The Brazilian Pantanal biome is one of the largest and most important floodplains in the world by virtue of its biodiversity and indispensable ecological services on local, regional, and global ...scales. Despite this importance, many gaps remain concerning its biodiversity as well as its generation and maintenance mechanisms. In view of expanding the information about its biological diversity, we compiled a list of Myriapoda (Arthropoda) species occurring in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil, based on the records from literature and on the specimens available in the zoological collections of Federal University of Mato Grosso -UFMT. A total of 33 Myriapoda species were recorded in the region. The Diplopoda species (20 spp.; 60.6%) are distributed 'between four orders: Polydesmida, represented by five families (Chelodesmidae, notably, with three species; Paradoxosomatidae and Pyrgodesmidae, with two species each; and Cyrtodesmidae and Fuhrmannodesmidae, with one species each, recently recorded in the region); Spirostreptida, represented by Spirostreptidae, with eight species; Spirobolida, with two species (one Rhinocricidae and one not identified); and Polyxenida. The Chilopoda (10 spp.; 30.3%) belong to three orders: Scolopendromorpha, with four species of the family Scolopendridae, two Scolopocryptopidae species, and one Cryptopidae species; Geophilomorpha, with the families Aphilodontidae and Schendylidae, with one species each; and Lithobiomorpha, with one Henicopidae species. Symphyla was represented by only two species (6.1%) of the family Scutigerellidae; and Pauropoda (3.0%) by a single species of Pauropodidae. The Myriapoda species richness, as well as the high number of new records in recent studies reinforce the importance of the northern region of the Pantanal biome as a diversity center with potential priority for measures aimed at the conservation of its many habitats.
Resumo: O Pantanal de Mato Grosso é uma das maiores e mais importantes planícies de inundação do mundo, em relação à sua biodiversidade e aos seus indispensáveis serviços ecológicos em escalas locais, regionais e globais. Apesar dessa importância, existem, ainda, muitas lacunas sobre o conhecimento de sua biodiversidade, bem como de seus mecanismos geradores e mantenedores. Desse modo, a fim de contribuir com o conhecimento de sua diversidade biológica compilamos, com base na literatura e em espécimes disponíveis nas coleções e acervos zoológicos da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso-UFMT, uma lista de espécies de miriápodes (Arthropoda, Myriapoda) ocorrentes no Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Um total de 33 espécies de Myriapoda foi registrado como ocorrentes nessa região. As espécies de Diplopoda (20 spp.; 60,6%), estão distribuídas em quatro ordens. Polydesmida está representada por cinco famílias, com destaque para Chelodesmidae com três espécies, Paradoxosomatidae e Pyrgodesmidae, com duas espécies cada, além de Cyrtodesmidae e Fuhrmannodesmidae, com uma espécie cada, recentemente registradas para essa região; Spirostrepida representada por Spirostreptidae, com oito espécies; Spirobolida, com duas espécies (uma Rhinocricidae e uma não identificada); e Polyxenida. Os Chilopoda (10 spp.; 30,3%) estão distribuídos em três ordens: Scolopendromorpha, com quatro espécies da família Scolopendridae, duas espécies de Scolopocryptopidae e uma espécie de Cryptopidae; Geophilomorpha, com as famílias Aphilodontidae e Schendylidae, com uma espécie cada; e Lithobiomorpha, com uma única espécie de Henicopidae. Symphyla foi representada por apenas duas espécies (6,1%) da família Scutigerellidae e Pauropoda (3,0%) por uma única espécie de Pauropodidae. A riqueza de espécies de Myriapoda, bem como a alta proporção de novos registros em estudos recentes, reforçam a importância da região norte do Pantanal como um centro de diversidade com potencial prioridade às medidas de conservação de seus variados habitats.
Pseudoscorpions embrace a diverse group of arachnids with approximately 3 500 species that occur in various habitats, such as soil, leaf litter, caves and canopies. This study aimed at evaluating the ...relationship between the pseudoscorpion assemblages in soil, termite nests, tree trunks and canopies, as well as the temporal distribution as to the abundance and richness of species in these habitats. For this purpose different sampling techniques were applied in an integrated manner in distinct habitats of a seasonally flooded monodominant forest in the Northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data regarding the abundance and richness of assemblage species were organized by means of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). A total of 2 068 Pseudoscorpiones distributed in seven families and 18 species were captured. Chernetidae (8 spp.) and Withiidae (5 spp.) predominated, while Atemnidae, Cheiridiidae, Geogarypidae, Lechytiidae and Olpiidae were present with only one species each. Terrestrial fauna was more abundant (1 035 ind.; 50.0 % of the total catch) with three families and 10 species. In the arboreal fauna (712 ind.; 34.4 %), four families and 13 species were found. Termite mounds (321 ind.; 15.6 %) corresponded to the habitat with the least number of individuals, however, five families and nine species were identified, including Parachernes sp. 2, Geogarypus sp. and Olpiolum sp., not found in other analyzed habitats in this forest. The analyses did not show any temporal variation as to abundance or richness of Pseudoscorpiones in each evaluated habitat; however, the analysis showed that the edaphic environment (soil + termite nests), tree trunks and tree canopies are distinct habitats in relation to the composition of the assemblage. The occurrence of typical terricolous (e.g. Parawithius sp., Withiidae gen. sp. and Parachernes sp.) and other arboricolous (e.g. Cheiridium sp., Americhernes sp. and Lustrochernes sp.) species highlights the vertical stratification of the assemblage present in this floodplain forest in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso.
The evolutionary trajectories of insects and angiosperms appear to be intimately interconnected. Increases in the diversity of phytophagous beetles and angiosperms co-occur in the Mesozoic fossil ...record, and there is fossil evidence of pollinivory and pollination by insects, both in flowering plants and in gymnosperms. The oldest records of angiosperm pollination indicate flies as pollen vectors. A basal group of angiosperms, the order Magnoliales, has retained plesiomorphic characters such as dozens of pistils and stamens spiraling around the receptacle. In a family of this order, Annonaceae, over 90% of species are pollinated by beetles. In many Annonaceae species, flowers display wide spaces, referred to as floral chambers, where beetles can find shelter from weather conditions and predators, food in the form of pollen and tissues, and a mating site. Two basic types of floral chambers can be distinguished: small chambers visited by small beetles (Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidae, and Curculionidae) with diurnal and/or nocturnal activity and large and thermogenic floral chambers visited by beetles of the tribe Cyclocephalini (Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthidae). In the latter case, the heat that the flowers produce may serve as a resource for the beetles that visit them, resulting in smaller endothermy costs for the scarabs. This study reviewed the literature including PhD and MSc theses on cantharophilous Annonaceae in the Cerrado. In this biome, both types of associations are found, although cantharophilous Annonaceae represent a small portion of the plant species (<5%). Cantharophilous Annonaceae in the Cerrado share attributes according to the beetles that pollinate them: species pollinated by small beetles, for instance, may flower throughout the year, whereas Annonaceae pollinated by Cyclocephalini normally flower in the beginning of the rainy season (October/November), in synchrony with the phenological patterns of their pollinators. Cantharophilous Annonaceae flowers, regardless of their size, tend to have light colors and sweet and fruity odors. In addition to the lack of studies on the attraction of beetles by these floral characters, the taxonomic composition of the beetles that pollinate Annonaceae in the Cerrado is poorly known. This review attempts to discuss, in light of what has already been published, potential fields of investigation concerning pollinating beetles’ behavior and evolution.
Myriapods constitute important edaphic macrofauna taxa which dwell in different trophic levels and influence the dynamics of these environments. This study evaluated the variation in composition, ...richness and abundance of edaphic myriapod assemblages as a function of the distribution and structure of flooded and non-flooded habitats (spatial variation) and hydrological seasonality (temporal variation) in a floodplain of the northern Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas of the Poconé Pantanal, along an altitudinal and inundation gradient consisting of inundated and non-inundated habitats and different vegetation formations. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were delimited within each habitat type, where sampling was performed using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry, rising water, high water and receding water periods of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 549 millipedes were collected, consisting of 407 Diplopoda and 142 Chilopoda distributed in six orders, 12 families and 20 species. The assemblages composition varied throughout the seasonal periods, indicating that the rising water and dry periods differed from the high water and receding water periods. In addition to the variation between seasonal periods, myriapod richness and abundance also varied in relation to areas consisting of different vegetation formations. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrological seasonality associated with the inundation gradient and different vegetation types were determinant in the heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of myriapod assemblages, validating that the conservation of these invertebrates in the Pantanal is directly linked to the preservation of vegetation, and consequently, ecosystem integrity.
Resumo: Os miriápodes constituem importantes táxons da macrofauna edáfica atuando em diferentes níveis tróficos, influenciando a dinâmica desses ambientes. Este estudo avaliou a variação na composição, riqueza e abundância da assembleia de miriápodes edáficos em função da distribuição e estrutura de habitats inundáveis e não inundáveis (variação espacial) e da sazonalidade hidrológica (variação temporal) em uma planície de inundação na região norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas em três áreas no Pantanal de Poconé, em um gradiente altitudinal e de inundação, constituídas por habitats inundáveis e não inundáveis e por diferentes formações vegetacionais. Em cada tipo de habitat foram delimitados três quadrantes (10 x 10 m), onde foram efetuadas amostragens com armadilhas pitfall e Extrator mini-Winkler, ao longo dos períodos de seca, enchente, cheia e vazante, durante dois ciclos hidrológicos do Pantanal (2010/2011 e 2011/2012). Foram amostrados 549 miriápodes, dos quais 407 Diplopoda e 142 Chilopoda, distribuídos em seis ordens, 12 famílias e 20 espécies. A composição da assembleia variou ao longo dos períodos sazonais, indicando que a enchente e seca diferem da cheia e vazante. Além da variação entre os períodos sazonais, a riqueza e abundância de miriápodes variaram também em relação às áreas, constituídas por diferentes formações vegetacionais. Assim, pode-se concluir que a sazonalidade hidrológica associada ao gradiente de inundação e os diferentes tipos vegetacionais foram determinantes para a distribuição espacial e temporal heterogênea da assembleia de miriápodes, evidenciando que a conservação destes invertebrados no Pantanal está diretamente ligada à preservação da vegetação e, consequentemente, de sua integridade ecossistêmica.
The first record of the Orthoptera species Lerneca inalata for Brazil is presented here. The taxon is represented by a new subspecies Lerneca inalata beripocone subsp. nov. (Phalangopsidae, ...Luzarinae), collected in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This work includes morphological and morphometric data as well as descriptions of female genitalia and calling song. The new subspecies has as diagnostic features the male genitalia with six ventral spines on the B sclerite, the first spine having a subtle bifurcation; the mid-region of the strongly sclerotized pseudepiphallus; inclination of C sclerite with slightly concave curvature; tegmina-length ratio and the speculum (syn. mirror) width approximately three times the length of the apical area. The description of the female genitalia and the calling song is presented for the first time for the species Lerneca inalata. A distribution map covers the local occurrence of its subspecies.
We studied the occurrence of Pseudoscorpiones in the soil, leaf litter, and in canopies of a monodominant forest of Attalea phalerata at different seasons in the northern region of the Brazilian ...Pantanal. A total of 1197 pseudoscorpions from nine families and 16 species were sampled. Olpiidae, Chernetidae, and Geogarypidae predominated in soil and leaf litter. Chernetidae was the most abundant family in canopies. Soil and canopy corresponded to distinct habitats in relation to pseudoscorpion abundance and richness, with the canopies being the most diversified environment. These habitats are occupied in different ways by pseudoscorpion populations. Geogarypus sp. occurs in the edaphic environment during receding water and dry season, but can be found in canopies of A. phalerata exclusively during high water. This alternation in the use of the edaphic environments and canopies in the same area by pseudoscorpion species probably happens due to the strong seasonality of the Brazilian Pantanal.
Los Pseudoescorpiones comprenden un diversificado grupo de arácnidos con aproximadamente 3 500 especies que se han encontrado en varios hábitats como suelo, hojarasca, cuevas y copas de árboles. Este ...estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la relación entre la comunidad de Pseudoscorpiones presentes en el suelo, nidos de termitas (termiteros), troncos y copas de árboles, así como también la distribución temporal de la abundancia y riqueza de especies en estos hábitats. Para esto, se usaron diferentes técnicas de muestreo en hábitats de un Bosque Monodominante Estacionalmente Inundado en la región norte del Pantanal, Estado Mato Grosso, Brasil. Datos referentes a abundancia y riqueza de especies del ensamble fueron ordenados por Escalamiento Multidimensional No Métrico (NMDS). Fueron capturados 2 068 Pseudoscorpiones distribuidos en siete familias y 18 especies. Chernetidae (8 spp.) y Withiidae (5 spp.) predominaron. Mientras Atemnidae, Cheiridiidae, Geogarypidae, Lechytiidae y Olpiidae fueron registradas con una especie en cada una. La fauna terrícola fue más abundante (1 035 ind.; 50.0% de la captura total), con tres familias y 10 especies. Para la fauna arborícola (712 ind.; 34.4%), cuatro familias y 13 especies fueron registradas. Los termiteros (321 ind.; 15.6%) representaron el hábitat con menor número de individuos; sin embargo, fueron identificadas cinco familias y nueve especies, incluyendo Parachernes sp. 2, Geogarypus sp. y Olpiolum sp., que no se encuentra en otros hábitats analizados en este bosque. Los análisis estadísticos no evidenciaron variación temporal en la distribución de abundancia y riqueza de Pseudoscorpiones en cada hábitat evaluado; no obstante, demostraron que el ambiente edáfico (suelo y termiteros), troncos y copas de árboles son distintos en relación a la composición de la comunidad. La presencia de especies típicamente terrícolas (e.g. Parawithius sp., Withiidae gen. sp. y Parachernes sp.) y otras arborícolas (e.g. Cheiridium sp., Americhernes sp. y Lustrochernes sp.) evidencian una estratificación vertical de la comunidad de Pseudoscorpiones presente en Bosques Inundables del Pantanal brasileño. Palabras clave: áreas inundables, Chernetidae, distribución vertical, riqueza, Withiidae. Pseudoscorpions embrace a diverse group of arachnids with approximately 3 500 species that occur in various habitats, such as soil, leaf litter, caves and canopies. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between the pseudoscorpion assemblages in soil, termite nests, tree trunks and canopies, as well as the temporal distribution as to the abundance and richness of species in these habitats. For this purpose different sampling techniques were applied in an integrated manner in distinct habitats of a seasonally flooded monodominant forest in the Northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data regarding the abundance and richness of assemblage species were organized by means of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). A total of 2 068 Pseudoscorpiones distributed in seven families and 18 species were captured. Chernetidae (8 spp.) and Withiidae (5 spp.) predominated, while Atemnidae, Cheiridiidae, Geogarypidae, Lechytiidae and Olpiidae were present with only one species each. Terrestrial fauna was more abundant (1 035 ind.; 50.0% of the total catch) with three families and 10 species. In the arboreal fauna (712 ind.; 34.4%), four families and 13 species were found. Termite mounds (321 ind.; 15.6%) corresponded to the habitat with the least number of individuals, however, five families and nine species were identified, including Parachernes sp. 2, Geogarypus sp. and Olpiolum sp., not found in other analyzed habitats in this forest. The analyses did not show any temporal variation as to abundance or richness of Pseudoscorpiones in each evaluated habitat; however, the analysis showed that the edaphic environment (soil + termite nests), tree trunks and tree canopies are distinct habitats in relation to the composition of the assemblage. The occurrence of typical terricolous (e.g. Parawithius sp., Withiidae gen. sp. and Parachernes sp.) and other arboricolous (e.g. Cheiridium sp., Americhernes sp. and Lustrochernes sp.) species highlights the vertical stratification of the assemblage present in this floodplain forest in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (2): 445-459. Epub 2017 June 01. Key words: Chernetidae, flood areas, richness, vertical distribution, Withiidae.
Surface swimming behavior of the curculionid Ochetina uniformis Pascoe (Erirhininae, Stenopelmini) and Ludovix fasciatus (Gyllenhal) (Curculioninae, Erodiscini) Sousa, Wesley Oliveira de(Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Zoologia Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia)); Marques, Marinêz Isaac(Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia); Rosado-Neto, Germano Henrique(Universidade Federal do Paraná Departamento de Zoologia Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia)) ...
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia,
03/2007, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The swimming behavior exhibited by specimens of L. fasciatus and O. uniformis was analyzed frame-by-frame with video observation recorded with a digital camera, attached to a stereomicroscope. Adults ...of O. uniformis, an aquatic insect, swim with all three pairs of legs. During the process of swimming the majority of the abdomen and rostrum remain submerged, part of the fore and hind tibiae remain above the surface, while the mid tibiae remain submerged. The mesothoracic legs, during the power-stroke stage, provide the greatest thrust while the metathoracic legs provide the least forward propulsion. The prothoracic legs, extended forward, help to direct the swimming. The semi-aquatic specie L. fasciatus shows the same swimming style as O. uniformis, that is, with movement of all the three pairs of legs; the mesothoracic legs are responsible for the main propulsion. The insect body remains on the water surface during the process of swimming, while the legs remain submerged. Both species complete a swimming cycle in 0.33 and 0.32 seconds, respectively, with an average speed of 1.38 cm/s and a maximum and minimum swimming duration time of 11.15 and 5.05 minutes, respectively, for L. fasciatus. The swimming behavior exhibited by O. uniformis and L. fasciatus corresponds to the style known as a breast strokelike maneuver. This is the first record of this kind of swimming for both species here observed and increases to seven the number of genera of Curculionidae exhibiting this behavior.
O comportamento de nado exibido por indivíduos de L. fasciatus e O. uniformis foi analisado quadro a quadro através de imagens obtidas com o auxílio de uma câmera fotográfica digital com opção de vídeo, acoplada a um estereomicroscópio. Foi demonstrado que O. uniformis, espécie aquática, nada com o auxílio dos três pares de pernas. Durante este processo a maior parte do abdome e rostro localizam-se abaixo da superfície da água, parte das tíbias anteriores e posteriores acima da superfície, enquanto as médias permanecem submersas durante o nado. As pernas metatorácicas, durante a "braçada", impulsionam fracamente o inseto para frente, enquanto que as mesotorácicas são as responsáveis por uma maior propulsão. As pernas protorácicas, estendidas anteriormente, ajudam na orientação do nado. A espécie L. fasciatus, de hábito semi-aquático, apresenta o mesmo estilo de nado como em O. uniformis, também realizado com auxilio dos três pares de pernas, sendo as mesotorácicas, responsáveis pela maior propulsão. O corpo do inseto permanece na superfície da água durante todo o processo, porém as pernas encontram-se mergulhadas. Ambas as espécies, O. uniformis e L. fasciatus, completam um ciclo do nado em cerca de 0,33 e 0,32 segundos, respectivamente, com uma velocidade média de 1,38 cm/s e tempo máximo e mínimo de permanência de nado 11,15 e 5,05 minutos, respectivamente, para L. fasciatus. O comportamento de nado exibido por O. uniformis e L. fasciatus corresponde ao estilo de nado conhecido como manobra semelhante ao nado peito (breast strok-like maneuver). Trata-se do primeiro registro para ambas as espécies elevando para sete o número de gêneros de Curculionidae conhecidos com tal comportamento.
The plastron theory was tested in adults of Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, 1970, through the analysis of the structure that coats these insects' integument and also through submersion laboratorial ...experiments. The tegument processes were recognized in three types: agglutinated scales with large perforations, plumose scales of varied sizes and shapes, and hairs. The experiments were carried out on 264 adult individuals which were kept submerged at different time intervals (n = 11) and in two types of treatment, natural non-aerated water and previously boiled water, with four repetitions for each treatment. The tests showed a maximum mortality after 24 hours of immersion in the previously boiled water treatment. The survival of the adults was negative and significantly correlated with the types of treatment employed and within the different time intervals. The values of oxygen dissolved in water (mg/l) differed significantly within the types of treatment employed. They were positively correlated with the survival of the adults in the two types of treatment, although more markedly in the treatment with previously boiled water. The mortality of adults after 24 hours of submersion in the treatment with previously boiled water may be associated with the physical-chemical conditions of the non-tested water in this study, such as low surface tension and concentration of solutes. These results suggest plastron functionality in the adults of this species.
Studies that address biodiversity and its supporting mechanisms in different ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the relationships between species and the prevailing environmental conditions ...within each habitat type. This study presents information on the phenology of
Promestosomaboggianii
(Silvestri, 1898) and its association with seasonal flood and dry events in a floodplain of Mato Grosso’s northern Pantanal region, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas located between the Bento Gomes and Cuiabá rivers, on the Porto Cercado Road, Poconé-MT. Each sample area was composed of two treatments: (I) floodable habitats and (NI) non-floodable habitats. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were established within each treatment, with sampling carried out using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry season, rising water, high water and receding water phases for the duration of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 295
P.boggianii
individuals were sampled at different stages of development (except stages I and II), distributed between the rising water (209 ind., 70.8%), dry (76 ind., 25.8%) and receding water (10 ind., 3.4%) seasons. No specimens were sampled during the high water season. The higher abundances recorded between the dry and rising water seasons, primarily at early stages of development, indicate that
P.boggianii
is characterized as a univoltine species in these habitats. The data demonstrate that individuals of
P.boggianii
were more abundant in floodable habitats. In addition, the results show that the life cycle of this diplopod is sinchronized to the seasonal nature of this floodable environment, as a strategy to survive the extreme conditions of terrestrial and aquatic phases Brazil’s northern Pantanal region.
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