Logical cryptanalysis has been introduced by Massacci and Marraro as a general framework for encoding properties of crypto-algorithms into SAT problems, with the aim of generating SAT benchmarks that ...are controllable and that share the properties of real-world problems and randomly generated problems.
In this paper, spurred by the proposal of Cook and Mitchell to encode the factorization of large integers as a SAT problem, we propose the SAT encoding of another aspect of RSA, namely finding (i.e. faking) an RSA signature for a given message without factoring the modulus.
Given a small public exponent
e, a modulus
n and a message
m, we can generate a SAT formula whose models correspond to the
eth roots of
m modulo
n, without encoding the factorization of
n or other functions that can be used to factor
n. Our encoding can be used to either generate solved instances for SAT or both satisfiable and unsatisfiable instances.
We report the experimental results of three solvers,
HeerHugo by Groote and Warners,
eqsatz by Li, and
smodels by Niemela and Simmons, discuss their performances and compare them with standard methods based on factoring.
A series of K d tracer batch experiments were conducted in this paper to assess the absorptive-desorption properties of Biochar as a potential agent to selectively sequester labile soil Cs or ...otherwise help reduce the uptake of Cs isotopes into plants. A parallel experiment was conducted for strontium. Fine-grained fractionated Woodlands tree Biochar was found to have a relatively high affinity for Cs ions (K d > 100) relative to coral soil (K d < 10) collected from the Marshall Islands. The Biochar material also contains an abundance of K (and Mg). Finally, these findings support a hypothesis that the addition of Biochar as a soil amendment may provide a simple yet effective method for reducing soil-to-plant transfer of Cs isotopes in contaminated environments.
Anthracyclines are among the most active antineoplastic drugs developed to date, used both in the treatment of solid cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer and sarcomas, and of hematologic ...cancers. However, their clinical use is limited by cardiotoxicity, which is observed at a range of 0.4-41%. The risk of this side effect can be minimized by using cardioprotective agents, planning dosing schedules to lower the anthracycline peak plasma concentration, identifying and monitoring high-risk patients, keeping in mind that early anthracycline-induced histologic changes may be identified successfully by cardiac biopsy. Nonetheless, the challenge to increase the tumor response to chemotherapy while keeping low the cardiac risk may be now met by the use of a recently introduced polyethylene glycol-coated (pegylated) liposomal doxorubicin (PLD). Here, we review the pharmacologic properties of PLD as well as the results of phases I, II and III trials demonstrating activity and low cardiac toxicity associated with the use of this novel drug.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydroxyfarrerol (IdB 1031) in biological samples was developed. IdB 1031 was first extracted by liquid-solid partition and ...the extracts were evaporated and analysed on a reversed-phase column under isocratic conditions, using either an electrochemical or a UV detector. The detection limit was ca. 5 ng/ml. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data showed that rats treated orally with 500 mg/kg had an average peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 497 ng/ml after 2 h.
Sensors are the less durable parts in any chemical sensor system, then the replacement of sensors maintaining hardware and data processing is a necessity in real applications. Though sensors ...replacement requires a perfect reproducibility of the sensors fabrication. Among the different sensor technologies, those based on optical transduction may offer a straightforward methodology to release the requirement of identical sensor manufacturing. In particular it will be shown here that the use of image sensor provides a surprising parallel with natural olfaction. An important consequence is that the data processing is independent from the geometric arrangement of the sensitive layer. This feature leads to a simple sensor layer replacement and to a prompt arrangement of different sensor systems, even remotely located, into a single data processing system.
Androstenone is a major natural contaminant in pork meat. Its presence, normally located in the fat tissues, results from the hormones productions connected to the sexual maturity of male pigs. Its ...presence produces an unpleasant odour, the boar taint. This odour, and flavour in cooked meat, is a strongly perceived by most of the consumers, and it reduces remarkably the quality of meat. Currently available methods, based on enzymatic tests, require long preparation and measurement time. Here a fast screening method based on the thickness shear mode resonators based chemical sensors technology is proposed to measure the presence of volatile part of androstenone from pork fat. Sensitivity and resolutions are comparable with those of human olfaction as it will be demonstrated in the paper.
Resumo Este estudo aborda os efeitos do processamento na microestrutura e nas propriedades de compósitos alumina-mulita via sinterização reativa de uma mistura argila caulinítica e hidróxido de ...alumínio. Amostras prensadas a 40 MPa foram sinterizadas entre 1300 e 1600 °C. As propriedades tecnológicas foram determinadas em função da temperatura de sinterização. A avaliação das fases cristalinas e da microestrutura foi realizada por difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica. Os resultados indicaram a obtenção de mulita e alumina a partir de 1300 °C. Para sinterizações acima de 1450 °C foram obtidos valores de porosidade aparente inferiores a 0,8% e tensão de ruptura à flexão superior a 40 MPa. Amostras com morfologia bimodal (grãos equiaxiais e alongados) e resistência mecânica de 70 MPa foram obtidas após sinterização a 1600 °C. Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de preparar compósitos alumina-mulita de baixo custo e com propriedades tecnológicas compatíveis com as de cerâmicas produzidas por companhias com grande atuação no mercado internacional de produtos refratários.
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