Summary
Buildings around the world account for about one‐third of the energy consumption. Enough energy is required to maintain the comfort level for the occupants. Recently, the rise in global ...temperature resulting in climate change is associated with the comfort level for both outdoor and indoor of the buildings. Thus, providing acceptable comfort levels within buildings has become significant. The comfortable indoor environment of building requires energy for the operation of various appliances. A smart and energy efficient approach is the need of an hour to reduce energy consumption and attain comfortable indoor environment. The building energy and comfort management system (BECMS) model incorporating trade‐off between energy consumption and comfort has already been focused in previous studies. However, limited analyses have been observed in comparing the most efficient population‐based algorithm for BECMS. In this paper, a comparative study has been carried out using three different optimization techniques including multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), hybrid MOGA (HMOGA), and multi‐objective particle swarm optimization method (MOPSO) for optimal energy and comfort management in buildings. These optimization techniques have been widely employed to solve various optimization problems. The significant contribution of this article identifies the best suited algorithm in attaining best optimized solution of energy and comfort in a building. The comparative analysis of the three optimization techniques shows that MOPSO outperforms and attains maximum comfort level and higher energy savings.
The detailed block architecture of the proposed building energy and comfort management system framework.
Objective: To determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among children reporting to the Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi.
Study Design: Comparative cross ...sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2018.
Methodolgy: A total of 100 children, aged between 6-12 years of age, both male and female, meeting the selection criteria of the study, presenting to the Psychiatry department at Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, were enrolled for this study. Informed consent was taken from the parents. The consultant psychiatrist interviewed the patients and diagnosed any psychiatric disorders based on international classification of diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma.
Results: Out of a total of 100 children, 66 (66%) were male, while 34 (34%) were female. The mean age of the participating children was 8.66 + 1.97 years. The most common psychiatric disorder was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 44 (44%), followed by depression 30 (30%). Other diagnoses included oppositional defiant disorder 12 (12%), conduct disorder 9 (9%) and separation anxiety disorder 5 (5%).
Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression are amongst the quite prevalent psychiatric disorders, than that was considered earlier.
This introduction provides an overview of the significance of the Symposium on Islam and evolution that results from a conference hosted by the Leiden University Shīʿī Studies Initiative (LUSSI) in ...July 2021. The objective of this conference was to stimulate further research in the area. Scientists, theologians, and philosophers participated in the conference to discuss the topic from various angles. The selected articles that were accepted for this thematic section are summarized.
To compare the serum proangiogenic biomarkers in diabetic patients suffering from with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).
An observational study.
Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan ...and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, from March to December 2017.
Forty patients with DR were included in group A and 15 patients without retinopathy (controls) were included in group B. Twelve serum pro-angiogenic biomarkers Angiopoietin 2, Human Growth Factor (HGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Placental Growth Factor (PLGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and C (VEGF-A and VEGF-C), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 (BMP9), Follistatin, Leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL8), Endothelin (ET) were analysed by xMAP flow cytometry technique, results were compared between the two groups and statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test.
Serum ET, Follistatin and EGF were significantly raised in group A as compared to group B having p-values of 0.001, <0.001, and 0.033, respectively. Serum BMP9, Leptin, HGF, FGF and VEGF-C had p <0.001, 0.023, 0.020, and 0.009, respectively and were higher in group B than group A.
Serum ET, Follistatin and EGF were significantly higher in DR patients as compared to those without DR and should be considered to be significant biomarkers of retinal complications in diabetes mellitus.
AL‐GHAZĀLĪ'S DIVINE COMMAND THEORY Malik, Shoaib Ahmed
The Journal of religious ethics,
September 2021, Letnik:
49, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reviews al‐Ghazālī's conception of Divine Command Theory (DCT) in light of contemporary philosophical developments. There are two well‐known objections against DCT. These include the ...problem of arbitrariness (PoA), which states that God randomly chose our moral framework for no reason given His capability to choose any moral commands; and the problem of God's goodness (PoGG), which questions God's goodness if morality could be other than what it is. Modern defenders of DCT have attempted to counter these objections through various strategies. This article juxtaposes al‐Ghazālī's interpretation of DCT with modern strategies to illustrate how these two issues are untroubling concerns in al‐Ghazālī's framework. In doing so, it highlights where and how they differ in their approaches. Additionally, it critiques interpretations suggested by some contemporary thinkers who suggest that al‐Ghazālī may not be a strict proponent of DCT.
Bacteria are the commonest etiological factor among the microbes that cause UTIs. The most prevalent bacteria identified in the lab are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas ...aeruginosa. Antibiotics are the empiric therapy for such infections but the reoccurrence rate is becoming high owing to the development of resistance due to their irrational and indiscriminate use across the globe. This study was designed on UTI cases of OPD, Medical, Nephrology, Surgical, Main OT, Urology and ICU wards of Allied hospital Faisalabad. 11 antibiotics were used which showed that E. coli is sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Piperacillin tazobactam, and Polymyxin B. Klebsiella pneumonia showed sensitivity for Amikacin, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem, Polymyxin B, Piperacillin tazobactam and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. While Pseudomonas aurignosa showed resistance to Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin tazobactam, Imipenem, and Polymyxin B. E. coli exhibited the highest sensitivity for Piperacillin tazobactam, Klebsiella pneumonia for Imipenem and Pseudomonas aurignosa for Ciprofloxacin. Further, the isolated DNA samples of these microorganisms were confirmed by gel electrophoresis and subjected to molecular characterization by performing trace file and phylogenetic tree analysis.
A field experiment on lentil was conducted to see the effect of Zn application alongwith PGPR on growth and yield under rain-fed conditions at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad ...during 2016-17. Split plot design (main plots with and without inoculation and Zn application in sub-plots) with three replications was followed. Agronomic data i.e., plant height, pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, total biomass and grain yield were recorded. Plant samples were collected at maturity to determine Zn concentration in plant tissues and grains. A significant increase in pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, grain yield and total biomass of lentil was observed with Zn application even at lower rate (5 kg ha-1) under PGPR inoculation. Maximum 100-seed weight (2.56 g) was recorded with PGPR inoculation which was 21% higher than that of without PGPR inoculation. Overall, a significant increase (31%) in grain yield and total biomass was observed due to Zn application as well as PGPR inoculation. Similarly, maximum Zn concentration in plant tissues and its uptake (kg ha-1) was determined from the treatments where Zn was applied under PGPR inoculation.
Abstract
There is a need for automatic systems that can reliably detect, track and classify fish and other marine species in underwater videos without human intervention. Conventional computer vision ...techniques do not perform well in underwater conditions where the background is complex and the shape and textural features of fish are subtle. Data-driven classification models like neural networks require a huge amount of labelled data, otherwise they tend to over-fit to the training data and fail on unseen test data which is not involved in training. We present a state-of-the-art computer vision method for fine-grained fish species classification based on deep learning techniques. A cross-layer pooling algorithm using a pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network as a generalized feature detector is proposed, thus avoiding the need for a large amount of training data. Classification on test data is performed by a SVM on the features computed through the proposed method, resulting in classification accuracy of 94.3% for fish species from typical underwater video imagery captured off the coast of Western Australia. This research advocates that the development of automated classification systems which can identify fish from underwater video imagery is feasible and a cost-effective alternative to manual identification by humans.
U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća svjedočimo velikom razvoju istraživanja na području znanosti i religije. Jedan takav razvoj naziva se 'teologija prirode' (ToN), što uključuje aktivnost izgradnje ...ili revizije teoloških okvira u svjetlu suvremenih znanstvenih spoznaja, npr. evolucije, teorije kaosa i kvantne mehanike. Ian Barbour, John Polkinghorne i Arthur Peacocke, kršćanski mislioci, najpoznatiji su zagovornici ove vrste razmišljanja. Međutim, ovaj diskurs nije razmotren iz islamske perspektive. S obzirom na ovaj jaz, u članku razmatramo kako se ovaj način razmišljanja može obuhvatiti iz perspektive Ashʿarī škole mišljenja koja pripada sunitskoj islamskoj kalām tradiciji. Prvo ćemo razmotriti kako se ToN manifestira u djelima ranije spomenutih mislilaca. Nakon toga ističemo bitna načela ašʿarizma koja su relevantna za Boga, Njegovu interakciju sa stvorenim svijetom i znanost. One se potom uspoređuju s idejama navedenih mislilaca. Dolazimo do dva zaključka. Prvo, pokazujemo da se atomizam, koji se općenito shvaća općeprihvaćeno stajalište u Ashʿarī tradiciji, ne bi trebao smatrati teološkim gledištem, već prije filozofskim ili znanstvenim. Drugo, radi se važna razlika između znanstveno informirane teologije (SIT) i kontingentno informirane teologije (CIT). Za Ashʿarīje, CIT je dovoljan za razumijevanje Boga, ali smatraju da bi SIT prikazan u ToN bio problematičan. Motivacija i metodologija lokaliziranja ili modificiranja Božje prirode ili atributa koji bi odgovarali današnjoj znanosti bi se smatrala teološki neprimjernim i vrlo spornim oblikom scijentizma.
In this paper I demonstrate how certain contemporary atheists have problematically conflated atheism with agnosticism (knowingly or unknowingly). The first type of conflation is semantic fusion, ...where the lack of belief in God is combined with the outright denial of God, under the single label of ‘atheism’. The second is morphological fission which involves the separation of atheism into two subcategories where lack of belief in God is labelled as negative atheism and outright denial of God as positive atheism – and while here they are more explicitly demarcated, they are still positioned under the broad notion of atheism. I argue in this paper that atheism should be better used as the propositional denial of God and that uncertainty and unknowability about God should be reserved to characterise agnosticism. Conflating these positions under the single term ‘atheism’ mischaracterises agnostics and inflates the territory of atheists. In clarifying these terms, I review how the nuances in the prefix a- in atheism have potentially contributed towards these misnomers. I also suggest the use of the categories ‘local atheism’ and ‘global atheism’ to clarify on whom the burden of proof lies within the discourse.
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