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•The Woniusi basalts display North-South direction and outcrop over 10,000 km2.•The Woniusi basalts originated mainly from a shallow enriched mantle.•Slab-pull forces triggered ...Woniusi magmatism in the lower plate passive margin.
The Cimmerian is one of several continental terranes that separated from northern Gondwana during the Carboniferous-Permian period. Magmatic evidence for the rifting of the fragments from Gondwana is preserved in the Baoshan area of eastern Cimmeria. These magmatic rocks outcrop over an area of more than 10,000 km2 and are mainly composed of basalts and dolerites, with limited occurrences of picrites. Our new results show that the basalts are tholeiitic and exhibit enriched trends in light rare earth elements (LREE), negative anomalies in Nb-Ta-Ti, and enriched isotopic signatures in Sr-Nd-Pb. They underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and olivine, with insignificant crustal contamination. Suppositional primary melt compositions and REE modeling results suggest that they were mainly formed by 2–5 % degrees of melting of spinel lherzolites with minor garnet (<1%) in a shallow enriched EMII lithospheric mantle, with minor components from the depleted mantle. Lack of plume-related ocean island basalts, a narrow south-north distribution, and a relatively low melting temperature may contradict the plume model. The Woniusi basalts could have originated in a back-arc environment, but further research is required to gather a more complete spectrum of volcanic rocks associated with the arc. In contrast, we propose that they were formed on the lower-plate passive Gondwana margin after the northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean since the Late Devonian. This subduction may result in a longer-lasting extension of the passive Gondwana margin. The Woniusi basalts are roughly coeval with the subduction of the mid-ocean ridge during the Latest Carboniferous. After the active ridge has subducted, the slab pull is strong enough to separate a terrane, because the ridge spreading no longer absorbs the strain caused by subduction. If this is the case, subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean-ridge would enhance slab-pull forces and finally trigger Woniusi magmatism.
A
bstract
The chiral symmetry breaking (χ
sb
) is one of the most fundamental problems in QCD. In this paper, we calculate quark condensation analytically in a holographic QCD model dual to the ...Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) system coupled to a probe scalar field. We find that the black hole phase transition in the EMD system seriously affects χ
sb
. At small chemical potential, χ
sb
behaves as a crossover. For large chemical potential
μ
>
μ
c
,
χ
sb
becomes first order with exactly the same transition temperature as the black hole phase transition by a bypass mechanism. The phase diagram we obtained is qualitatively consistent with the recent results from lattice QCD simulations and NJL models.
The continuously developing pesticide resistance is a great threat to agriculture and human health. Understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance is a key step in dealing with the ...phenomenon. Insect cuticle is recently documented to delay xenobiotic penetration which breaks the previous stereotype that cuticle is useless in insecticide resistance, while the underlying mechanism remains scarce. Here, we find the integument contributes over 40.0% to insecticide resistance via different insecticide delivery strategies in oriental fruit fly. A negative relationship exists between cuticle thickening and insecticide penetration in resistant/susceptible, also in field strains of oriental fruit fly which is a reason for integument-mediated resistance. Our investigations uncover a regulator of insecticide penetration that miR-994 mimic treatment causes cuticle thinning and increases susceptibility to malathion, whereas miR-994 inhibitor results in opposite phenotypes. The target of miR-994 is a most abundant cuticle protein (CPCFC) in resistant/susceptible integument expression profile, which possesses capability of chitin-binding and influences the cuticle thickness-mediated insecticide penetration. Our analyses find an upstream transcriptional regulatory signal of miR-994 cascade, long noncoding RNA (lnc19419), that indirectly upregulates CPCFC in cuticle of the resistant strain by sponging miR-994. Thus, we elucidate the mechanism of cuticular competing endogenous RNAs for regulating insecticide penetration and demonstrate it also exists in field strain of oriental fruit fly. We unveil a regulatory axis of lnc19419 ~ miR-994 ~ CPCFC on the cuticle thickness that leads to insecticide penetration resistance. These findings indicate that competing endogenous RNAs regulate insecticide resistance by modulating the cuticle thickness and provide insight into the resistance mechanism in insects.
Abstract
Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes have numerous potential applications including guidance, robotics, tactical-grade navigation, and automotive applications fields. The ...methods with ability of the weak Coriolis force detection are critical for MEMS gyroscopes. In this paper, we presented a design of MEMS gyroscope based on the tunneling magneto-resistance effect with higher detection sensitivity. Of all these designed parameters, the structural, magnetic field, and magneto-resistance sensitivity values reach to 21.6 nm/°/s, 0.0023 Oe/nm, and 29.5 mV/Oe, thus, with total sensitivity of 1.47 mV/°/s. Multi-bridge circuit method is employed to suppress external magnetic interference and avoid the integration error of the TMR devices effectively. The proposed tunneling magneto-resistive micro-gyroscope shows a possibility to make an inertial grade MEMS gyroscope in the future.
Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), an inhibitor of ferroptosis, is implicated in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The current study explored the role of Fer-1 in IDD via the toll-like receptor 4 ...(TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway. IDD-related gene expression microarray GSE124272 and high-throughput sequencing data set GSE175710 were obtained through the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes in IDD were identified, followed by implementation of protein-protein interaction network analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The main pathways in IDD were obtained through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional analyses, and target genes of Fer-1 were obtained through PubChem and PharmMapper websites. Finally, GPX4, FTH, and TLR4 expression was determined in a IDD rat model. Three key co-expression modules involved in IDD were obtained through Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Thirteen differentially expressed genes were found to be associated with IDD, and eight key genes (TLR4, BCL2A1, CXCL1, IL1R1, NAMPT, SOCS3, XCL1, and IRAK3) were found to affect IDD. These eight key genes had the diagnostic potential for IDD. The NF-κB signaling pathway was shown to play a predominant role in IDD development. Network pharmacologic analysis indicated a role of Fer-1 in suppressing ferroptosis and ameliorating IDD via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which was verified by an in vivo animal experiment. The study showed that Fer-1 down-regulates TLR4 to inactivate NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing ferroptosis and ultimately alleviating IDD in rats
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