Physical exercise induces positive alterations in gene expression involved in the metabolism of obesity. Maternal exercise provokes adaptations soon after birth in the offspring. Here, we ...investigated whether adult mouse offspring of swim-trained mothers is protected against the development of the deleterious effects of high fat diet (HFD).
Our study comprises two parts. First, female C57BL/6 mice were divided into one sedentary and one swim-trained group (before and during pregnancy, n = 18). In the second part, adult offspring (n = 12) of trained and sedentary mothers was challenged to HFD for 16 weeks. Notably, most of the analysis was done in male offspring.
Our results demonstrate that maternal exercise has several beneficial effects on the mouse offspring and protects them from the deleterious effects of HFD in the adult. Specifically, swimming during pregnancy leads to lower birth weight in offspring through 2 months of age. When subjected to HFD for 4 month in the adulthood, our study presents novel data on the male offspring's metabolism of trained mothers. The offspring gained less weight, which was accompanied by less body fat, and they used more calories during daytime compared with offspring of sedentary mothers. Furthermore, we observed increased adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle, which was accompanied by decreased leptin levels and increased insulin sensitivity. Decreased interleukin-6 expression and increased peptide PYY levels were observed in sera of adult offspring of mothers that swam during pregnancy.
Our results point to the conclusion that maternal exercise is beneficial to protect the offspring from developing obesity, which could be important for succeeding generations as well.
Unusual and exhaustive physical exercise can lead to muscle lesions depending on the type of contraction, intensity, duration, age, and level of conditioning. Different therapies have been proposed ...to prevent or reduce exercise-induced muscle damage.
In this study, we investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy on skeletal muscle strain in an experimental model in rats.
Male Wistar rats (200 g) were used. The animals were randomized into groups of six animals. We performed tibialis muscle elongation using a previously described protocol. The animals were anesthetized and submitted to passive stretching of the anterior tibial muscle attached to a weight corresponding to 150% of the body mass of the animal for 20 min, rested for 3 min, and received a second traction for 20 min. The cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10, edema, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined in the tibialis anterior muscle.
Plasma extravasation of groups treated with different doses of laser energy, lesion +1 J (2.61 ± 0.46), lesion +3 J (2.33 ± 0.13), lesion +6 J (2.92 ± 0.91), and lesion +9 J (2.80 ± 0.55), shows a significant reduction of extravasation when compared with the injury group (5.46 ± 1.09). Laser therapy was able to significantly reduce CRP and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10).
Laser photobiomodulation reduced skeletal muscle edema as well as cytokines and CRP, leading to a significant reduction in inflammatory markers.
Verify the influences of physical activity level, nutritional status and screen habits on the prevalence of back pain in Brazilian students.
The sample consisted of 577 schoolchildren (female = 274; ...male = 303) aged between 10 and 16 years old, regularly enrolled in the 6
grade of elementary school living in the metropolitan area of the Alto Tietê of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The prevalence, intensity and frequency of pain was verified with the Back Pain Assessment Instrument. The usual practice of physical activity was verified with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children/Adolescent. Nutritional status was analyzed using Body Mass Index. Screen habits were obtained through a previously structured questionnaire.
The Chi-square test indicated that pain complaint and its prevalence in the cervical region are significantly higher in females (p < 0.05). The multiple logistic regression test revealed that watching television influences the prevalence of cervical pain and that the use of more than one screen increases the occurrence of low back pain in male students (p < 0.05).
Female students were the most affected by back pain complain, especially in the cervical region. However, factors associated with the prevalence of back pain were found only in males.
AIM:To investigate a potential protective role of the kinin B2receptor in a glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis mouse model.METHODS:We separated 28 C57Bl/6 male mice into4 groups:untreated WT ...animals,untreated B2knockout mice,glycerol-treated WT and glycerol-treated B2knockout mice.Glycerol-treated animals received one intramuscular injections of glycerol solution(50%v/v,7 m L/kg).After 48 h,urine and blood samples were collected to measure creatinine and urea levels.Additionally,kidney samples were extracted for histological evaluation,and the m RNA expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and inflammatory mediators were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Serum creatinine and urea levels showed differences between untreated wild-type and glyceroltreated wild-type mice(0.66±0.04 vs 2.61±0.53mg/d L,P<0.01;and 33.51±2.08 vs 330.2±77.7mg/d L,P<0.005),and between untreated B2knockout mice and glycerol-treated knockout mice(0.56±0.03 vs 2.23±0.87 mg/d L,P<0.05;and 42.49±3.2vs 327.2±58.4 mg/d L,P<0.01),but there was no difference between the glycerol-treated wild-type and glycerol-treated knockout mice.Glycerol was able to induce a striking increase in kinin B2receptor expression(>30 times,31.34±8.9)in kidney.Animals injected with glycerol had a higher degree of tubular injury than untreated animals.Wild-type and knockout mice treated with glycerol intramuscularly present kidney injury,with impairment in renal function.However,B2knockout mice treated with glycerol did not show a different phenotype regarding kidney injury markers,when compared to the wild-type glycerol-treated group.CONCLUSION:We conclude that the kinin B2receptordoes not have a protective role in renal injury.
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