The significance of minor constituents of essential oils (EOs) for antibacterial activity by chemometric methods principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was ...researched. In this study, the antibacterial activity of six EOs from Achillea and Artemisia species was evaluated on nine laboratory control bacterial strains. Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric (GC/MS) data showed that these samples have similar chemical compositions, with highest content of oxygenated monoterpenes and lowest content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons. The strongest clustering is observed for Achillea millefolium and Achillea crithmifolia EOs. In PCA analysis, these two EOs are located at the considerable distance away from all of the other samples of EOs, indicating that their composition and activity differs significantly from the other samples. All bacteria for assessment of antimicrobial activity are grouped to the left side of the plot, located diametrically opposite to group I. This unique location can be pointed out as a reason for the lowest activity against bacteria, suggesting that the dominant EO components may not determine antibacterial activity. These findings were suggesting that the minor compounds (oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons) or a combination thereof were possibly responsible for the complete antibacterial activity of EOs.
•The importance of essential oil minor components for antibacterial activity was done.•In study principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis were used.•All studied essential oils contained predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes.•The minor compounds were oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons.•The minor compounds were possibly responsible for the antibacterial activity of EOs.
The objective of the present study was to assess the difference in antimicrobial activity of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. essential oil at three growth stages. In addition, using statistical ...and chemometric tools, we tried to explain why the essential oil from a certain vegetation stage shows the highest antimicrobial activity. S. kitaibelii essential oils demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration values from 160 to 10000 μg mL−1, and minimum microbicidal concentration values from 630 to 20000 μg mL−1. Geraniol, borneol, limonene and p‐cymene are the dominant compounds of S. kitaibelii essential oil. The most abundant compound, geraniol, possesses antimicrobial activity in a range of MIC values from 40 to 5000 μg mL−1 and MMC values from 80 to 10000 μg mL−1. The highest activity of essential oil for all tested strains of microorganisms was recorded in November. Results of statistical analysis indicate that the percentage of dominant compounds of essential oils does not affect the antibacterial activity of essential oils. Chemometric analyses leads to the conclusion that borneol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and limonene can be the main contributors to the antibacterial activity of essential oil from November and that their mutual ratio is important. These results may represent a new methodological approach for future research on essential oils.
Nutrients play an essential role in many metabolic processes whose deficiency or excess can be harmful to the plant itself and through the food chain to both animals and humans. Medicinal plants used ...in the food and pharmaceutical industries can be contaminated with increased concentrations of heavy metals. The plant species Seseli rigidum and Seseli pallasii from the Balkan Peninsula are used in traditional medicine and spices in the diet, so it was necessary to determine the mineral composition to ensure their safe application. In this work, the mineral composition was determined in medicinal species of the genus Seseli using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Two multivariate statistic methods -principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to distinguish samples regarding their mineral composition. The mineral composition of both studied species is following the literature data. The results obtained using multivariate statistics methods agree and distinguish certain parts of the tested plants based on the highest content of micro, macro, or trace elements.
The population from 25 villages in two municipalities on Rujan Mt. in southeastern Serbia (130 informants) was surveyed about human and ethnoveterinary medicine by completing a questionnaire ...containing general information about respondents and specific issues related to their applications. There were 2254 reports on the use of plants in human ethnopharmacology and 793 for ethnoveterinary medicine. The Informant Consensus Factor and comparison of ethnicity and gender for the most frequently reported plant taxa in human and ethnoveterinary medicine were calculated. Multivariate correspondence analysis was performed. A total of 101 medicinal plant taxa used in human ethnopharmacology and belonging to 42 families were recorded during the ethnobotanical research, of which 29 taxa are included in European Pharmacopoeia 10.2. The most frequently mentioned families were Asteraceae (502 reports) and Lamiaceae (404 reports).
Hypericum perforatum
L. (197 reports) and
Matricaria chamomilla
L. (164 reports) were the most used plant taxa. Among 17 categories, digestive (513 URs) and skin (331 URs) diseases were the most frequently reported. The research recorded 43 plant species used in ethnoveterinary medicine from 25 families. The most frequently mentioned families were Lamiaceae (6 reports) and Rosaceae (6 reports). The most used plant taxa were
Fraxinus ornus
L. (108 reports) and
Helleborus odorus
Waldst. & Kit. (80 reports). Among the six categories, the most reported diseases were digestive (267 reports), infectious (240 reports), and skin (159 reports). The present study contributes significantly to diversifying strategies in traditional human and ethnoveterinary medicine.
This study provides information on plants used for medicinal purposes in Pirot District (southeastern Serbia). The population of 157 villages in four municipalities of Pirot District (631 informants) ...completed questionnaires about the knowledge and use of medicinal herbs; the questionnaires included information about respondents and specific issues related to the applications of medicinal herbs. There were 4817 URs (use reports) on plants used for different ailments classified in various categories. The informant consensus factor (ICF) for the most frequently reported taxa and a comparison of nationality and gender in the use of plants for most frequent medical indications were calculated by ICF analysis. The overlap of plant taxa and URs recorded for three ethnic groups (Serbian, Bulgarian, and Roma) in the study area is also presented. Multivariate correspondence analysis was performed. A total of 182 medicinal plant taxa belonging to 68 families were recorded, of which 53 are included in European Pharmacopoeia 10.2. The most frequently mentioned families were Lamiaceae (1322 URs), and Compositae (899 URs).
Hypericum perforatum
and
Matricaria chamomilla
were the most used plant species. Aerial parts and leaves were the most frequently used plant parts. Infusion and oil extracts were the most reported preparations of medicinal herbs. Among 14 categories, respiratory (1235 URs), and digestive (911 URs) groups of diseases were the most frequently reported. Data on the knowledge and use of medicinal plants in Pirot District could be a good starting point for further ethnopharmacological investigations.
The chemical composition of the essential oil and the volatiles obtained by static headspace (HS) of Inula oculus-christi L. is presented. The GC-MS analysis of the hydrodistilled oil resulted in the ...identification of 90 components, representing 92.7% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were: caryophyllene oxide (9.8%), trans-longipinocarveol (9.2%), eucalyptol (7.3%) and intermedeol (6.2%). The major constituent of I. oculus-christi L. HS volatiles was eucalyptol (87.4%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by four different methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate free radical assay (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method, total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Total phenolic content in (TPC) examined oil was 177.95 µg GAE/mg oil. Radical scavenging potential of the oil was promising RSC-DPPH was 57.4% and RSC-ABTS was 82.7%.
The aim of the present study was a chemical and chemometric analysis of Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. essential oil during different stages of development, with emphasis on chemotaxonomy. The ...most abundant compound class in the S. kitaibelii oil during examined phenological stages was oxygenated monoterpenes (21.3-61.2%), except vegetative stage, in which monoterpene hydrocarbons are dominant (51.1%). Geraniol, limonene, p-cymene and borneol are the most abundant compounds of essential oil during different stages of development. The highest variation in content, during plant development, was shown by the most dominant component, geraniol (coefficient of variation 112.3%). Chemometric analysis indicated two chemotypes: limonene/p-cymene/geraniol and limonene/p-cymene/borneol. We are of the opinion that the three most abundant EO components should determine the chemotype. Our results lead to the conclusion that essential oil isolated from the plant in 1 month should not be used to determine the chemotype.
Glutathione-S transferases (GSTs) are xenobiotic-conjugation enzymes involved in the detoxification process of heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, widely recognized ...risk factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Polymorphism in GSTs often leads to alteration or complete lack of enzyme activity, which might have an effect on CRC carcinogenesis. Aim of this study was to investigate GST gene variants as risk factors in patients with CRC. A total of 523 CRC patients administered for surgical resection and 400 matched controls were included. Deletion polymorphism of GSTs M1 and T1 was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Single nucleotide polymorphism of GST A1 and P1 was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association between GST genotype and risk of CRC development was found in carriers of GSTT1-null and GSTP1-variant genotypes individually (
p
= 0.050 and
p
= 0.016, respectively). Furthermore, statistically significant association was found when combination of GSTP1-variant genotype with any of other three common GST genotypes was analyzed with respect to CRC susceptibility. Additionally, patients with combined GSTM1-null/GSTT1-null/GSTA1 low-activity/GSTP1-variant genotype showed 2.71-fold increased risk of developing CRC (
p
= 0.037). This study supports hypothesis that GST polymorphisms might have an important role in the process of the CRC development. Additionally, GSTM1-null/ GSTT1-null/ GSTA1 low-activity/ GSTP1-variant genotype could be combination of GST genotypes whose carriers are more prone to CRC development.
The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of ...the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.
Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Pirot County (Serbia) Marković, Marija S.; Pljevljakušić, Dejan S.; Nikolić, Biljana M. ...
South African journal of botany,
March 2021, 2021-03-00, Letnik:
137
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•The local inhabitants of Pirot County in Eastern Serbia were interviewed about plant's application in veterinary ethnopharmacology.•It was noticed 46 veterinary plants and 206 use reports.•It was ...found 22 plants not mentioned and 9 plants with different use in neighboring regions.•A good starting point for new phytopharmacological studies.
This paper provides essential information on medicinal plant uses in the veterinary ethnopharmacology of Pirot County in Eastern Serbia, known as a relatively isolated, multiethnic, and a traditional agricultural area. The aim of the study was to collect, analyze, and evaluate the medicinal plants' ethnoveterinary knowledge in a Pirot County (2761 km2, total 92,479 inhabitants, of which 34,672 in the rural area). The local inhabitants of the rural area were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire to determine how many of them are familiar with the plants' application in veterinary ethnopharmacology. Interviews were conducted in four municipalities of the Pirot County, where the samples of the local rural population included 631 respondents (mean age 50; 45.59% women, 53.41% men) at 144 sites, of which 148 respondents from 92 villages reported the use of plants in veterinary medicine. The data are presented in a tabular manner and include scientific and local names, the part used, pharmaceutical form, therapeutic indication, and mode of administration, followed with several reports. Furthermore, most frequently reported taxa are systemized for each therapeutic group municipality-wise with calculated informant consensus factor. A comparison with previously published data collected from surrounding territories on the Balkan Peninsula was performed by considering the Jaccard index. The survey revealed 192 plants used by the local population for various health indications, of which 46 species were reported for use in veterinary medicine. Plants reported for the treatment of health issues in livestock (206 reports) were distributed in 30 families out of which the main ones being Asteraceae (8 species), Lamiaceae (4 species), Rosaceae (4 species) and the most abundant were Asteraceae (43 reports), Hypericaceae (28 reports), Polygonaceae (26 reports) and Ranunculaceae (23 reports). The most frequently used plants in veterinary ethnopharmacology were Cichorium intybus, Hypericum perforatum, and Rumex patientia. Aerial plant parts were exploited more frequently than underground parts. The mode of administration was primarily oral in the water extract form. The primary reported therapeutic groups were diarrhea (98 reports), wounds (27 reports), dermatological diseases (scabies and pediculosis) (14 reports), and elevated temperature (10 reports). The use of 22 plant species was not reported in other ethnoveterinary surveys in the Balkan Peninsula. Knowledge of plants for veterinary use is still constrained among the population of the rural parts of Pirot County. The study identified plant species used by the local population to deal with health issues in domestic animals. The presented findings of this study can be a good starting point for new phytopharmacological investigations in the veterinary domain.
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