Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major cause of ESRD, is undoubtedly multifactorial and is caused by environmental and genetic factors. To identify a genetic basis for DN susceptibility, we are ...collecting multiplex DN families in the Caucasian (CA) and African-American (AA) populations for whole genome scanning and candidate gene analysis. A candidate gene search of diabetic sibs discordantly affected, concordantly affected and concordantly unaffected for DN was performed with microsatellite markers in genomic regions suspected to harbor nephropathy susceptibility loci. Regions examined were at human chromosome 10p,10q (orthologous to the rat renal susceptibility Rf-1 locus), and at NPHS1 (nephrin), CD2AP, Wilms tumor (WT1), and NPHS2 (podocin) loci. Linkage analyses were conducted using model-free methods (SIBPAL, S.A.G.E.) for AA, CA, and the combined sample. Allele frequencies and the identity by descent sharing were estimated separately for AA and CA, and race was included as a covariate in the final linkage analysis. To date, we have collected 212 sib pairs from 46 CA and 50 AA families. The average age of diabetes onset was 46.8 yr versus 36.2 yr for CA and 39.5 yr versus 40.2 yr for AA, in males versus females respectively. Genotyping data were available for 106 sib pairs (43 CA, 63 AA) from 27 CA (44% male probands) and 38 AA families (43% male probands). Average AA and CA sibship size was 2.73. Singlepoint and multipoint linkage analyses indicate that marker D10S1654 on chromosome 10p is potentially linked to DN (CA only multipoint P = 4 x 10(-3)). Interestingly, the majority of the linkage evidence derives from the CA sib pairs. We are now adding sib pairs and increasing marker density on chromosome 10. We have excluded linkage with candidate regions for nephrin, CD2AP, WT1, and podocin in this sample. In conjunction with previous reports, our data support evidence for a DN susceptibility locus on chromosome 10.
Objective: To explore and characterize the microbial fauna associated with the houseflies under different environments.Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was ...carried out at the Department of Health Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, from July 2022 to December 2022.Materials and Methods: The 50 samples per location were taken from the urban environment of Rawalpindi and Chakwal districts. Then the species of bacteria were isolated for Biochemical and Molecular characters for the most prevalent bacterial species. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was also done for identified species.Results: The biochemical analysis gave significant results regarding the Proteus and Staphylococcus species. Then the phylogenetic analysis of isolated strains showed their close association with Proteus mirabilis in the case of R1_785 and with Proteus Vulgaris and Staphylococcus Xylosus. The identified strains, after the antibiotic sensitivity testing identified to be the most resistant ones moreover, their phylogenetic history showed that they diverged independently as per their evolutionary analysis.Conclusion: The Staphylococcus Xylosus susceptibility was highly resistant against Gentamycin and least resistant against Imipenem and Tazobactam. These findings suggest houseflies' potential role in transmitting pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance in households.
The essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation of the leaves of Rhododendron lepidotum L growing wild in the high Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir was analyzed by a combination of capillary GC-FID ...and GC/MS analytical techniques. The study led to the identification and quantification of 34 chemical constituents belonging to different classes of compounds and accounting for 94.2% of the total oil composition. The oil composition is dominated by the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.9%). The principal components were alpha-pinene and beta-pinene (54.4% and 12.5% respectively) along with limonene (6.5%), γ-terpinene (2.2%), bornyl acetate (2.8%) and α-humulene (4.2%).
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