Ginger (
Roscoe) is a common and widely used spice. It is rich in various chemical constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, and raw fibers. The ...health benefits of ginger are mainly attributed to its phenolic compounds, such as gingerols and shogaols. Accumulated investigations have demonstrated that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, respiratory protective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger, and the mechanisms of action are also discussed. We hope that this updated review paper will attract more attention to ginger and its further applications, including its potential to be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
In recent years, obesity has become a global public health issue. It is closely associated with the occurrence of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Some edible ...and medicinal plants show anti-obesity activity, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, legumes, edible flowers, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. Numerous studies have indicated that these plants are potential candidates for the prevention and management of obesity. The major anti-obesity mechanisms of plants include suppressing appetite, reducing the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates, inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, regulating gut microbiota, and improving obesity-related inflammation. In this review, the anti-obesity activity of edible and medicinal plants was summarized based on epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with related mechanisms discussed, which provided the basis for the research and development of slimming products. Further studies should focus on the exploration of safer plants with anti-obesity activity and the identification of specific anti-obesity mechanisms.
•The facile & efficient I− removal was achieved by crosslinked chitosan microsphere.•The maximum adsorption capacity of I− was up to 0.8792 mmol/g in 40 min adsorption.•The crosslinked chitosan ...microspheres performed highly efficiently from pH4 to 10.•The CMs could be regenerated for five cycles and maintained the high efficiency.
Radioactive iodine from the nuclear wastes was the significant environmental pollution, causing the health concern. Cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CM) by emulsion polymerization were investigated and proposed as the green and efficient adsorbents to treat iodine wastes via I− and -NH2 attraction. The I127 anions (instead of the radioactive iodine) adsorbed by CM were promising according to adsorbent dosage, pH, co-existing anions and recyclability analyzations through FTIR, SEM, BET and TGA. From pH 4 to 10, CMs maintained the I− adsorption efficiency no less than 95%. The maximum adsorption capacity of I− was up to 0.8792 mmol/g relative to the initial 2 mmol/L I− at pH 5 during 40 min adsorption, well-fitting with Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model. Moreover, the CMs after five regenerations maintained almost the same adsorption efficiency, and performed the differently competitive-adsorbed behavior. The CMs thus were prospective adsorbents for the iodide removal from waste water.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and ...cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.
On approximating the arc lemniscate functions Zhao, Tie-Hong; Qian, Wei-Mao; Chu, Yu-Ming
Indian journal of pure and applied mathematics,
2022/6, Letnik:
53, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper deals with the arc lemniscate functions from the point view of bivariate means which have been introduced in
1
. In this study, several optimal bounds for these bivariate means in terms ...of arithmetic, geometric and quadratic means are established. As a consequence, new bounds for the arc lemniscate functions are also derived, which improve some previously known results.
A-type granitoids constitute volumetrically minor but genetically important building blocks of most post-Archean continental landmasses on Earth and their diversified genesis encapsulates key ...information for ascertaining critical geodynamic controls on continental crustal formation and differentiation. This zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical study documents the Early Permian peralkaline granites from central Inner Mongolia of China, eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). These granites show an A-type magmatic affinity, with typical enrichment in alkalis, Ga, Zr, Nb and Y, depletion in Sr and P and fractionated REE patterns showing strong negative Eu anomalies. They have meaningful initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70594, εNd(t) of +4.25 to +6.05, zircon εHf(t) from +9.8 to +16.0 and δ18O values from 2.41 to 4.72‰. These elemental and isotopic characters argue for parental magmas from partial melting of a newly trapped charnockitic lower crustal protolith and their subsequent fractional crystallization. With an inherent hydrothermally altered oceanic crustal heritage and possible tectonic linkage to post-collisional slab breakoff, this kind of A-type granites could not only serve as an insightful temporal milestone for monitoring the amalgamation between various constituent terranes in the CAOB, but also present a spatial magmatic proxy for marking the maturation stage of juvenile crustal reworking during the final phase of a large orogenic event.
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•This study documents Early Permian A-type granites from North China.•Their isotopic characters argue for a charnocktized lower crustal protolith.•They present a temporal marker for monitoring post-collisional slab breakoff.•They provide a spatial proxy for marking oceanic crustal recycling.
Tea is among the most consumed drink worldwide, and its strong antioxidant activity is considered as the main contributor to several health benefits, such as cardiovascular protection and anticancer ...effect. In this study, the antioxidant activities of 30 tea infusions, which were obtained by the mimic of drinking tea of the public, from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas, were evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, ranging from 504.80 ± 17.44 to 4647.47 ± 57.87 µmol Fe
/g dry weight (DW) and 166.29 ± 24.48 to 2532.41 ± 50.18 µmol Trolox/g DW, respectively. Moreover, their total phenolic contents (TPC) were detected by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and were in the range of 24.77 ± 2.02 to 252.65 ± 4.74 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW. Generally, Dianqing Tea, Lushan Yunwu Tea, and Xihu Longjing Tea showed the strongest antioxidant activities among 30 teas. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds in tea infusions were identified and quantified, with catechins most commonly detected, especially in green tea infusions, which were main contributors to their antioxidant activities. Besides tea polyphenols, considerable content of caffeine also presented in 30 tea infusions.
In the article, we present the best possible parameters
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Fatty liver disease (FLD), including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), is a serious chronic metabolic disease that affects a wide range of people. ...Lipid accumulation accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver is the most important pathogenesis of FLD. The plant-based, high-fiber, and low-fat diet has been recommended to manage FLD for a long time. This review discusses the current state of the art into the effects, mechanisms, and clinical application of plant-based foods in NAFLD and AFLD, with highlighting related molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological evidence revealed that the consumption of several plant-based foods was beneficial to alleviating FLD. Further experimental studies found out that fruits, spices, teas, coffee, and other plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, such as resveratrol, anthocyanin, curcumin, and tea polyphenols, could alleviate FLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and apoptosis, as well as regulating autophagy and ethanol metabolism. More importantly, clinical trials confirmed the beneficial effects of plant-based foods on patients with fatty liver. However, several issues need to be further studied especially the safety and effective doses of plant-based foods and their bioactive compounds. Overall, certain plant-based foods are promising natural sources of bioactive compounds to prevent and alleviate fatty liver disease.
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases have attracted global attention with an overwhelming burden on families and society. Tea contains many bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and ...theanine, which could contribute to the neuroprotective effects of tea. The possible mechanisms of action include regulating signaling pathways and gut microbiota; inhibiting abnormal protein aggregation; normalizing the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of tea for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. In this narrative revie
w, the effects of tea on these diseases were summarized, and special attention was paid to the mechanisms of action.
Abbreviations: AChE, acetylcholinesterase; ACTH, adrenocorticotropin; AKT, serine-threonine protein kinase; BChE, butyrylcholinesterase; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CI, confidence interval; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone; CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein; EC, epicatechin; ECG, epicatechin-3-gallate; EGC, epigallocatechin; EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HR, hazard ratio; IL, interleukin; MAOB, monoamine oxidase B; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; NOS, nitric oxide species; OR, odds ratio; PGC-1α; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RR, risk ratio; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α; umor necrosis factor alpha; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine.
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