Celkově můžeme o PSSI říci, že se nejedná pouze o výzkumný nástroj a má svůj potenciál pro použití v diagnostice, zejména v oblasti terapie, kde výsledky z PSSI mohou sloužit např. jako otevírací ...téma k terapeutickému rozhovoru. Individuální diagnostika by však měla být prováděna expertním uživatelem za pečlivě kontrolovaných podmínek, který současně rozumí teorii PSI a dokáže PSSI začlenit do kontextu dalších metod.
Contamination of Pansky Pond, in March 2013, with 119 mg/l aluminium, and 87 mg/l iron by acidic (pH 3.17) inflow from a nearby quarry caused fish die-off, while exhibiting symptoms of suffocation. ...Transformation of soluble forms of aluminium and iron into insoluble forms occurred on fish gill where the content of aluminium and iron was 100-fold and 12-fold, respectively, that found in control fish in an unaffected pond. In addition to insoluble aluminium and iron, gills showed presence of iron bacteria. Histopathology was characterised by expression of reactive processes and regressive alterations resulting in gill tissue necrosis. Impairment of the excretory function of gills was reflected in significantly (P < 0.01) higher concentrations of ammonia in the blood plasma of exposed fish compared to the control. Damage to parenchymatous tissues (kidney, liver, spleen) of the exposed fish was manifested as dystrophic alterations, higher aluminium and iron content, and enhanced activity of transaminases in blood plasma compared to the control.
Recently, residual pharmaceuticals are generally recognized as relevant sources of aquatic environmental pollutants. However, the toxicological effects of these contaminants have not been adequately ...researched. In this study, the chronic toxic effect of carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in surface and ground water, on hepatic antioxidant status and hematological parameters of rainbow trout were investigated. Fish were exposed at sublethal concentrations of CBZ (1.0
μg/l, 0.2
mg/l and 2.0
mg/l) for 7, 21 and 42 days. Compared to the control group, fish exposed at higher concentration (0.2
mg/l or 2.0
mg/l) of CBZ showed significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, ammonia and glucose, and significantly higher plasma enzymes activities. During the exposure duration, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, mean erythrocyte volume, mean color concentration and total protein content in all groups were not significantly different. At the highest test concentration (2.0
mg/l) of CBZ, oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels in liver after 42 days exposure, associated with an inability to induce antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. After 42 days exposure, reduced glutathione level was significantly decreased in the fish exposed at 0.2
mg/l CBZ, compared with the control. In short, CBZ-induced physiological and biochemical responses in fish were reflected in the oxidant stress indices and hematological parameters. These results suggest that hepatic antioxidant responses and hematological parameter could be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals present in aquatic environment.
Awareness of residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment is growing as investigations into these pollutants are increasing and analytical detection techniques are ...improving. However, the toxicological effects of PhACs have not been adequately researched. In this study, the toxic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant drug commonly present in surface and groundwater, was studied in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, by acute semi-static bioassay. Bood parameters, liver xenobiotic-metabolizing response and tissue antioxidant status were evaluated. Compared to the control group, fish exposed to CBZ (96h LC50) showed significantly higher Er, Hb, MCHC, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and plasma enzymes activity, and significantly lower MCV and lymphocytes. CF and HSI were not significantly different among groups such as hepatic EROD. SOD, CAT, GPx and GR activity was significantly higher in liver of experimental groups, but decreased significantly in brain and gill. In general, antioxidant enzyme activity in intestine and muscle was less evident than in liver. Oxidative stress indices (levels of LPO and CP) were significantly higher in gill and brain, despite a trend to increased values were manifested in the remaining tissues. In short, CBZ-induced stress responses in different tissues were reflected in the oxidant stress indices and hematological parameters. However, before those parameters are used as special biomarkers for monitoring residual pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment, more detailed experiments in laboratory need to be performed in the future.
In this study, the toxic effects of verapamil (VRP) were studied on juvenile rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss, by chronic semi-static bioassay. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of VRP ...(0.5, 27 and 270
μg/L) for 0, 21 and 42
d. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including morphological indices, hematological parameters and antioxidant responses of different tissues (brain, gill, liver, muscle and intestine). Based on the results, there was no significant change in all parameters measured in fish exposed to VRP at environmental related concentration, but VRP-induced stress in fish exposed to higher concentrations reflected the significant changes of physiological and biochemical responses. Through principal component analysis and integrated biomarker response assessment, effects induced by VRP-stress in each test group were distinguished. Additionally, all parameters measured in this study displayed various dependent patterns to VRP concentrations and exposure time using two-way ANOVA statistic analysis. In short, the multiple responses in fish indicated that VRP induced physiological stress and could be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring residual VRP in aquatic environment; but molecular and genetic mechanisms of these physiological responses in fish are not clear and need to be further studied.
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•Prometryne reduced growth in carp larvae and embryos.•Prometryne caused delay in carp development.•Prometryne caused hyperaemia in the gill, liver and kidney.
Toxicity of prometryne ...to early life stages of common carp was assessed. On the basis of accumulated mortality in the experimental groups lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) was estimated as 1100 µg/l; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 850 µg/l. Fulton's condition factor was significantly lower than in controls in fish exposed to 4000 µg/l after 7, 14, and 21 days. By day 14, fish exposed to 4000 µg/l prometryne showed significantly lower mass and total length compared to controls. Fish exposed the 1200 and 4000 µg/l showed delay in development, severe hyperaemia in gill, liver, and caudal and cranial kidney. Subchronic prometryne exposure of early-life stages of common carp at concentrations of 1200 and 4000 µg/l affected their survival, growth rate, early ontogeny, and histology.
Recovery of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after subchronic nitrite exposure Zuskova, E., University of South Bohemia, Vodnany (Czech Republic). Research Inst. of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; Machova, J., University of South Bohemia, Vodnany (Czech Republic). Research Inst. of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology; Velisek, J., University of South Bohemia, Vodnany (Czech Republic). Research Inst. of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology ...
Acta veterinaria Brno,
01/2013, Letnik:
82, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of elevated nitrite concentration on the haematological and biochemical profile of blood of rainbow trout and to evaluate the ability of fish to recover ...under varying conditions. Fish (n = 72) were exposed for 14 days to elevated nitrite concentration (1 mg/L). Thereafter the exposed fish were divided into four groups and monitored for 7 days in the following conditions: water containing 1 mg/L NO2 (group E), water containing 1 mg/L NO2- + 100 mg/L Cl- (group R1), nitrite-free water with 100 mg/L Cl- (group R2), or nitrite- and chloride-free water (group R3). Nitrite exposure was associated with a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in methaemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and plasma nitrite concentration. During the subsequent 7 days these indices reached the control values in all recovery groups (R1-R3). Significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume was recorded during nitrite exposure of fish. These changes were eliminated by addition of chloride to the water. Other haematological and biochemical blood indices showed that all treatments resulted in moderate stress to fish with the least pronounced changes in group R1. Results of the present study confirmed that even low nitrite concentrations may cause physiological changes in rainbow trout and pointed to possible recovery treatments of fish impaired by nitrite exposure. One of the most important findings is that chloride added to the water leads to successful fish recovery even in the presence of nitrite.
The study describes the development of school identity among young people, it focuses on its two main processes, namely the exploration of the study and commitment to study. The research goal of the ...study was to determine the role of the type of the school and subjective perception of the study in these processes. 194 university students and 116 students of secondary technical schools with craft specialisation between 18 and 21 years of age filled in the questionnaire of school identity and answered questions about the attitude to their study. Analysis of covariance showed that university students, compared to the students of secondary technical schools with craft specialisation, are characterised by a greater degree of exploration of the study. Subjectively perceived career relevance of the study and preference of the study significantly influenced the degree of commitment to study. The highest degree of commitment to study was reached by those students, who perceived their study as a direct part of preparation for their future career, and students, who studied the field they have always wanted to study. The results are discussed considering the theoretical basis of the study and its possible practical impact.
The aim of the study was to investigate effects of the triazine’s herbicide terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stage of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) through antioxidant indices, mortality, ...growth, development, and histopathology. Based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy were estimated at 35-day LC50 = 10.9 mg/L terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy. By day 15, fish were exposed to 3.5 mg/L and by day 26, fish were exposed to 0.0029 mg/L; real environmental concentration in Czech rivers, 0.07 mg/L, 1.4 mg/L, and 3.5 mg/L terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy, showed significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. Based on inhibition of growth in the experimental groups, lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) = 0.002 mg/L terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) = 0.0001 mg/L terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy. No significant negative effects on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated at the concentrations tested, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from the two highest tested concentrations showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significant lower in all groups testedly for terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy compared with the control group. At concentrations of 1.4 and 3.5 mg/L damage to caudal kidney tubules when compared to control fish was found.
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