Recent theoretical proposals suggest that strain can be used to engineer graphene electronic states through the creation of a pseudo-magnetic field. This effect is unique to graphene because of its ...massless Dirac fermion-like band structure and particular lattice symmetry (C₃v). Here, we present experimental spectroscopic measurements by scanning tunneling microscopy of highly strained nanobubbles that form when graphene is grown on a platinum (111) surface. The nanobubbles exhibit Landau levels that form in the presence of strain-induced pseudo-magnetic fields greater than 300 tesla. This demonstration of enormous pseudo-magnetic fields opens the door to both the study of charge carriers in previously inaccessible high magnetic field regimes and deliberate mechanical control over electronic structure in graphene or so-called "strain engineering."
Older men and women respond to local and reflex-mediated heat stress with an attenuated increase in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC). This study was performed to test the hypothesis that an ...augmented or sustained noradrenergic vasoconstriction (VC) may play a role in this age-related difference. Fifteen young (22 +/- 1 yr) and 15 older (66 +/- 1 yr) men exercised at 50% peak oxygen uptake in a 36 degrees C environment. Skin perfusion was monitored at two sites on the right forearm by laser-Doppler flowmetry: one site pretreated with bretylium tosylate (BT) to block the local release of norepinephrine and thus VC and an adjacent control site. Blockade of reflex VC was verified during whole body cooling using a water-perfused suit. CVC (perfusion divided by mean arterial pressure) at each site was reported as a percentage of the maximal CVC (%CVCmax) induced at the end of each experiment by prolonged local heating at 42 degrees C. Neither age nor BT affected the %CVCmax (75-86%) attained at high core temperatures. During the early rise phase of CVC, the %CVCmax-change in esophageal temperature (delta T(es)) curve was shifted to the right in the older men (effective delta T(es) associated with 50% CVC response for young, 0.22 +/- 0.04 and 0.39 +/- 0.04 degrees C and for older, 0.73 +/- 0.04 and 0.85 +/- 0.04 degrees C at control and BT sites, respectively). BT had no interactive effect on this age difference, suggesting a lack of involvement of the VC system in the attenuated CVC response of individuals over the age of 60 yr. Additionally, increases in skin vascular conductance were quantitatively compared by measuring increases in total forearm vascular conductance (FVC, restricted to the forearm skin under these conditions). After the initial approximately 0.2 degrees C increase in T(es), FVC was 40-50% lower in the older men (P < 0.01) for the remainder of the exercise. Decreased active vasodilator sensitivity to increasing core temperature, coupled with structural limitations to vasodilation, appears to limit the cutaneous vascular response to exertional heat stress in older subjects.
We report a single institution phase I trial of chimeric (mouse-human) monoclonal antibody (chL6) directed against a tumor-associated cell surface antigen expressed in non-small cell lung, colon, and ...breast cancer. The results of the study were contrasted with a previous trial of murine L6. ChL6 was administered intravenously to 18 patients with advanced cancer as a single, 4-16 infusion in doses ranging from 350 mg/m2 to 700 mg/m2. One patient received four weekly doses of 350 mg/m2. Patients were followed for side effects, localization of antibody to tumor cells, pharmacokinetics and the development of antibodies against chL6. Side effects associated with treatment were chills, fever, and nausea, which lasted 24-48 hours. Platelet count and absolute leukocyte count fell immediately after treatment, but returned to pretreatment levels by day 7. Localization of chL6 to tumor cells in vivo was seen at 350 mg/m2 and "saturation" at 700 mg/m2 and 350 mg/m2 per week x 4. The pharmacokinetics of this antibody appeared similar to its murine analogue. Human antibodies against chL6 were detected in only 4 of 18 patients. These antibodies were directed against murine variable regent and their titers were lower than those occurring in most patients who received murine L6 in an earlier trial. No tumor reductions were seen. Chimeric L6 appears to be a suitable antibody for delivering anti-tumor agents because of its low immunogenicity and favorable in vivo tumor binding characteristics.
Books reviewed Zieger, Robert H.; Conrad, David E.; Scheinberg, Stephen ...
Labor History,
19/9/1/, Letnik:
10, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
The Slavic Community on Strike: Immigrant Labor in Pennsylvania Anthracite. By Victor R. Greene. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. 1968. 260 pp. $6.95.
The Troubled Farmer, Rural ...Adjustment to Industralism, 1850-1900. By Earl W. Hayter. Dekalb: Northern Illinois Press, 1968, 349 pp. $8.50.
Wages in Practice and Theory: McCormick and International Harvester, 1860-1960. By Robert Ozanne. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1968. 181 pp. $7.50.
The Mooney Case. By Richard H. Frost. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1968. 563 pp. $12.50.
Scottsboro: A tragedy of the American South. By Dan T. Carter. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969. 421 pp. $10.
Senator Robert F. Wagner and the Rise of Urban Liberalism. By J. Joseph Huthmacher. New York: Antheneum Press, 1968. 362 pp. $10.00.
Sit Down in Anderson: UAW Local 663, Anderson, Indiana. By Claude E. Hoffman. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1968. 124 pp. $4.95.
Labor and the Legal Process. By Harry H. Wellington. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1968. 409 pp. $10.00.
Dissent: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism. Edited by Alfred F. Young. DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. 1968. 388 pp. $7.00.
History of Socialism. By Harry W. Laidler. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. 1968. 970 pp. $12.50.
Poverty: Views from the Left. Edited by Jeremy Larner and Irving Howe. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1968. 310 pp. $5.00.
Economics of Dissent. By Ben B. Seligman. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1968. 429 pp. $10.00.
The Labor Sector and Socialist Distribution in Cuba. By Carmelo Mesa-Lago. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1968. 250 pp. $15.00.
The Minutes of Edinburgh Trades Council 1859-1873. Edited by Ian Mac-Dougall. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society, 1968. Annual subscription 42s.
Labor Relations in the Netherlands, by John P. Windmuller. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press. 1969. 469 pp. $14.00.
Memoires, 1896-1934. Le Chemin que j'ai choisi: De Verdun au Parti com-muniste. By Jacques Duclos. Paris: Fayard. 1968. 434 pp. 20 F.
Crisis and Decline: The French Socialist Party in the Popular Front Era. By Nathaniel Greene. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 1969. 361 pp. $11.00.
The Tragic Week: A Study of Anticlericalism in Spain, 1875-1912. By Joan Connelly Ullman. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968. 441 pp. $9.50.
Trade Unionism in Greece: A Study in Political Paternalism. By Christos Jecchinis. Chicago: Labor Education Division, Roosevelt University, 1967. 205 pp. $2.95.
