A
bstract
As measurements of the CKM angle
γ
in decays of
b
-hadrons become increasingly precise, it is important to consider the impact of processes that affect secondary and tertiary decay products ...and can contribute to the observed
CP
violation. The golden decay mode used to measure
γ
is
B
→
DK
, where
D
→
K
s
0
π
+
π
−
. Due to the presence of a
K
s
0
meson in the final state,
γ
measurements based on this mode are affected by neutral kaon
CP
violation and matter regeneration, and this study examines the potential size of the impact. Previous studies determine the impact of kaon
CP
violation to be a few degrees in size, but make simplifying assumptions about how experimental measurements are implemented. These assumptions are lifted in the present study, and the matter regeneration effect is included for the first time. The results are presented within the context of
γ
measurements to be made using the LHCb and Belle II detectors. It is found that the expected biases due to ignoring the effects of
CP
violation and matter regeneration in neutral kaons is small and less than 0
.
5° degrees in all experimental scenarios considered.
Vasectomy Jamel, S; Malde, S; Ali, I M ...
BMJ (Online),
04/2013, Letnik:
346, Številka:
apr02 1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
...the morbidity of the procedure is higher than for vasectomy, and some studies suggest that the reported lifetime failure rate is higher, at 1 in 200. Common Scrotal bruising, haematoma Chronic ...testis pain affecting quality of life (1-2%) and sperm granuloma Occasional Bleeding requiring further surgery Rare Infection of testis or epididymis requiring antibiotics Early recanalisation resulting in persistence of motile sperm in the ejaculate for which repeat vasectomy is indicated (0.2-5.3%) A risk of about 1 in 2000 of pregnancy resulting from late recanalisation after previous clearance How it works Vasectomy is an effective, reliable, and permanent form of male sterilisation with no serious long term side effects. ...reading For patients Patient.co.uk ( www.patient.co.uk/health/Vasectomy.htm ) NHS Choices ( www.nhs.uk/conditions/vasectomy/pages/introduction2.aspx ) British Association of Urological Surgeons ( www.baus.org.uk/Resources/BAUS/Documents/PDF%20Documents/Patient%20information/Vasectomy.pdf ) For healthcare professionals European Association of Urology Guidelines on Vasectomy ( www.europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838%2811%2901101-8/fulltext ) American Urological Association Guidelines on Vasectomy ( www.auanet.org/content/media/vasectomy.pdf ) Contributors: SJ was involved in the initial conception and drafting of the article and was involved in final approval of the version to be published.
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a chronic condition characterized by pelvic pain or pressure which is perceived to be originating from the bladder, accompanied by one or more urinary symptoms, ...including frequency, urgency and nocturia. The precise etiology of BPS is not fully understood. Chronic bacterial infection, defective glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the bladder urothelium, inappropriate activation of mast cells in the suburothelial layer of the bladder, autoimmune-mediated mechanisms and autonomic nervous system dysfunction have all been implicated. Treatments targeted at each of these mechanisms have been developed with mixed outcomes. High-quality research into the treatment options is lacking and it is difficult to draw definite conclusions. The treatment approach is multimodal and should be patient specific, targeting the symptoms which they find most bothersome. Conservative treatment, including patient education, behavioural modification, dietary advice, stress relief and physical therapy is an essential initial management strategy for all patients. If no response is observed, oral treatments such as amitriptyline are likely to offer the greatest response. Cystoscopy is essential to phenotype patients, and Hunner lesion directed therapy with fulguration or resection can be performed at the same time. Intravesical instillation of DMSO or lidocaine, detrusor injections of botulinum toxin A and neuromodulation can be used if initial management fails to improve symptoms. Oral cyclosporin can be trialled in those experienced with its use; however, it is associated with significant adverse events and requires intense monitoring. Lastly, radical surgery should be reserved for those with severe, unremitting BPS, in which quality of life is severely affected and not improved by previously mentioned interventions. Future work investigating exact aetiological factors will help target the development of efficacious treatment options, and several promising oral and intravesical treatments are emerging.
We demonstrate how a time-dependent analysis of the decays D0→KS0K∓π± can be used to determine the D0–D¯0 mixing parameter y with a precision that is competitive with established methods. The ...proposed analysis is an inclusive study which makes use of the measurements of the coherence factor and mean strong phase difference for these decays recently performed by CLEO.
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