Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encapsulate cell-specific cargo, rendering them promising biomarkers for diverse diseases. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite
, poses ...a significant global health burden, transcending its initial epicenter in Latin America to affect individuals in Europe, Asia, and North America. In this study, we aimed to characterize circulating EVs derived from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) experiencing a reactivation of acute symptoms. Blood samples collected in EDTA were processed to isolate plasma and subsequently subjected to ultracentrifugation for particle isolation and purification. The EVs were characterized using a nanoparticle tracking analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our findings revealed distinctive differences in the size, concentration, and composition of EVs between immunosuppressed patients and those with CCD. Importantly, these EVs play a critical role in the pathophysiology of Chagas disease and demonstrate significant potential as biomarkers in the chronic phase of the disease. Overall, our findings support the potential utility of the CL-ELISA assay as a specific sensitive tool for detecting circulating EVs in chronic Chagasic patients, particularly those with recurrent infection following an immunosuppressive treatment or with concurrent HIV and Chagas disease. Further investigations are warranted to identify and validate the specific antigens or biomarkers responsible for the observed reactivity in these patient groups, which may have implications for diagnosis, the monitoring of treatment, and prognosis.
Parasitic diseases remain a major global health problem for humans. Parasites employ a variety of strategies to invade and survive within their hosts and to manipulate host defense mechanisms, always ...in the pathogen's favor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-bound nanospheres carrying a variety of bioactive compounds, were shown to be released by the parasites during all stages of the infection, enabling growth and expansion within the host and adaptation to frequently changing environmental stressors. In this review, we discuss how the use of existing nanotechnologies and high-resolution imaging tools assisted in revealing the role of EVs during parasitic infections, enabling the quantitation, visualization, and detailed characterization of EVs. We discuss here the cases of malaria, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis as examples of parasitic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Unraveling the EVs' role in the NTD pathogenesis may enormously contribute to their early and reliable diagnostic, effective treatment, and prevention.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, which often leads to the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), a condition that yet lacks preventive strategies. ...Biperiden, an anticholinergic drug, is a promising candidate that has shown efficacy in murine models of PTE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory RNAs, can help in understanding the biological basis of PTE and act as TBI- and PTE-relevant biomarkers that can be detected peripherally, as they are present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that cross the blood-brain barrier. This study aimed to investigate miRNAs in serum EVs from patients with TBI, and their association with biperiden treatment and PTE. Blood samples of 37 TBI patients were collected 10 days after trauma and treatment initiation in a double-blind clinical trial. A total of 18 patients received biperiden, with three subjects developing PTE, and 19 received placebo, with two developing PTE. Serum EVs were characterized by size distribution and protein profiling, followed by high-throughput sequencing of the EV miRNome. Differential expression analysis revealed no significant differences in miRNA expression between TBI patients with and without PTE. Interestingly, miR-9-5p displayed decreased expression in biperiden-treated patients compared to the placebo group. This miRNA regulates genes enriched in stress response pathways, including axonogenesis and neuronal death, relevant to both PTE and TBI. These findings indicate that biperiden may alter miR-9-5p expression in serum EVs, which may play a role in TBI resolution.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encase several types of molecules. Their contents mostly reflect their cell origin and possible targets at other locations in the ...organism and can be modified in pathological conditions to interfere with intercellular communication, thus promoting disease establishment and development. These characteristics, in addition to their presence in virtually all body fluids, make such vesicles ideal for biomarker discovery in human diseases. Here, we describe the effect of different anticoagulants and the combination of two purification methods for isolation and characterization of circulating EVs from blood of chronic Chagas disease (CCD) patients. We illustrated this procedure by studying a population of patients with Chagas disease at the indeterminate chronic stage, in which the Trypanosoma cruzi is very scarce in circulation. EVs were harvested from blood collected without or with different anticoagulants. Protein and nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to measure EVs size and concentration. The EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation, followed by size‐exclusion chromatography and characterized by chemiluminescent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and dot blot using antibodies that recognized parasite‐derived EVs, such as hyperimmune sera, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against trans‐sialidase and mucins. In parallel, antibodies against classical human EV markers CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82, were also analyzed. The results showed that anticoagulants did not interfere with the analyzed parameters and circulating EVs from CCD patients contain T. cruzi antigens and classical human exosomal markers. Overall, our protocol is adequate for the isolation of the total circulating EVs and can serve as an important basis for further studies on biomarker discovery in Chagas' disease.
Costs in agribusiness not only allow a better evaluation of the production system and provide information for decision-taking but also the adoption of alternatives to increase gains. Current analysis ...retrieves the production costs of a farm in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The descriptive research deals with a case study featuring 15 hectares of irrigated rice plantation for 2008/2009. Data were collected from the owner who described the culture stages. Method comprised costs by absorption whose application in each stage revealed the total costs of the production process. Results show that planting, harvest and transport were the most expensive stages. Fertilizers represented 40.46% of costs probably because they were used at different stages of the process. Services represented 22.55% of total costs, possibly occasioned by insufficiency of resources to be invested in machinery and other equipments. Since total costs were 81.06% of gross income, the net gain of the producer was 18.94%. High rate of total costs and the slight gain percentage during the period favor the undertaking of financing the next crop season. However, resources from rural credit banks insert the producers within market dynamics and contribute towards the growth and modernization of agriculture and cattle-breeding production. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
O meio ambiente tem sofrido conseqüências devido ao progresso que ocasiona problemas na qualidade de vida da população, provoca degradação ambiental e causa diferenças sociais. No ordenamento ...jurídico brasileiro, existem diplomas legais que fixam padrões de emissão de ruídos e parâmetros para sua avaliação em ambientes e mencionam que as pessoas devem ter assegurado a sua saúde, segurança e sossego. O que deve sempre ser levado em consideração é o direito da pessoa humana, tais como, vida com dignidade, qualidade de vida e saúde pública, física e mental, podendo ser protegido o ser humano em quaisquer condições contra agentes produtores de causas agressoras, que possam importar em danos físicos e psíquicos, como os problemas decorrentes da poluição sonora ambiental. O presente artigo apresenta, inicialmente, questões relativas a Legislação em âmbito federal e municipal. A seguir, apresenta Normas Técnicas da ABNT referentes à acústica e enfatiza a responsabilidade do construtor pela falta de isolamento acústico
Este estudo foi desenvolvido no quarto trimestre de 2010 em uma cooperativa de consumo, setor açougue, localizada em Santa Maria/RS, Brasil. O estudo descritivo apresenta-se com abordagem ...quantitativa e tem como objetivo principal determinar por meio de um método de custeio específico o custo dos produtos vendidos no setor de açougue. Para determinar o custo das mercadorias compradas para revenda foi utilizado o custo médio e para alocação dos custos conjuntos aos co-produtos (produtos oriundos de uma mesma matéria-prima) foi utilizado o método do valor de mercado. Os demais custos como depreciação, manutenção, energia elétrica, materiais diversos e o restante da mão de obra que não foi incluído como custo de desossa foram rateados aos produtos pelo volume produzido. O método do custeio utilizado foi o custeio por absorção. O custo de compra dos cortes de carne ovina apresentou pouca variação entre os três meses analisados como também nos tipos de corte. Porém, no custo de compra da carne bovina foi considerada variação tanto entre os meses como nos tipos de corte. Os produtos tipos agulha, paleta, ponta de peito e osso buço bovinos e a linguiça suína apresentaram margem bruta negativa, cabendo a entidade estudar a melhor maneira de precificar suas vendas, bem como melhorar os controles dos gastos com vistas a apurar de forma mais precisa os custos de seus produtos.
FELICIDADE CLANDESTINA: UMA ANÁLISE GENETTEANA Botton, Alexandre Mariotto; Meneghetti, Francielli Jaqueline de Paula; Kuhne, Renan
Revista de Letras Norte@mentos,
02/2022, Letnik:
15, Številka:
38
Journal Article
Recenzirano
O presente artigo busca analisar o conto “Felicidade Clandestina” de Clarice Lispector, que faz parte da obra que recebe este mesmo nome e foi publicada em 1971. Gérard Genette (1995), em seu livro O ...discurso da Narrativa, retoma a questão em torno do discurso e da narrativa, contribuindo para o estabelecimento de conceitos que passam a ser utilizados em estudos e trabalhos sobre a narrativa, narrador e focalização. O conto em estudo nos mostra as sensações e pensamentos, em uma época em que essa garota tinha oito anos de idade e morava na cidade de Recife.
In the urban centers there is occurrence of significant sound pollution that it occurs of several origins, such as: noise of traffic, noise of night atmospheres, industries, among others. ihe leisure ...activities, such as, bars, nightclubs, convenience stores in gas stations, among other, when they saw n points n they bring with itself a great flow of vehicles and of people in yours spill generating, consequently, an increase of the sound poiiution in your suburbs in public zona. To verify and to measure that pollution increment consists of the objective principal of that work. For the accomplishment of the research they were chosen 08 points, with base in the data of accusations and of complaints, relative to the sound pollution, on the part of the population. Measurements of levei of sound pressure were accomplished in days ot littie movement and in busy days, when the establishments, close the those points were open and closed, being measured Leq (A) for 20 minutes in every hour of 22:00 h to 05;00 h. it was ended that is happening a same environmental impact that the establishments possess project of acoustic isoiation for it they trame in the levels aiiowed by the effective legislation or, still, when they OOn't emit high music in your interior due to the occurrence of people's extemal noises and cars in residential area. Another fact that should be observed is that in ali those analyzed points, in the schedule of operation of the establishments, there is a superior sound ievei to the iimits stipuiated by NBR 10151 and tor the Code ot Postures of the Municipal district of Santa Maria and, also, it happens a sound infraction classified as serious in those places.
Nos centros urbanos, há ocorrência de significativa poluição sonora, que advém de diversas
origens, tais como: ruído de trânsito, ruído de ambientes noturnos, indústrias, entre outros.
As atividades de lazer, como bares, boates, lojas de conveniência em postos de gasolina,
entre outros, em dias de funcionamento, trazem consigo um grande fluxo de veículos e de
pessoas no entorno, gerando, conseqüentemente, um aumento da poluição sonora em suas
circunvizinhanças em zona pública. Constatar e medir esse acréscimo de poluição consiste
no objetivo principal desse trabalho. Para a realização da pesquisa, escolheram-se 08 pontos,
com base nos dados de denúncias e de reclamações, relativas à poluição sonora, por
parte da população. Foram realizadas medições de nível de pressão sonora em dias de
pouco movimento, com os estabelecimentos fechados e em dias movimentados, quando os
estabelecimentos encontravam-se abertos, medindo-se o Leq (A) para 20 minutos em cada
hora das 22 h às 5 h. Também, pesquisaram-se dados de denúncias dos moradores próximos
dos locais analisados, aos órgãos competentes. Concluiu-se que está acontecendo um
impacto ambiental, mesmo que os estabelecimentos possuam projeto de isolamento acústico
para se enquadrarem aos níveis permitidos pela legislação vigente ou, ainda, quando não
emitem música alta em seu interior, devido à ocorrência de ruídos externos de pessoas e
carros em área residencial. Além disso, no decorrer da análise da percepção das pessoas
com relação a esse acréscimo de poluição, verifica-se que em todos os pontos já ocorreram
várias denúncias e abaixo-assinados às autoridades competentes. Outro fato que deve ser
observado é que em todos esses pontos analisados, no horário de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos,
há um nível sonoro superior aos limites estipulados pela NBR 10151 e pelo
Código de Posturas do Município de Santa Maria.
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