We conducted an international multicenter retrospective cohort study, PregOuTCOV, to examine the effect of gestational age at time of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ...(SARS-CoV-2) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We included all singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 10 weeks' gestation in which pregnancy outcomes were known. The exposed group consisted of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, whereas the unexposed group consisted of all remaining patients during the same period. Primary outcomes were defined as composite adverse obstetric outcomes and composite adverse neonatal outcomes. Of 10,925 pregnant women, 393 (3.60%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (exposed group). After matching for possible confounders, we identified statistically significant increases in the exposed group of composite adverse obstetric outcomes at >20 weeks' gestation and of composite adverse neonatal outcomes at >26 weeks' gestation (p<0.001). Vaccination programs should target women early in pregnancy or before conception, if possible.
The successful maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus provides an apparent immunologic paradox. Indeed, deep invasion of placental trophoblast cells into maternal uterine tissue and the ...following growth of the fetus have to be tolerated by a pregnant woman's immune system. Among the various possible protective mechanisms that may be involved in human pregnancy, the expression of a non-classical pattern of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and the complete lack of expression of HLA class II molecules in placental tissues seem to be the most relevant mechanisms of fetal escape from maternal immune recognition. The importance of HLA molecules in fetal toleration by the maternal immune system is highlighted by pregnancy complications occurring in cases of abnormal HLA molecule expression at the maternal-fetal interface. In this review, we summarize evidences about the role of placental HLA molecules in normal and pathological pregnancies.
Jellyfish are recorded with increasing frequency and magnitude in many coastal areas and several species display biological features comparable to the most popular Asiatic edible jellyfish. The ...biochemical and antioxidant properties of wild gelatinous biomasses, in terms of nutritional and nutraceutical values, are still largely unexplored. In this paper, three of the most abundant and commonly recorded jellyfish species (Aurelia sp.1, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Mediterranean Sea were subject to investigation. A sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of jellyfish proteins was set up by pepsin and collagenase treatments of jellyfish samples after aqueous or hydroalcoholic protein extraction. The content and composition of proteins, amino acids, phenolics, and fatty acids of the three species were recorded and compared. Protein content (mainly represented by collagen) up to 40% of jellyfish dry weight were found in two of the three jellyfish species (C. tuberculata and R. pulmo), whereas the presence of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was significantly higher in the zooxanthellate jellyfish C. tuberculata only. Remarkable antioxidant ability was also recorded from both proteinaceous and non proteinaceous extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions in all the three species. The abundance of collagen, peptides and other bioactive molecules make these Mediterranean gelatinous biomasses a largely untapped source of natural compounds of nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmacological interest.
Our retrospective study aimed to investigate whether parents of twins encounter heightened psychological and emotional distress one year after childbirth, in comparison to parents of singletons ...within an Italian cohort.
Exclusion criteria included multiparity, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, stillbirth, >2 fetus pregnancies, and pre-existing maternal mental health disorders. Out of the 300 couples (600 parents) invited to participate, 286 parents (158 mothers, 128 fathers) successfully completed a self-administered survey. We analyzed three scores separately for mothers and fathers, differentiating between singleton and twin pregnancies: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score, the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-Y1 score, and the STAI-Y2 score.
Logistic models were used to assess the influence of age, BMI, marital status, education, and employment on the three binary scores (EPDS, STAI-Y1, and STAI-Y2), revealing no significant differences in absolute scores between parents of singletons and twins. Paired analysis revealed significantly higher EPDS (mean increase: 3.8, SD: 6.5), STAI-Y1 (mean increase: 5.4, SD: 12.5), and STAI-Y2 (mean increase: 4.5, SD: 12.4) scores for mothers (p < 0.0001). Approximately 10% of women and 8% of men reported suicidal thoughts.
Contrary to expectations, no substantial psychological differences emerged between parents of twins and singletons. Adjusting for confounders through univariate analysis maintained nonsignificant trends. Nevertheless, caution in interpretation is warranted due to strict inclusion criteria favoring twin pregnancies with better outcomes. Unintended bias could have resulted from routine psychological support offered to mothers of twins in our clinic. This presents an important framework for future research, including randomized controlled trials comparing parents of multiples with psychological support to those without.Finally, the elevated prevalence of depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts in our cohort underscores the importance of mental health during pregnancy and early parenting. We advocate for the screening of parents for postpartum depression and various psychological conditions, encompassing a spectrum of anxiety disorders. Those at elevated risk of mental distress should be proactively offered appropriate support.
Physical properties, microbiological quality and volatile compounds of sous-vide-processed carrots and Brussels sprouts were analysed after 1, 5 and 10 days of refrigerated storage. Similar analyses ...were performed on raw and steamed carrots and Brussels sprout for comparison. Sous-vide carrots were firmer than steamed and firmness increased during storage. Similar values of colour indices were obtained for both steamed and sous-vide carrots, which also showed an increase of redness and colour saturation during storage. Aerobic and anaerobic counts of raw carrots were significantly reduced both by steaming and sous-vide procedures at values lower than 1 log cfu/g; these values were maintained until the end of storage. Among volatiles, terpenes were better preserved in sous-vide than steamed carrots, but all volatile fractions were significantly affected during storage. Steamed Brussels sprouts were softer and greener than sous-vide-processed ones, but softening and loss of green of the latter increased under vacuum storage. Microbiological counts of raw products were more efficiently reduced by sous-vide procedures than steaming. Higher amounts of nitriles and terpenes were shown in sous-vide vegetables in comparison to steamed, whereas thiocyanates and isothiocyanates occurred in lower quantities. Volatiles were not affected during 5 days of storage.
Thoracic endometriosis syndrome is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in pleura, lung parenchyma, and airways, associated with a ...high rate of infertility.
We have reported a case of successful management and treatment of thoracic endometriosis syndrome that occurred in a 37-year-old female patient. She underwent thoracoscopic resection of the lesion. During follow-up, we revealed the recurrence of a previously surgically treated thoracic endometriosis. She was initially treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist; subsequently this was replaced by a prophylactic treatment with Dienogest.
The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis is challenging. The first line of treatment is medical, whereas the surgical treatment is performed secondly. Moreover, surgical treatment can lead to a significant rate of recurrence, often reduced by a coadjutant medical treatment.
Our knowledge of monochorionic pregnancies’ complications is largely based on the extensive ongoing research on monochorionic placental structure. Previous studies on the concordance of umbilical ...cord insertions are limited. This study aimed to evaluate placental anastomoses and cord insertions as independent risk factors for neonatal adverse outcomes.
This was a prospective study conducted at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy from April 2021 to December 2022. Seventy-six women with a monochorionic pregnancy were enrolled at their first-trimester scan. After delivery, all placentas that were confirmed to be monochorionic were analyzed according to standard protocols, including those of complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies. The primary outcomes were a Composite Monochorionic Pregnancy Outcome (CMPO) and a Composite Neonatal Adverse Outcome (CNAO). The secondary outcome was the birth weight discordance between the neonates.
The CMPO occurred in 15.8 % pregnancies, and the CNAO occurred in 67.1 % pregnancies. The analysis confirmed a significant association between velamentous cord insertions and neonatal adverse events (p = 0.003). Also, a significant positive association (p = 0.0326) between twin birth weight discordance and discordance in twins umbilical cord insertions’ sites was found. No significant association between the number and type of the anastomoses and both the CMPO or CNAO was detected.
Our data suggest that the routine sonographic assessment of umbilical cords' insertion sites during the first trimester could be helpful in predicting fetal and neonatal adverse events. We believe that this sonographic assessment should start to be implemented in our routine care of monochorionic pregnancies.
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•Velamentous insertions are significantly associated with neonatal adverse events.•Twin cord insertions are classified in concordant, intermediate, discordant.•Twin weight discordance increases with discordance in umbilical cord insertions.•Sonographic assessment of umbilical cords could predict neonatal adverse events.
Twin pregnancy is associated with higher risks of adverse perinatal outcomes for both the mother and the babies. Among the many challenges in the follow-up of twin pregnancies, the mode of delivery ...is the last but not the least decision to be made, with the main influencing factors being amnionicity and fetal presentation. The aim of the study was to compare perinatal outcomes in two European centers using different protocols for twin birth in case of non-cephalic second twin; the Italian patients being delivered mainly by cesarean section with those in Belgium being routinely offered the choice of vaginal delivery (VD).
This was a dual center international retrospective observational study. The population included 843 women with a twin pregnancy ≥ 32 weeks (dichorionic or monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies) and a known pregnancy outcome. The population was stratified according to chorionicity. Demographic and pregnancy data were reported per pregnancy, whereas neonatal outcomes were reported per fetus. We used multiple logistic regression models to adjust for possible confounding variables and to compute the adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) for each maternal or neonatal outcome.
The observed rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher in the Italian cohort: 85% for dichorionic pregnancies and 94.4% for the monochorionic vs 45.2% and 54.4% respectively in the Belgian center (
-value < 0.001). We found that Belgian cohort showed significantly higher rates of NICU admission, respiratory distress at birth and Apgar score of < 7 after 5 min. Despite these differences, the composite severe adverse outcome was similar between the two groups.
In this study, neither the presentation of the second twin nor the chorionicity affected maternal and severe neonatal outcomes, regardless of the mode of delivery in two tertiary care centers, but VD was associated to a poorer short-term neonatal outcome.
The most recent evidences suggest the use of progesterone mimicking drugs for the treatment of endometriosis. Particularly, dienogest has been largely tested. However, the standard treatment of ...extra-pelvic endometriosis is debated. Particularly, cerebral localization of endometriosis is a very rare clinical condition. The surgical approach for such a particular disorder would consist in difficult procedures, thus leading to prefer the medical treatment. We hereby report the clinical case of a cerebral localization of endometriosis treated with dienogest who experienced a complete remission of the disease.
The goal of this study was to evaluate how two new hydrolysates from poultry by-products act on ten lactobacilli growth kinetics when supplemented to the growth medium. These effects were compared ...with ones induced by two most common commercial hydrolysates, i.e., tryptone and peptone. Growth medium, supplemented with one of new hydrolysates, 78T, as only nitrogen source, can sustain the maximum growth rate and the biomass yield in the same way of MRS, reach of different nitrogen sources. Moreover aminopeptidase activities (AA) of each strain were determined to investigate the effect of the growth condition on the modulation of aminopeptidase pattern. Five cell extracts of each ten strains, obtained from their cultivation in MRS and in the presence of the two common hydrolysates and the two new ones, were considered. AA was investigated against five different chromogenic substrates: β-naphthyl amide derivatives of L-anomers of leucine, lysine, proline, glycine–proline, and phenilalanine–proline. A great variability of AA was observed among the strains: also strains belonging to the same species showed peculiar AA profile.
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