In this work, we study the crystallization and electrical resistivity of the formed oxides in a Cu/SiO2/Si thin film after thermal oxidation by ex-situ annealing at different temperatures up to ...1000°C. Upon increasing the annealing temperature, from the X ray diffractogram the phase evolution Cu→Cu+Cu2O→Cu2O→Cu2O+CuO→CuO was detected. Pure Cu2O films are obtained at 200°C, whereas uniform CuO films without structural surface defects such as terraces, kinks, porosity or cracks are obtained in the temperature range 300–550°C. In both oxides, crystallization improves with annealing temperature. A resistivity phase diagram, which is obtained from the current–voltage response, is presented here. The resistivity was expected to increase linearly as a function of the annealing temperature due to evolution of oxides. However, anomalous decreases are observed at different temperatures ranges, this may be related to the improvement of the crystallization and crystallite size when the temperature increases.
► The crystallization and electrical resistivity of oxides in a Cu films are studied. ► In annealing Cu films, the phase evolution Cu+Cu2O→Cu2O→Cu2O+CuO→CuO occurs. ► A resistivity phase diagram, obtained from the current–voltage response, is presented. ► Some decreases in the resistivity may be related to the crystallization.
IgG4-related skin disease Tokura, Y.; Yagi, H.; Yanaguchi, H. ...
British journal of dermatology (1951),
November 2014, Letnik:
171, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a recently established clinical entity characterized by high levels of circulating IgG4, and tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. IgG4‐RD exhibits a ...distinctive fibroinflammatory change involving multiple organs, such as the pancreas and salivary and lacrimal glands. The skin lesions of IgG4‐RD have been poorly characterized and may stem not only from direct infiltration of plasma cells but also from IgG4‐mediated inflammation. Based on the documented cases together with ours, we categorized the skin lesions into seven subtypes: (1) cutaneous plasmacytosis (multiple papulonodules or indurations on the trunk and proximal part of the limbs), (2) pseudolymphoma and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (plaques and papulonodules mainly on the periauricular, cheek and mandible regions), (3) Mikulicz disease (palpebral swelling, sicca syndrome and exophthalmos), (4) psoriasis‐like eruption (strikingly mimicking psoriasis vulgaris), (5) unspecified maculopapular or erythematous eruptions, (6) hypergammaglobulinaemic purpura (bilateral asymmetrical palpable purpuric lesions on the lower extremities) and urticarial vasculitis (prolonged urticarial lesions occasionally with purpura) and (7) ischaemic digit (Raynaud phenomenon and digital gangrene). It is considered that subtypes 1–3 are induced by direct infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells, while the other types (4–7) are caused by secondary mechanisms. IgG4‐related skin disease is defined as IgG4+ plasma‐cell‐infiltrating skin lesions that form plaques, nodules or tumours (types 1–3), but may manifest secondary lesions caused by IgG4+ plasma cells and/or IgG4 (types 4–7).
What is already known about this topic?
IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a recently established clinical entity characterized by fibroinflammatory lesions, high levels of circulating IgG4 and tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells.
What does this study add?
We comprehensively categorized the skin lesions of IgG4‐RD into primary lesions with direct infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells (three subtypes) and secondary nonspecific inflammatory lesions where the role of IgG4 remains to be elucidated (four subtypes).
Our study clarifies IgG4‐related skin disease and its differential diagnoses.
Summary
Pseudoscientific beliefs are widespread and can be damaging. If several studies have examined the factors leading people to accept pseudoscientific beliefs, no attention has been paid to the ...factors contributing to people's willingness to transmit these beliefs. To test whether the willingness to transmit pseudoscientific beliefs contributes to their spread, independent of their believability, we asked participants to rate statements corresponding either to pseudoscientific beliefs (Myths), or to their (correct) negations (Non‐Myths). Statements were rated on believability, on how willing participants would be to transmit them, and on how knowledgeable they would make someone who produces them. Results revealed that participants who believed in Myths were more willing to transmit them than the participants who believed in Non‐Myths were willing to transmit Non‐Myths. A potential factor driving the increased willingness to transmit both Myths and Non‐Myths might be participants' belief that holding the beliefs makes one seem more knowledgeable.
Graphene nanoribbons (GNR) are one of the most promising candidates for the fabrication of graphene-based nanoelectronic devices such as high mobility field effect transistors (FET). Here, we report ...a high-yield fabrication of a high quality another type of GNR analogue, fully flattened carbon nanotubes (flattened CNTs), using solution-phase extraction of inner tubes from large-diameter multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that flattened CNTs have width of typically 20 nm and a barbell-like cross section. Measurements of the low-bias conductance of isolated flattened CNTs as a function of gate voltage shows that the flattened CNTs display ambipolar conduction which is different from those of MWCNTs. The estimated gap based on temperature dependence of conductivity measurements of isolated flattened CNTs is 13.7 meV, which is probably caused by the modified electronic structure due to the flattening.
Clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer based on evidence-based medicine (2006) were published by the Japan Pancreas Society (Committee for revision of clinical guidelines for pancreatic ...cancer) in March 2009 in Japanese, revised to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pancreatic Cancer based on evidence-based medicine (2009) in July 2009 in Japanese and further revised to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pancreatic Cancer (2013) in October 2013 in Japanese. These guidelines were established according to evidence-based medicine. A total of 629 papers were collected from among 4612 reports concerning pancreatic cancer listed in PubMed and Igakuchuo Zasshi between May 2007 and January 2011. This new set of guidelines was written by members of the Committee for the Revision of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pancreatic Cancer in the Japan Pancreas Society. The guidelines provide an algorithm for the diagnosis (Fig. 1) and treatment (Fig. 2) of pancreatic cancer and address six subjects (Diagnosis, Surgery, Adjuvant therapy, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy and stent therapy), with 35 clinical questions and 57 recommendations.
To clarify long-term outcome of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 50 patients were followed up for a mean of 52 months. Overall recurrence rate by Kaplan-Meier estimation was 37% at 60 ...months. The patients with horizontal canal BPPV (n = 19) had a significantly higher recurrence rate (50%) at 60 months than those with posterior canal BPPV (n = 28; 26%). There was no significant association between recurrence rates and sex or age.
Summary
Background
Histamine is an important chemical mediator of allergic rhinitis (AR). Histamine H3 receptors (H3R) are located on cholinergic and NANC neurons of the myenteric plexus, and ...activation of H3R regulates gastric acid secretion. However, little is known about the localization and function of H3R in the upper airway.
Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the localization and possible function of H3R in the nasal mucosa.
Methods
We extracted total RNA from the inferior turbinate mucosa of patients with AR. H3R mRNA and β‐actin mRNA were amplified by RT‐PCR. We used immunohistochemistry to examine localization of H3R protein in the inferior turbinate mucosa excised during clinically indicated surgery. We used alcian blue/periodic acid‐shiff staining to examine the effects of the H3R agonist (R)‐α‐methylhistamine and the H3R antagonist thioperamide on secretion from rat submucosal glands.
Results
H3R protein was expressed around submucosal gland cells. Thioperamide induced degranulation in the submucosal gland in the nasal septum.
Conclusion
The present results suggest that H3R is localized mainly around submucosal glands, and that H3R plays an important role in the secretion of submucosal glands in the nose.
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