In this paper, we studied and validated a simple heart beat classifier based on ECG feature models selected with the focus on an improved generalization capability. We considered features from the RR ...series, as well as features computed from the ECG samples and different scales of the wavelet transform, at both avail able leads. The classification performance and generalization were studied using publicly available databases: the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, the MIT-BIH Supraventricular Arrhythmia, and the St. Pe tersburg Institute of Cardiological Technics (INCART) databases. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation recommendations for class labeling and results presentation were followed. A floating feature selection algorithm was used to obtain the best performing and generalizing models in the training and validation sets for different search configurations. The best model found comprehends eight features, was trained in a partition of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, and was evaluated in a completely disjoint partition of the same database. The results obtained were: global accuracy of 93%; for normal beats, sensitivity (S) 95%, positive predictive value (P + ) 98%; for supraventricular beats, S 11%, P + 39%; and for ventricular beats S 81%, P + 87%. In order to test the generalization capability, performance was also evaluated in the INCART, with results comparable to those obtained in the test set. This classifier model has fewer features and performs better than other state-of-the-art methods with results suggesting better generalization capability.
Gender‐responsive budgeting (GRB) has been introduced in over 80 countries to mitigate gender inequities. We evaluate if these reforms can influence policy making and enhance gender‐oriented ...accountability. Our analysis follows the process‐tracing methodology and includes over 20 in‐depth interviews. Our findings show significant public administration obstacles to GRB, but success is possible in institutions with proper leadership, human, and technological resources. This study advances our understanding of the operational limits of GRB, highlights areas for future research on equity‐oriented reforms, and sheds light on issues that practitioners need to account for as they strive to further gender equity.
Resumen
El presupuesto sensible al género (GRB, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha introducido en más de 80 países para mitigar las desigualdades de género. En este estudio evaluamos si estas reformas pueden influir en la formulación de políticas y mejorar la rendición de cuentas orientada al género. Nuestro análisis se basa en la metodología de process‐tracing e incluye más de veinte entrevistas en profundidad. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que debilidades de la administración pública resultan en obstáculos significativos para el GRB, pero también que las reformas de GRB pueden ser exitosas en instituciones con los niveles apropiados de liderazgo, recursos humanos y sistemas tecnológicos. Este estudio avanza nuestra comprensión de los límites operativos del GRB, destaca áreas para futuras investigaciones sobre reformas orientadas a la equidad y clarifica los obstáculos que los funcionarios públicos deben tener en cuenta a medida que se esfuerzan por promover la equidad de género.
Tomato Fruit Development and Metabolism Quinet, Muriel; Angosto, Trinidad; Yuste-Lisbona, Fernando J ...
Frontiers in plant science,
11/2019, Letnik:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tomato (
L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and is the second most important fruit or vegetable crop next to potato (
L.). It is cultivated for fresh fruit and processed products. Tomatoes contain ...many health-promoting compounds including vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. In addition to its economic and nutritional importance, tomatoes have become the model for the study of fleshy fruit development. Tomato is a climacteric fruit and dramatic metabolic changes occur during its fruit development. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of tomato fruit metabolism. We begin by detailing the genetic and hormonal control of fruit development and ripening, after which we document the primary metabolism of tomato fruits, with a special focus on sugar, organic acid, and amino acid metabolism. Links between primary and secondary metabolic pathways are further highlighted by the importance of pigments, flavonoids, and volatiles for tomato fruit quality. Finally, as tomato plants are sensitive to several abiotic stresses, we briefly summarize the effects of adverse environmental conditions on tomato fruit metabolism and quality.
Aim: To identify periodontal bacterial DNA (PBDNA) by PCR in subgingival dental plaque (SDP), serum and synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with periodontal disease (PD) patients and to ...explore the possible PBDNA transport pathways from mouth to joints.
Methods: This cross‐sectional prolective study involved 19 subjects with RA and PD. Informed consent, health and dental questionnaires were obtained. SDP, SF and serum samples were obtained, and leucocytes were isolated from blood. DNA was extracted and PCR assays to detect main PD species were carried out. Cultures on agar plates and broth, from each sample, were performed.
Results: Hundred percentage of patients showed PBDNA in SDP and SF and 83.5% in serum. Prevotella intermedia (89.4% and 73.6%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (57.8% and 42.1%) were the species most frequently detected in SDP and SF, respectively. In SDP, 4.05 different bacterial species were found followed by 1.19 in serum and 2.26 in SF. Culture onto agar plates and broth did not show any bacterial growth, leucocytes were not positive to PBDNA by PCR.
Conclusion: This study suggests that PBDNA could have a role on the RA aetiology. The possible pathway of transport of PBDNA from mouth to joints could be via the free form of DNA.
This study tackles the ECG classification problem by means of a methodology, which is able to enhance classification performance while simultaneously reducing the computational resources, making it ...specially adequate for its application in the improvement of ambulatory settings. For this purpose, the sequential forward floating search (SFFS) algorithm is applied with a new criterion function index based on linear discriminants. This criterion has been devised specifically to be a quality indicator in ECG arrhythmia classification. Based on this measure, a comprehensive feature set is analyzed with the SFFS algorithm, and the most suitable subset returned is additionally evaluated with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to assess the robustness of the model. Aiming at obtaining meaningful estimates of the real-world performance and facilitating comparison with similar studies, the present contribution follows the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard EC57:1998 and the same interpatient division scheme used in several previous studies. Results show that by applying the proposed methods, the performance obtained in similar studies under the same constraints can be exceeded, while keeping the requirements suitable for ambulatory monitoring.
The stabilization of elusive monomeric species containing multiple boron‐chalcogen bonds has motivated the investigation of sophisticated ligand systems in the past few years. Recently, a series of ...neutral, Lewis acid‐free chalcogenboranes were prepared by incorporation of an amido imidazoline‐2‐imine as the supporting ligand (Frank et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 4633), resulting in well‐defined molecular entities with pronounced multiple bond character, B=X (X=O, S, Se, Te). In view of the potential use of N‐heterocyclic boranes (NHB=X) as ligands in catalysis and fine chemistry, we evaluated in this work the bonding properties of the new B=X compounds based on a π‐backdonation model. The electronic properties of systems in question were modulated via systematic modifications of the NHB ring with respect to ligand variation, saturation, size, and heteroatom substitutions. Investigations into the B=X bond length and order, calculated by means of density functional theory methods, reveal enhanced B=X bonding properties for NHB rings with high electron delocalization in the NHB ring and bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents; a fact that was also confirmed by computational assessment of electron interactions of the B=X species with a dicarbonyl manganese complex. We expect that the analysis will contribute to the rational optimization of existing ligands as well as the development of new moieties, which would further allow for exploration of new boron chemistry.
Electronic effects in the boron‐chalcogen multiple bonds through ligand variation of a series of new chalcogenboranes stabilized by N,N’‐chelating amido imidazoline‐2‐imine ligands were studied by DFT approach. Electron‐withdrawing substituents and electron delocalization yield the shortest B=X bond lengths and the highest B=X bond orders.
An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 in China leading to a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Clinical, laboratory, and imaging features ...have been partially characterized in some observational studies. No systematic reviews on COVID-19 have been published to date.
We performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, using three databases to assess clinical, laboratory, imaging features, and outcomes of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Observational studies and also case reports, were included, and analyzed separately. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate pooled prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
660 articles were retrieved for the time frame (1/1/2020-2/23/2020). After screening, 27 articles were selected for full-text assessment, 19 being finally included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Additionally, 39 case report articles were included and analyzed separately. For 656 patients, fever (88.7%, 95%CI 84.5–92.9%), cough (57.6%, 95%CI 40.8–74.4%) and dyspnea (45.6%, 95%CI 10.9–80.4%) were the most prevalent manifestations. Among the patients, 20.3% (95%CI 10.0–30.6%) required intensive care unit (ICU), 32.8% presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (95%CI 13.7–51.8), 6.2% (95%CI 3.1–9.3) with shock. Some 13.9% (95%CI 6.2–21.5%) of hospitalized patients had fatal outcomes (case fatality rate, CFR).
COVID-19 brings a huge burden to healthcare facilities, especially in patients with comorbidities. ICU was required for approximately 20% of polymorbid, COVID-19 infected patients and hospitalization was associated with a CFR of >13%. As this virus spreads globally, countries need to urgently prepare human resources, infrastructure and facilities to treat severe COVID-19.
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