By integrating the work-home resource model with the leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, we adopt a change perspective to examine the effects of the change rate in family-to-work enrichment (FWE) on ...that in job satisfaction through the change rate in LMX. Using a longitudinal, multilevel sample of 360 employees in 71 teams, the results of three waves of data over eight months reveal the FWE change rate is associated positively with the LMX change rate, which, in turn, is associated positively with the job satisfaction change rate. Furthermore, we show that LMX differentiation at Time 1 moderates the FWE change rate's effect on the LMX change rate over time, such that the relation is stronger when the LMX differentiation is high at Time 1. Moreover, the LMX change rate mediates the interactive effects of the FWE change rate and Time 1 LMX differentiation on the job satisfaction change rate over time. The results also show that the initial level of FWE is related positively with the LMX change rate, but not with the job satisfaction change rate. These findings emphasize the importance of studying changes in family-work research and providing new insights into the processes of the FWE change rate's effects on the change rates of important work outcomes over time.
•A longitudinal study focusing on the change rates of FWE, LMX, and job satisfaction over time•Both “gain spiral” and “loss spiral” occur within the FWE process.•FWE change rate positively predicts LMX change rate, which, in turn, positively predicts change rate in job satisfaction.•LMX differentiation at Time 1 moderates the effect of FWE change rate on LMX change rate over time.
This study aims at identifying the dimensions of experiential quality and investigating the interrelationships among experiential quality, experiential value, experiential satisfaction, theme park ...image, and revisit intention perceived by theme park visitors. Analysis of data from 424 visitors in Janfusan Fancyworld of Taiwan indicates that the proposed model fits the data well. The results reveal that there are 4 primary dimensions and 11 subdimensions of experiential quality perceived by theme park visitors. In addition, the results indicate that physical environment quality is identified as the most primary dimension of experiential quality perceived by theme park visitors.
Abundant chemical diversity and structural tunability make organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) a rich ore for ferroelectrics. However, compared with their inorganic counterparts such as ...BaTiO
, their ferroelectric key properties, including large spontaneous polarization (P
), low coercive field (E
), and strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, have long been great challenges, which hinder their commercial applications. Here, a quasi-one-dimensional OIHP DMAGeI
(DMA = Dimethylamine) is reported, with notable ferroelectric attributes at room temperature: a large P
of 24.14 μC/cm
(on a par with BaTiO
), a low E
below 2.2 kV/cm, and the strongest SHG intensity in OIHP family (about 12 times of KH
PO
(KDP)). Revealed by the first-principles calculations, its large P
originates from the synergistic effects of the stereochemically active 4s
lone pair of Ge
and the ordering of organic cations, and its low kinetic energy barrier of small DMA cations results in a low E
. Our work brings the comprehensive ferroelectric performances of OIHPs to a comparable level with commercial inorganic ferroelectric perovskites.
Janus MXene-decorated CNFs/luffa (JMCL) aerogel integrated the multifunction of fast water transport, good thermal management, fast vapor escape, and efficient photothermal conversion in a ...single-module. The hydrophobic lower part and hydrophilic upper part perform complementary functions, endowing the JMCL aerogel with high sunlight-to-heat-to-vapor conversion efficiency and self-floating performance. The JMCL aerogels delivered a water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m-2h−1 and an efficiency of 91.20% under 1 sun illumination. In addition, the mechanical strength of JMCL aerogels is 437 times that of MXene/CNFs aerogels. The excellent salt resistance during 24h working and long-term solar vapor generation of up to 28 days were achieved.
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Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) is considered to be an attractive technique to address the water shortage. However, developing a sustainable thermal management, salt rejection, and excellent mechanical strength ISSG device for long-term stability desalination is still a challenge. Herein, a biomass ISSG device with superb mechanical properties was prepared by introducing a luffa sponge as the skeleton and constructing the MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) aerogels via freeze-drying. The Janus MXene-decorated CNFs/luffa (JMCL) aerogels integrated the multifunction of fast water transport, good thermal management, and efficient photothermal conversion in a single module, to achieve high-efficiency desalination. 3D Janus structure endowed the JMCL aerogel with opposite wettability, which is feasible to construct the localized photothermal generation and self-floating. The mechanical strength of JMCL aerogels is 437 times that of MXene/CNFs aerogels. The JMCL aerogels delivered a water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m-2h−1 and an efficiency of 91.20% under 1 sun illumination. The excellent salt resistance during 24 h working and long-term solar vapor generation of up to 28 days were achieved. The multifunctional JMCL aerogels with 3D Janus structure offer new insights for developing good durability and eco-friendly biopolymer-based steam generators.
An analytical formula is presented here for the electrophoresis of a dielectric or perfectly conducting fluid droplet with arbitrary surface potentials suspended in a very dilute electrolyte ...solution. In other words, when the Debye length (κ−1) is very large, or κa≪$\ll $1, where κ is the electrolyte strength and a stands for the droplet radius. This formula can be regarded as an extension of the famous Hückel solution valid for weakly charged rigid particles to arbitrarily charged fluid droplets. The formula reduces successfully to the ones obtained by Booth for a dielectric droplet, and Ohshima for a perfectly conducting droplet, both under Debye–Hückel approximation valid for weakly charged droplets. Moreover, the formula is valid for a gas bubble and a rigid solid particle as well. Classic results obtained by Hückel for a rigid particle are reproduced as well. We found that for a dielectric droplet, the more viscous the droplet is, the faster it moves regardless of its surface potential, contrary to the intuition based on the purely hydrodynamic consideration. For a perfectly conducting liquid droplet, on the other hand, the situation is reversed: The less viscous the droplet is, the faster it moves. The presence or absence of the spinning electric driving force tangent to the droplet surface is found to be responsible for it. As a result, an axisymmetric exterior vortex flow surrounding the droplet is always present for a dielectric liquid droplet, and never there for a conducting liquid droplet.
The aim of this paper is to explore the role of ethical climate on the relationship between the paternalistic leadership and team identification at the team level. In contrast to the prior studies ...which tended to focus on ethical climate as a whole dimension, this paper further classified the domain of construct into the categories of egoism, benevolence, and principle using a sample from 143 teams in Mainland China and Taiwan. Hierarchical regression results showed that the average paternalistic leadership had a significant impact on the team identification at the team level. Moreover, the results indicated that the ethical climate of benevolence fully mediated while the ethical climate of egoism partially mediated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and team identification. Also, the ethical climates of benevolence and principle had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between benevolent leadership and team identification as well as moral leadership and team identification, respectively, but the ethical climate of egoism did not play a significant role. The major findings, theoretical contributions, practical implications, and the limitations were discussed.
The Catellani reaction has received substantial attention because it enables rapid multiple derivatization on aromatics. While using alkyl electrophiles to achieve ortho‐alkylation was one of the ...earliest applications of the Catellani reaction, ipso‐alkylation‐terminated reactions with β‐H‐containing reactants has not been realized to date. Herein, we report alkylation‐terminated Catellani reaction using alkyl carbagermatranes (abbreviated as alkyl‐Ge) as nucleophiles. The reactivity of alkyl‐Ge and alkyl‐B(OH)2 in this reaction is discussed. This approach enables efficient dialkylation with β‐H‐containing reactants, which was previously inaccessible by Catellani reactions.
Alkylation‐terminated Catellani reactions have not been well developed mainly due to the significant challenge of the transmetalation of β‐H‐containing alkyl groups onto the sterically hindered aryl‐PdII intermediate. In this work, this challenge was overcome by using highly efficient alkyl‐Ge nucleophiles as terminating reagents.
A Molecular Thermochromic Ferroelectric Liu, Jun‐Chao; Liao, Wei‐Qiang; Li, Peng‐Fei ...
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
February 24, 2020, Letnik:
59, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted considerable interests because of their easy and environmentally friendly processing, low acoustical impedance and mechanical flexibility. Herein, a molecular ...thermochromic ferroelectric, N,N′‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo2.2.2octonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) (DMe‐DABCOCuCl4) is reported, which shows both excellent ferroelectricity and intriguing thermochromism. DMe‐DABCOCuCl4 undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition from Pca21 to Pbcm at a significantly high Curie temperature of 413 K, accompanied by a color change from yellow to red that is due to the remarkable deformation of CuCl42− tetrahedron, where the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases correspond to yellow and red, respectively. Combined with multiple bistable physical properties, DMe‐DABCOCuCl4 would be a promising candidate for next‐generation smart devices, and should inspire further exploration of multifunctional molecular ferroelectrics.
Set phases to stun: A molecular thermochromic ferroelectric, N,N′‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo2.2.2octonium tetrachlorocuprate(II), undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition from Pca21 to Pbcm at the significantly high Curie temperature (Tc) of 413 K. This is accompanied by a color change from yellow to red that is due to the remarkable deformation of the CuCl42− tetrahedron.
Background
Alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis is a widespread liver disease with no effective treatment. Recent studies have indicated that interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) can ameliorate alcohol‐associated ...liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the role of IL‐22 in alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL‐22 in a mouse model of alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms.
Methods
Alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis was induced by feeding male C57BL/6J mice with a Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diet containing 4% ethyl alcohol for 8 weeks and injecting them with 5% tetrachloromethane (CCl4) intraperitoneally for the last 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, IL‐22 was also administered. We investigated the role of IL‐22 in autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using a 3‐methyladenine intraperitoneal injection in the mice treated with IL‐22. The effects of IL‐22 on alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis, autophagy‐related gene expression, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity were assessed using histopathology, biochemical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting.
Results
Mice treated with ethanol and CCl4 displayed distinct liver injuries, including hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis, which were substantially attenuated by IL‐22 treatment. In addition, we found that IL‐22 regulated the expression of autophagy‐related genes and inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the reduction in p‐PI3K, p‐AKT, and p‐mTOR expression after IL‐22 treatment.
Conclusions
IL‐22 exerts a marked protective effect against alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis. Its effect may be partly related to the alteration of autophagy‐related gene expression and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the liver.
Mice fed with Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diet including 4% ethanol and injected intraperitoneally with 5% CCl4 displayed more distinct collagen fiber accumulation than control mice. Autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were activated in the liver. We demonstrated that IL‐22 alleviated hepatic fibrosis in ethanol plus CCl4‐induced mice. Our results indicated that the anti‐fibrotic effect of IL‐22 might be related to inhibition of autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of IL‐22 in alcohol‐associated hepatic fibrosis.
Molecular docking has become an increasingly important tool for drug discovery. In this review, we present a brief introduction of the available molecular docking methods, and their development and ...applications in drug discovery. The relevant basic theories, including sampling algorithms and scoring functions, are summarized. The differences in and performance of available docking software are also discussed. Flexible receptor molecular docking approaches, especially those including backbone flexibility in receptors, are a challenge for available docking methods. A recently developed Local Move Monte Carlo (LMMC) based approach is introduced as a potential solution to flexible receptor docking problems. Three application examples of molecular docking approaches for drug discovery are provided.
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