American clade diversified in the Northern Andes and then dispersed to the rest of South America, and Lesser Antilles. Results suggest that both long-distance dispersal and colonization of newly available habitats (i.e., in the Andes) likely promoted diversification of this clade. This study also illustrates how using herbarium specimens and a RAD-seq approach can produce phylogenies for broadly distributed, highly diverse, and poorly accessible groups of plants where field collections would be unfeasible.
In subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. of Passiflora L., the section Xerogona (Raf.) Killip (Passifloraceae) is a group of herbaceous vines found in subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas. ...Primarily distributed in Central America, with a few also found in the West Indies and South America, the species of Passiflora sect. Xerogona are recognized by their unusual dehiscent capsular fruit, the absence of bracts and laminar nectaries, and their transversely grooved seeds. Passiflora tenella Killip is the only species included in Passiflora sect. Xerogona with a fruit that does not appear to be a capsule, but the shape of the leaves and the absence of floral bracts and laminar nectaries suggest affiliation with this section. Fifteen species, including two subspecies, are recognized within Passiflora sect. Xerogona. Passiflora cobanensis Killip is distinguished as two subspecies, P. cobanensis subsp. cobanensis and P. cobanensis subsp. brevipes (Killip) T. Boza, with the latter subspecies transferred from P. brevipes Killip. From previous species circumscriptions, this section contains two problematic species complexes for P. capsularis L. and P. rubra L. The morphological variation between and within these two species complexes was examined in this study, using Principal Component Analysis and correlation matrices of morphological characters, and this variation was studied throughout their distributional ranges. Passiflora capsularis is recognized as a single variable species. Two species are recognized within the P. rubra complex, based primarily on floral characters, as P. cisnana Harms and P. rubra. Passiflora cisnana is lectotypified.
En el subgénero Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. de Passiflora L., la sección Xerogona (Raf). Killip (Passifloraceae) es un grupo de lianas herbáceas encontradas en regiones subtropicales y tropicales de las Américas. Principalmente distribuido en Centroamérica, también se puede encontrar algunas en las Antillas y Sudamérica, las especies de Passiflora secc. Xerogona son reconocidas por su inusual fruto capsular dehiscente, la ausencia de brácteas y nectarios laminares y sus semillas transversalmente acanaladas. Passiflora tenella Killip es la única especie incluida en Passiflora secc. Xerogona con una fruta que no parece ser una cápsula, pero la forma de las hojas y la ausencia de brácteas florales y nectarios laminares sugieren la afiliación con esta sección. Quince especies, incluyendo dos subespecies, se reconocen dentro de Passiflora secc. Xerogona. Passiflora cobanensis Killip se distingue como dos subespecies, P. cobanensis subsp. cobanensis y P. cobanensis subsp. brevipes (Killip) T. Boza, con la última subespecie transferida de P. brevipes Killip. De circunscripciones anteriores de especies, esta sección contiene dos complejos problemáticos de especies para P. capsularis L. y P. rubra L. La variación morfológica entre y dentro de estas dos especies complejas se examinó en este estudio, usando el Análisis de Componentes Principales y basado en la correlación de matrices de caracteres morfológicos, y esta variación se estudió a lo largo de todos sus rangos distribucionales. Passiflora capsularis se reconoce como una sola especie variable. Dos especies se reconocen dentro del complejo P. rubra, basado principalmente en caracteres florales, como P. cisnana Harms y P. rubra Passiflora cisnana es lectotipificada.
Passiflora munchiquensis A. Hernández, una nueva especie de Passiflora L. subg. Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., supersección Auriculata J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae), se describe de los ...departamentos del Cauca y Valle y es solamente conocida de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Las especies más cercanas son P. apoda Harms, P. sodiroi Harms, P. ursina Killip & Cuatrec. y P. monadelpha P. Jørg. & Holm.-Niels.
Two new species of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) endemic to eastern Mexico are described and illustrated and placed in subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., supersection Decaloba in a clade distinguished ...by no laminar nectaries. Passiflora dictamo DC. is a synonym of P. biflora Lam., and the rare diminutive species previously assigned to P. dictamo in Killip's monograph is described as P. lauana J. M. MacDougal. A second species, P. complanata J. M. MacDougal, is described and placed in the P. sexflora Juss. species group, where it is notable for its clusters of large flowers to 4 cm diam., flattened stems, and unusual 1/2 phyllotaxy. From Mexico we now recognize 75 native species of passionflowers.
Passiflora munchiquensis A. Hernández, una nueva especie de Passiflora L. subg. Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., supersección Auriculata J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae), se describe de los ...departamentos del Cauca y Valle y es solamente conocida de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Las especies más cercanas son P. apoda Harms, P. sodiroi Harms, P. ursina Killip & Cuatrec. y P. monadelpha P. Jørg. & Holm.-Niels. Passiflora munchiquensis A. Hernández, is a new species of Passiflora L. subg. Decaloba (DC.) Rchb., supersection Auriculata J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae) described from the departments of Cauca and Valle and known only from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. The most closely related species are P. apoda Harms, P. sodiroi Harms, P. ursina Killip & Cuatrec., and P. monadelpha P. Jørg. & Holm.-Niels.
The vexing literary relationship between Kurt Sprengel and Friedrich Dietrich appears to have led to some of Dietrich's work being willfully disregarded and subsequently ...forgotten/extinguished/suppressed. Examination of Dietrich's oeuvre leads to the rehabilitation of fifteen of his new combinations, making securer by up to 175 years, some names in current use for largely New World plants. To take into account Dietrich's work as a whole, four new combinations and three nomina nova are proposed with the help of authorities in the germane plant groups: Caamembeca andina (A.W. Benn.) J.F.B. Pastore & Mabb. (Bolivia), Callicarpa ekmanii I.E. Méndez & Mabb. (Cuba), Clematis wangiana Mabb., (Madagascar), Coleataenia pulchra (F. Dietr.) Mabb. & LeBlond (USA), Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb. (USA), Piper samainianum Mabb. (Peru), Rostellularia vahliana (Schult.) Mabb. (south Asia), for which a lectotype is designated, with other adjustments of names in Besleria (B. formosa now B. amabilis, tropical America), Oxalis (O. eckloniana now O. biloba, South Africa), Passiflora (P. arborea now P. magnoliifolia, Colombia), Ribes (R. ruizii now R. sylvestre, Chile), and possibly Tocoyena (South America), while further work on Lupinus is called for.
La irritante relación literaria entre Kurt Sprengel y Friedrich Dietrich parece haber llevado a que algunos de los trabajos de Dietrich sean ignorados y posteriormente olvidados/extinguidos/suprimidos. El estudio de la obra de Dietrich lleva a la rehabilitación de quince de sus nuevas combinaciones, haciendo más seguros por hasta 175 años, algunos nombres en uso actual para plantas en su mayoría del Nuevo Mundo. Para tener en cuenta el trabajo de Dietrich en su conjunto, se proponen cuatro nuevas combinaciones y tres nomina nova con la ayuda de las autoridades de los grupos de plantas relacionadas: Caamembeca andina (A.W. Benn.) J.F.B. Pastore & Mabb. (Bolivia), Callicarpa ekmanii I.E. Méndez & Mabb. (Cuba), Clematis wangiana Mabb., (Madagascar), Coleataenia pulchra (F. Dietr.) Mabb. & LeBlond (EE. UU.), Packera dubia (Spreng.) Trock & Mabb. (EE. UU.), Piper samainianum Mabb. (Perú), Rostellularia vahliana (Schult.) Mabb. (Asia meridional) para el cual se designa un lectotipo, con otros ajustes de nombres en Besleria (B. formosa ahora B. amabilis, América tropical), Oxalis (O. eckloniana ahora O. biloba, Sudáfrica), Passiflora (P. arborea ahora P. magnoliifolia, Colombia), Ribes (R. ruizii ahora R. sylvestre, Chile) y posiblemente Tocoyena (América del Sur), mientras que se requiere más trabajo sobre Lupinus.
Passiflora boenderi, a new species of Passifloraceae endemic to Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. It is assigned to section Decaloba DC. in the species group that includes P. gilbertiana J. ...M. MacDougal and P. ornithoura Masters. This rare small-flowered species is notable for its intensely colorful and variegated leaves, with rows of conspicuous golden egg mimics.
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