Guselkumab for the Treatment of Psoriasis Machado, Álvaro; Torres, Tiago
BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals, and gene therapy,
04/2018, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease with systemic involvement and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Several biologic treatments have been ...developed in recent decades, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors, a non-selective interleukin (IL)-23 inhibitor (ustekinumab, which also inhibits IL-12), and-most recently-IL-17 inhibitors. Guselkumab is a novel biological therapy that selectively targets IL-23 and is the first-in-class selective IL-23 inhibitor approved to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. These inhibitors are expected to have some advantages over the highly effective IL-17 inhibitors, as they do not worsen inflammatory bowel disease and are not involved in the development of candida infections. Additionally, selective inhibition of IL-23 may have additional benefits over ustekinumab as the IL-12-dependent cascades remain functional. These benefits include a decrease in IL-17A-producing T cells in the skin and the promotion of an anti-inflammatory effect through production of interferon-γ and IL-10. In terms of efficacy, guselkumab showed promising results in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, although it did not show significant clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Studies in other inflammatory diseases and Crohn's disease are expected to begin soon. Overall, guselkumab was well tolerated; the most common adverse event was nasopharyngitis. Head-to-head studies comparing IL-23 inhibitors with agents in different classes, namely IL-17 inhibitors, will be crucial to establish the true role of these agents in psoriasis treatment.
A main implication of cumulative fatigue is the muscle damage that impairs neuromuscular function and training adaptations. These negative effects may limit performance when athletes exercise in ...consecutive days. In this regard, antioxidant supplementation has gain popularity among athletes. Green tea supplementation has been advocated as a strategy to improve exercise recovery due to the activity of its catechins with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Here we performed a triple blinded placebo control experiment to determine the effect of green tea extract (GTE) from
on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and neuromuscular activity in athletes submitted to consecutive sessions of exercise and fatigue. Sixteen trained amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to a GTE supplemented (500 mg/day) or placebo group during 15 days. Effects of supplementation were tested during repeated trials of submaximal cycling at 60% of peak power output performed after a protocol for cumulative fatigue of knee extensors. Muscle damage and oxidative stress showed lower magnitudes in response to fatigue after GTE supplementation. Placebo group showed impaired neuromuscular activity and higher muscle damage and oxidative stress compared to the GTE group during the cycling trials under fatigue. In summary, GTE supplementation showed positive effects on neuromuscular function in response to a condition of cumulative fatigue. It suggests GTE supplementation may have potential to serve as a strategy to improve performance and recovery in conditions of cumulative exercise.
Infrared thermography (IRT) has been gaining in popularity in clinical and scientific research due to the increasing availability of affordable infrared cameras. This study aims to determine the ...similarity of measurement performance between three models of IRT camera during assessment of skin temperature before and after physical exercise. Three models of FLIR thermographic cameras (E60bx, Flir-One Pro LT, and C2) were tested. Thermal images were taken of the foot sole, anterior leg, and anterior thigh from 12 well-trained men, before and after a 30-min run on a treadmill. Image files were blinded and processed by three evaluators to extract the mean, maximum, and standard deviation of skin temperature of the region of interest. Time for data processing and rate of perceived effort was also recorded. Data processing was slower on the E60bx (CI95% E60 vs C2 0.2, 2.6 min, p = 0.02 and ES = 0.6); vs. Flir-One 0.0, 3.4 min, p = 0.03 and ES = 0.6) and was associated with lower effort perception (E60 3.0 ± 0.1 vs. Flir-One 5.6 ± 0.2 vs C2 7.0 ± 0.2 points; p < 0.001 and ES > 0.8). The C2 and Flir-One cameras underestimated the temperature compared with the E60. In general, measuring mean temperature provided higher camera and examiner intra-class correlations than maximum and standard deviation, especially before exercise. Moreover, post exercise mean skin temperatures provided the most consistent values across cameras and evaluators. We recommend the use of mean temperature and caution when using more than one camera model in a study.
•Skin temperature measurements vary between different thermal imaging camera types.•The higher resolution camera takes more time for data analysis.•The higher resolution camera results in lower perceived exertion for data analysis.•Better agreement between cameras for mean skin temperature parameter.
Increasing number of yellowish papules on the face Machado, Álvaro; Machado, Susana; Selores, Manuela
Journal of paediatrics and child health,
March 2020, 2020-Mar, 2020-03-00, 20200301, Letnik:
56, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Different supports for hydration can influence total body mass and affect running biomechanics.
Do different hydration supports affect the perceived exertion and comfort, stride kinematics, and ...impact accelerations during running?
This was a crossover study design. Thirteen trail runners completed a treadmill running test divided into four different durations and randomized hydration supports conditions, lasting 8 min each at moderate intensity: A) waist bag (0.84 kg); B) medium load backpack (0.84 kg); C) full load backpack (3.40 kg); and D) a control condition without water support. Impact accelerations were measured for 30 s in 4, 6, and 8 min. The rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were registered on minutes 4 and 8. At the last minute of each condition, comfort perception was registered
No condition affected the stride kinematics. Full load backpack condition reduced head acceleration peak (−0.21 g; p = 0.04; ES=0.4) and head acceleration magnitude (−0.23 g; p = 0.03; ES=0.4), and increased shock attenuation (3.08 g; p = 0.04; ES=0.3). It also elicited higher perceived exertion (p < 0.05; ES>0.8) being considered heavier (p < 0.01; ES > 1.1). The waist bag condition was more comfortable in terms of noise (p = 0.006; ES=1.3) and humidity/heat (p = 0.001; ES=0.8). The waist bag was the most comfortable support. On the other hand, the full backpack elicited lower comfort and was the only generating compensatory adjustments. These results may help to improve design of full load backpack aiming at comfort for runners.
•Full load backpack reduces the head's impact acceleration during running.•Full load backpack leads to higher effort perception and lower comfort.•Waist bag showed a comfort advantage in terms of noise and humidity/heat.•Heart rate did not differ between the different hydration supports during running.
The application of surface electromyography (sEMG) in neurology is sometimes limited by a scientific background in the use of sEMG. Students frequently use sEMG only when developing their graduate ...studies. To reduce these barriers, we promoted a free Winter School on sEMG to Latin American students. The school was a 3-day event with theoretical classes and computer programming in Matlab. Lectures were delivered in Portuguese and Spanish to 50 participants. All lectures were recorded and made available on YouTube®. After the School, participants completed a written exam to receive a certificate. The written exam revealed the average effectiveness of 71 ± 20% in the comprehension of topics addressed during the school. Participants rated the School as “excellent” and considered the event as having changed their thoughts about the use of sEMG. Limited mathematical skills or background were the main barriers identified to follow the lectures and to make use of sEMG. We conclude that the Winter School had a positive impact on participant's formation, especially by showing them the importance of continuous involvement with the concepts related to sEMG to become proficient in its use. From the participant's point of view, the activity was excellent and the follow up of the school on YouTube® suggests that combining face-to-face activities followed by the online availability of lectures is a valid strategy to reinforce the learning process and to reduce barriers in the use of sEMG. Whether similar results would be achieved for a paid registration event in an economically developing region, still requires further investigation.
Highlights • Plantar pressure and foot sensitivity were compared between young adults and elderly. • Pattern of foot sensitivity is different between young adults and elderly. • Pattern of plantar ...pressure differs between young adults and elderly. • During standing the elderly increase plantar pressure towards midfoot and forefoot.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis is characterized by a strong Th1 response that leads to skin lesion development. In areas where L. braziliensis transmission is endemic, ...up to 15% of healthy subjects have tested positive for delayed-type hypersensitivity to soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) and are considered to have subclinical (SC) infection. SC subjects produce less gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) than do CL patients, but they are able to control the infection. The aim of this study was to characterized the role of CD8(+) T cells in SC infection and in CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with SLA to determine the frequencies of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) T cells. Monocytes from PBMC were infected with L. braziliensis and cocultured with CD8(+) T cells, and the frequencies of infected monocytes and levels of cytotoxicity markers, target cell apoptosis, and granzyme B were determined. The frequency of CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells after SLA stimulation was higher for SC individuals than for CL patients. The frequency of infected monocytes in SC cells was lower than that in CL cells. CL CD8(+) T cells induced more apoptosis of infected monocytes than did SC CD8(+) T cells. Granzyme B production in CD8(+) T cells was higher in CL than in SC cells. While the use of a granzyme B inhibitor decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the CL group, the use of z-VAD-FMK had no effect on the frequency of these cells. These results suggest that CL CD8(+) T cells are more cytotoxic and may be involved in pathology.
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