•Oral cancer’s primary strategy is based on prevention.•Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced cancer staging (III and IV).•AI could assist in oral cancer diagnosis, but few studies have been ...conducted.•A convoluted neural network has been training based on photographic images.•The accuracy results are acceptable and compatible with recent literature.
Oral cancer could be prevented. The primary strategy is based on prevention. Most patients with oral cancer present to the hospital network with advanced staging and a low chance of cure. This condition may be related to physicians' difficulty of making an early diagnosis. With the advancement of information technology, artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise in terms of assisting in diagnosis. Few machine learning algorithms have been developed for this purpose to date. In this paper, we will discuss the possibilities for diagnosing oral cancer using AI as a tool, as well as the implications for the population. A set of photographic images of oral lesions has been segmented, indicating not only the area of the lesion but also the class of lesion associated with it. Different neural network architectures were trained with the goal of fine segmentation (pixel by pixel), classification of image crops, and classification of whole images based on the presence or absence of a lesion. The accuracy results are acceptable, opening up possibilities not only for identifying lesions but also for classifying the pathology associated with them.
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exert their effects through multiprotein signaling complexes. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is among the most abundant GPCRs in the mammalian brain and ...involved in a plethora of physiological functions. We used a combination of viral-mediated cell type-specific expression of a tagged CB1 fusion protein (CB1-SF), tandem affinity purification (TAP) and proteomics on hippocampal mouse tissue to analyze the composition and differences of CB1 protein complexes in glutamatergic neurons and in GABAergic interneurons. Purified proteins underwent tryptic digestion and were identified using deep-coverage data-independent acquisition with ion mobility separation-enhanced mass spectroscopy, leading to the identification of 951 proteins specifically enriched in glutamatergic and GABAergic CB1-SF TAP samples as compared to controls. Gene Ontology and protein network analyses showed an enrichment of single proteins and functional clusters of proteins involved in already well described domains of CB1 functions. Supported by this consistent data set we could confirm already known CB1 interactors, reveal new potentially interacting proteins and differences in cell type-specific signaling properties of CB1, thereby providing the foundation for further functional studies on differential CB1 signaling.
RADICULAR CYST MIMETIZING LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST PRETO, Kaique Alberto; REIA, Verônica Caroline Brito; TOBIAS, Mattheus Augusto Siscotto ...
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology,
June 2024, 2024-06-00, Letnik:
137, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The radicular cyst is the most common inflammatory odontogenic cyst, typically arising in the periapical region due to endodontic infection. However, it can also manifest laterally to the root, ...mimicking the presentation of a lateral periodontal cyst. Here, we present a case involving a 75-year-old white male who complained of pain in an endodontically treated tooth (tooth 44), which exhibited coronal destruction and gum edema. Radiographically, a circular radiolucent area surrounded by a radiopaque halo was evident at the mesial cervical third of the tooth. Surgical removal of the tooth, along with the cystic lesion adhered laterally to the root, was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed a virtual cystic cavity lined by stratified squamous epithelium, with fibrous connective tissue and a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate within the cystic capsule. The final diagnosis confirmed a radicular cyst. Diagnosing a radicular cyst occurring laterally can be challenging due to its radiological resemblance to a lateral periodontal cyst. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, clinical and histopathological correlation is essential.
A 57-year-old white man with a history of sun exposure presented with a complaint of a "lesion on the lip that sometimes gets better," with an evolution of 1 year. Physical examination: dry lips, ...loss of mucocutaneous border on the lower lip, sessile nodule of 1 cm, yellowish, reddish borders, well-defined, crusted surface, painless, on the right side. The diagnostic hypotheses were keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopy showed fibrous connective tissue, numerous epithelial islets with dysplasia, in the center keratin accumulations, corneal beads surrounded by intense mononuclear or polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrate, without solar elastosis. Suprajacent, hyperkeratinized stratified epithelial lining, sometimes with a verrucous appearance resulting in keratin-filled endophytic channels. After 7 days of the biopsy, there was erythema, expected tissue repair, and in 3 months, complete disappearance of the lesion and the presence of a scar in the region. Final diagnosis of keratoacanthoma, complex due to the significant histological similarities with SCC, but with an elucidative clinical response in the diagnosis."
The cannabinoid type 1 receptor (
Cnr1
, CB1R) mediates a plethora of physiological functions in the central nervous system as a presynaptic modulator of neurotransmitter release. The recently ...identified cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a (
Cnrip1a
, CRIP1a) binds to the C-terminal domain of CB1R, a region known to be important for receptor desensitization and internalization. Evidence that CRIP1a and CB1R interact in vivo has been reported, but the neuroanatomical distribution of CRIP1a is unknown. Moreover, while alterations of hippocampal CRIP1a levels following limbic seizures indicate a role in controlling excessive neuronal activity, the physiological function of CRIP1a in vivo has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the spatial distribution of CRIP1a in the hippocampus and examined CRIP1a as a potential modulator of CB1R signaling. We found that
Cnrip1a
mRNA is co-expressed with
Cnr1
mRNA in pyramidal neurons and interneurons of the hippocampal formation. CRIP1a protein profiles were largely segregated from CB1R profiles in mossy cell terminals but not in hippocampal CA1 region. CB1R activation induced relocalization to close proximity with CRIP1a. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of CRIP1a specifically in the hippocampus revealed that CRIP1a modulates CB1R activity by enhancing cannabinoid-induced G protein activation. CRIP1a overexpression extended the depression of excitatory currents by cannabinoids in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and diminished the severity of chemically induced acute epileptiform seizures. Collectively, our data indicate that CRIP1a enhances hippocampal CB1R signaling in vivo.
TMEM132D is a candidate gene, where risk genotypes have been associated with anxiety severity along with higher mRNA expression in the frontal cortex of panic disorder patients. Concurrently, in a ...high (HAB) and low (LAB) trait anxiety mouse model, Tmem132d was found to show increased expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) of HAB as compared to LAB mice. To understand the molecular underpinnings underlying the differential expression, we sequenced the gene and found two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter differing between both lines which could explain the observed mRNA expression profiles using gene reporter assays. In addition, there was no difference in basal DNA methylation in the CpG Island that encompasses the HAB vs. LAB Tmem132d promoter region. Furthermore, we found significantly higher binding of RNA polymerase II (POLR2A) to the proximal HAB-specific SNP (rs233264624) than the corresponding LAB locus in an oligonucleotide pull-down assay, suggesting increased transcription. Virus mediated overexpression of Tmem132d in the aCC of C57BL/6 J mice could confirm its role in mediating an anxiogenic phenotype. To model gene-environmental interactions, HAB mice exposed to enriched environment (HAB-EE) responded with decreased anxiety levels but, had enhanced Tmem132d mRNA expression as compared to standard-housed HAB (HAB-SH) mice. While LAB mice subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (LAB-UCMS) exhibited higher anxiety levels and had lower mRNA expression compared to standard-housed LAB (LAB-SH) mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed significantly higher binding of POLR2A to rs233264624 in HAB-EE, while LAB-UCMS had lower POLR2A binding at this locus, thus explaining the enhanced or attenuated expression of Tmem132d compared to their respective SH controls. To further investigate gene-environment interactions, DNA methylation was assessed using Illumina 450 K BeadChip in 74 panic disorder patients. Significant methylation differences were observed in two CpGs (cg26322591 and cg03283235) located in TMEM132D depending on the number of positive life events supporting the results of an influence of positive environmental cues on regulation of Tmem132d expression in mice.
This systematic review aimed to analyze the clinicopathological profile and relevant prognostic factors of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients. The search was carried out in the ...electronic search portals PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search yielded studies that were then analyzed regarding study topic, data extraction, and risk of bias using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies) guidelines. Finally, three studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the cases involved embryonic and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Expression of MYOD1 was highly correlated with diagnosis of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma, which appears to have a poor prognosis in children. Furthermore, tumor size <5 cm and absence of metastasis accompanied by complete resection and administration of adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy favored a better prognosis.
•AI could assist in oral cancer diagnosis, more studies have been conducted in recent years.•Quality of the collected data can directly affect the Convoluted Neural Network diagnosis performance.•A ...standardized protocol for image capture is needed.
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