The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of terbutryn to early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Based on accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal ...concentrations of terbutryn were estimated at 36day LC50=3.06mgl−1 terbutryn. Based on inhibition of growth in the experimental groups, lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC)=0.005mgl−1 terbutryn; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC)=0.0007mgl−1 terbutryn. Fulton’s condition factors were significantly lower in fish exposed to 2mgl−1 compared with controls. By day 30, fish exposed to 0.00002mgl−1 – real environmental concentration in Czech rivers – 0.02, 0.2, and 2mgl−1 terbutryn showed significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated at the concentrations tested, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from the two highest tested concentrations (0.2 and 2mgl−1) showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. At concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 2mgl−1 damage to caudal kidney tubules when compared to control fish was found.
We investigated the effect of long-term exposure to carbamazepine (CBZ) on the enzymatic alterations and RNA/DNA ratio in intestine tissue of rainbow trout. Fish were exposed to sublethal ...concentrations of CBZ (1.0 μg/l, 0.2 or 2.0 mg/l) for 42 days. Digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzymes and amylase) and energy metabolic enzyme (Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, glutathione peroxidase GPx, and glutathione reductase GR) in fish intestine were measured. In addition, intestinal RNA/DNA ratio was determined after 42 days exposure. Carbamazepine exposure at 2.0 mg/l led to significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx in CBZ-treated groups gradually increased at lower concentration of CBZ (1.0 μg/l and 0.2 mg/l), then significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) at 2.0 mg/l. After 42 days, the RNA/DNA ratio in fish intestine was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in groups exposed to CBZ at 2.0 mg/l than in other groups. However, there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in the activities of digestive enzymes (proteolytic enzyme and amylase) and GR in all groups. In short, prolonged exposure to CBZ resulted in different responses of various enzymes and significantly lower RNA/DNA ratio in fish intestine. Furthermore, molecular and genetic mechanisms of these physiological responses in fish are not clear, which need to be further studied.
The main role of the public administration are their employees. Their quality guarantee the quality of service given by them and their effectiveness is the source of the whole organization. The ...objective of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the system of remanuation and evaluation in the public administration. Within this objective is finding out, to what extent is existing system of remanuation based on the evaluation according to job performance and what way is used this evaluation during fixing of rate of the bonus. Following the objective of this work is also examined to what extent it is possible to apply the knowledge in the sphere of remanuation from private sector in conditions of public administration and what way is the theory of remanuation and evaluation of performance aplicated actually in the three bureaus of public administration.
The thesis is devoted to the topic of film material archiving, digitization, digital restoration and possibilities of preserving a digital copy of the film. In the theoretical part, the reader will ...be introduced to the basic concepts related to topic of film material preservation and digitization. The digitization process will be explained both in theory and on practical examples from digitization of film Old Czech Legends. Based on the theoretical knowledge from the first part, the situation regarding digitization of film material in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic will be discussed in the practical part. This thesis aims to find the fundamental differences in film material digitization approaches in these two countries.
Background: The global trend of population ageing causes in new challenges, one of them is a wider dedication to the mental health of the elderly. In line with the mental health of the elderly the ...alcohol consumption issues among this group are still in place and those are one of the crucial factors that might causes negative impact on the health of the elderly. There is a large group of seniors in the Czech population living in the cities however numerous groups of the seniors still live also in the countryside where the living is very different to the one in the cities and there are also many specifics in alcohol consumption among those living in the countryside. Aims: The qualitative study aims to learn about the subjective evaluation of the alcohol consumption among the elderly in a small village community through the deep interviews and thus enriches the contemporary knowledge of the alcohol consumption level among the elderly. Methods: Semi-structured interviews complemented by the AUDIT screening questionnaire were executed within the 14 elderly in a small village during July - August 2019. The research group consisted of 5 men and 9 women aged 65 and over was selected using a simple purposeful selection method. The data were processed by thematic analysis. Results: The results of the study...
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pesticide Fury 10 EW, containing zeta-cypermethrin 100 g.l-1, on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
The toxicity tests were performed on common carp ...according to OECD 203 methodologies. The common carp were exposed to Fury 10 EW at concentrations, 5, 7, 10, 50 and 100 μg.l-1 for 96 h and compared to common carp in a non-treated control group. Acute toxicity tests were detected value 96hLC50=13.8 µg.l-1. On the basis of the results was assessed the effect on the hematological profile, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidants biomarkers in tissues, in another acute test.
The observed 96hLC50 value of Fury 10 EW was 13.8 μg.l-1. A significantly lower large lymphocyte and monocyte count, and a significantly greater number of segmented eosinophil granulocyte and higher hematocrit was found in the pesticide-exposed common carp compared to controls. Oxidative damage was not detected in the experimental common carp, however there were significant differences from control in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) in tissue after acute exposure to 13.8 μg.l-1 Fury 10 EW.
Zeta-cypermethrin as Fury 10 EW was classified as a substance highly toxic to fish. The hematological profile well oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defensive systems provide important information about the internal environment of organisms. There is a lack of experimental results about the effects of zeta-cypermethrin on fish in the literature.
The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of simazine in different developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on the basis of mortality, early ontogeny, occurrence of morphological ...anomalies, growth rate, and Fulton's condition factor during and at the conclusion of the test.
The toxicity tests were performed on carp according to OECD 210 methodologies. The developmental stages of carp were exposed to simazine at four concentrations, 0.06, (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 60, 600, and 3000 µg/l for 36 days and compared to carp in a non-treated control group.
Simazine in concentration 0.06 µg/l had no effect on early life stages of carp. Simazine in concentration 600 and 3000 µg/l caused decrease of mass and total length of carp. Fish exposed to three highest levels of simazine showed alteration of tubular system of caudal kidney. On the basis of histopatological changes the values of LOEC = 60 µg/l, NOEC = 0.06 µg/l for simazine were estimated.
Chronic simazine exposure of early-life stages of common carp affected their growth rate, and histology. Some of the changes were observed only at higher exposures (600, 3000 µg/l), but change founded in caudal kidney was affected in fish exposed to the second lowest concentration tested (i.e., 60 µg/l), which is about 10 µg/l higher than reported in Colorado rivers in recent years. Concentrations of simazine in World rivers have been reported to generally vary in the range 0.0003-49.20 µg/l.
