Animal models demonstrating skeletal muscle (SM) disorders are rarely investigated, although these disorders accompany liver disorders and can occur during prolonged exercise/training. In cases of SM ...disorders exogenous antioxidants, such as melatonin, could help by generally improving tissues antioxidant capacities. We aimed to analyze the potential of melatonin in preventing biochemical and structural changes in rat biceps muscle (BM) occurring after an acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Biceps muscles obtained from male Wistar rats belonging to different experimental groups were biochemically (determination of tissue MDA, total antioxidant capacity, GSH, CAT, SOD and GPx activities) and pathologically analyzed. Also, serum levels of potassium, LHD and CK were analyzed in all experimental animals. The obtained results were statically compared with those from vehicle-treated control group. The applied melatonin prevented potassium and intracellular enzyme leakage (CK and LDH) that was induced by CCl4, as well as an increase in tissue MDA. From a panel of determined oxidative stress parameters melatonin was able to statistically significantly prevent changes in total antioxidative capacity and in CAT, SOD and GPx activities induced by CCl4. Microscopic analysis of BM from the animals exposed to CCl4 revealed significant muscle fiber disorganization and massive inflammatory cell infiltration. All these changes were significantly ameliorated in the group that received melatonin prior to CCl4. Changes in serum and tissue biochemical parameters accompanied the observed pathological changes, which demonstrated a significant influence of melatonin in preventing skeletal muscle damage induced by CCl4.
The subject of this research refers to development of management in sport throughout history of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee. Analysis of the work of the ...Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee and presentation of their structures, cooperation with international and national sports organisations, ways of encouragement of the world-class professional sport development, different in their duration but with common interweaving activities, definitely represented a research challenge. A very specific challenge is a comon poliical past hence social patterns that are characterisitic for both states. These paterns are still very present in everyday political life which indirectly influences the work of majority of national bodies includin olympic committees thus their organization and proper functioning. A very specific challenge is a common political past hence social patterns that are characteristics for both states. These patterns are still very present in everyday political life which indirectly influences the work of majority of national bodies including Olympic committees thus their organization and proper functioning. The aim of this research was to determine the importance of work of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee from the aspect of management. Development of management in sports throughout history on examples of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee was defined by this scientific research. Its results point to the fact that degree of development of management in sports of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee was conditioned by length of their membrship in the International Olympic Committee. Besides this, it was confirmed that the influence of technological, economic and political challenges for management of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee were the same; that carrying out the Olympic movement projects of different scopes as well as propagation of the Olympic values were equally present in the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee. Importance of the research is reflected in academic and scientific perspective of work of the Olympic Committee of Serbia and the Montenegrin Olympic Committee. This survey will help future experts in sports organizations to apply their management in sport models successfully in their sports organizations.
The Monte Carlo method was used for quantitative structure–activity relationships modeling of 36 quinoline/isoquinoline derivatives acting as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Quantitative ...structure–activity relationships models were calculated with the representation of the molecular structure by the simplified molecular input-line entry system with one random split into the training and the test set. The statistical quality of the developed model was good. The best calculated quantitative structure–activity relationships model had the following statistical parameters:
r
2
= 0.9573 for the training set and
r
2
= 0.9079 for the test set. Structural indicators defined as molecular fragments responsible for increases and decreases in the inhibition activity were calculated. The computer-aided design of new compounds as potential dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors with the application of defined structural alerts was presented.
The influence of physical training on bodies of athletes leads to changes that can be characterized as morphological, functional, electrophysiological and psychological. Dynamic exercise, such as ...running, swimming and riding a bicycle, leads to volume load of heart. Static exercise (gymnastics, weightlifting, wrestling) leads to the development of relatively large muscle force, with or without changes in muscle length and movement of the joint. Given the frequent number of sudden cardiac death cases in sport, it is important to distinguish between changes of the heart that occur as a result of adaptation to physical activity and changes due to some pathological conditions. The aim of this paper is to present the latest information on changes in ECG parameters depending on the load of athletes while performing aerobic trainings in order to better identify markers of adverse cardiovascular events, particularly sudden death in athletes. It is common to see on the ECG of athletes at rest hypertrophy of the left and right ventricle, interventricular conduction disorder, positive ST changes, and short-term tachycardia. Changes that occur in athletes are due to increased vagal tone and suppression of sympathetic nerve regulation. Many changes can be attributed to intrinsic cardiac component that is responsible for the lower frequency of athlete's heart deinnervation (with atropine or propranolol), which means that intense training influences how the autonomic regulation and the intrisic cardiac pacemaker function. It is common for athletes to have sinus bradycardia, sinus arrhythmia, first degree AV block and Mobitz I, as well as junctional rhythm, ST segment elevation, high and sharp, or biphasic T-waves, while ST depression or isolated T-wave inversion are less common. They can also have increased amplitude of P-wave and QRS complex, QRS axis rotation to the right and incomplete right branch block. Some but insufficient data tell about the presence of the third-degree AV block and atrial and ventricular ectopic beats and their predictive role for malignant rhythm disorders.
Insufficient physical activity in the world annually is the cause of death of 1.9 million people. According to the data from the World Health Report, physical inactivity is about to become the global ...problem. Regular physical activity and good physical shape raise the functional capacity and the quality of patient’s life. With physical activity it is possible to improve metabolic, endothelial, lateral-muscular, pulmonary and cardiovascular functions of an organism, but also the function of the autonomous nervous system. The endothelium has the important role in maintaining the normal cardiovascular tonus and blood fluidity by reducing the platelet activity and the adhesion of leukocytes, and also by restricting the reaction of vascular inflammation. The aim of this paper was to present the recent data about effects of cardiovascular rehabilitation and physical training on lipoproteins’ status and markers of endothelial function. The impact of physical activity on the lipid status is accomplished by affecting the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism, including the lipoprotein and the liver lipase and the movable protein of cholesterol ester (11). The studies point out that aerobic physical activity result in increasing of HDL concentration and the decrease of the triglycerides value, total and LDL cholesterol. The connection, which is dose-dependant, exists between physical activity and the lipid level, as the arguments which suggest that the duration of physical activity is the key parameter in modification of the lipid metabolism. Physical activity leads to the beneficial changes in the cardiovascular and lipid indicators and improves the endothelial function in the secondary prevention of coronary disease. Reduction of the lipid parameters by introducing physical rehabilitation and dietetic regime lie in the basis of secondary prevention of coronary disease. Furthermore, there is a constant improvement in NO biodisposability and therewith the improvement in endothelial function.
The Monte Carlo method was used for quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of bis-quinolinium and bis-isoquinolinium compounds as acetylcholine esterase inhibitors for a series of 36 ...compounds. quantitative structure–activity relationship models were calculated with the representation of the molecular structure by the Simplified Molecular Input-Line Entry System. One split into the training and test set was examined. The statistical quality of the developed model was good. The best calculated quantitative structure–activity relationship model had following statistical parameters:
r
2
= 0.8097 for the training set and
r
2
= 0.9372 for the test set. Structural indicators defined as molecular fragments responsible for increases and decreases in the inhibition activity were calculated. The computer-aided design of new compounds as potential acetylcholine esterase inhibitors with the application of defined structural alerts was presented.
Predmet ovog istraživanja se odnosi na razvoj menadžmenta u sportu kroz istoriju Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta. Analiza rada Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog ...olimpijskog komiteta i predstavljanje njihove organizacione strukture, saradnja sa međunarodnim i nacionalnim sportskim organizacijama, načini podsticanja razvoja vrhunskog sporta koji se razlikuju po dužini svog delovanja, ali koji imaju i prožimanje zajedničkog delovanja kroz dve države na našim prostorima, svakako je predstavljalo istraživački izazov. Poseban izazov jeste zajednička politička prošlost, odnosno društveni obrasci koji su karakteristični za obe države, a koji su i dalje prisutni u svakodnevnom političkom životu što neposredno utiče na rad većine nacionalnih tela pa tako i olimpijskih komiteta, odnosno na njihovu organizaciju i funkcionisanje. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi značaj rada Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta sa aspekta menadžmenta. Ovim naučnim istraživanjem utvrđen je razvoj menadžmenta u sportu kroz istoriju na primeru Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je stepen razvoja menadžmenta u sportu Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta uslovljen dužinom njihovog članstva u Međunarodnom olimpijskom komitetu. Pored toga, utvrđeno je da je uticaj tehnoloških, ekonomskih i političkih izazova za menadžment Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta bio identičan; da je sprovođenje projekata Olimpijskog pokreta različitog obima u Olimpijskom komitetu Srbije i Crnogorskom olimpijskom komitetu i da je širenje Olimpijskih vrednosti podjednako prisutno u Olimpijskom komitetu Srbije i Crnogorskom olimpijskom komitetu. Značaj istraživanja se ogleda u stručnom i naučnom sagledavanju rada Olimpijskog komiteta Srbije i Crnogorskog olimpijskog komiteta. Ovo istraživanje daje doprinos budućim stručnjacima sportskih organizacija da uspešno primene njihove modele menadžmenta u sportu u okviru svojih sportskih organizacija.
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