Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and long-term clinical impact of tissue protrusion (TP) after stent implantation. Background Stent implantation may be ...associated with tissue (plaque or thrombus) protrusion, especially in unstable lesions, but its clinical impact is unknown. Methods ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) was a prospective multicenter study of 8,663 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents. In a pre-specified intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) substudy, 2,072 patients with 2,446 culprit lesions underwent post-PCI IVUS (among whom some also underwent pre-PCI IVUS) and were classified according to the presence or absence of post-stent TP. Results After PCI, 34.3% of lesions displayed TP on IVUS. Median maximum TP was 0.7 mm2 (interquartile range: 0.5 to 1.2 mm2 ) in area and 3.0 mm (interquartile range: 1.4 to 6.7 mm) in length. Patients with TP more often presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction but less often with unstable angina or stable ischemic heart disease. In 893 culprit lesions that were also examined pre-PCI, TP was associated with larger reference luminal area, greater plaque burden, and more plaque ruptures, attenuated plaque, and virtual histology thin-cap fibroatheromas. Because a larger stent or post-dilation balloon was used, post-PCI luminal area was significantly larger in lesions with versus without TP. At 2-year follow-up, there was less clinically driven target lesion revascularization in lesions with TP and no significant difference in major adverse cardiac events (defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis) in patients with versus without TP. Conclusions IVUS-detected TP after drug-eluting stent implantation was not associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes, in part because of greater stent expansion in lesions with TP.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a self-expanding bare-metal nitinol stent (Astron; BIOTRONIK AG, Bülach, Switzerland) for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the common and external ...iliac arteries. This study tested the hypothesis that the major adverse event (MAE) rate at 12 months was less than or equal to a performance goal of 15%.
In a prospective study that began in November 2011, 161 patients with symptomatic iliac lesions were treated with an Astron stent in the United States, Canada, and Austria. The primary endpoint was a composite rate of procedure- and stent-related MAEs at 12 months that included 30-day mortality, clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (TLR), and index limb amputation.
The MAE rate at 12 months was 2.1% (3/146; 95% CI: 0.4% to 5.9%; p < 0.001). The acute procedural success and 30-day clinical success outcomes were both 95% (153/161). The primary patency rate at 12 months was 89.8% (115/128). The comparison of baseline and 12-month Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) measurements showed a mean increase of 0.23 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) PAD specific score, walking distance score, walking speed score and stair climbing score paired each showed a significant increase from baseline to 12 months (p<0.001).
The Astron stent system was shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic disease. The observed MAE rate met the pre-specified performance goal of 15%. The stent demonstrated a high 12-month primary patency rate and showed improvement in quality of life measures.
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to prospectively study and confirm the safety and efficacy of the Tryton Side Branch Stent in the treatment of coronary artery bifurcations involving ...large side branches (SBs). Background The TRYTON Pivotal randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to compare the Tryton stent with standard provisional SB stenting in large vessels. The trial inadvertently enrolled patients with too small SBs (<2.25 mm). The overall trial did not meet its primary endpoint, because of an increased rate of periprocedural myocardial infarction in the Tryton stent arm. A post hoc analysis restricted to the intended population showed that the trial would have met its endpoint if only patients with SBs ≥2.25 mm in diameter (by core laboratory quantitative coronary angiography) had been enrolled. Methods The Tryton Confirmatory Study was a prospective, single-arm extension of the TRYTON Pivotal RCT that enrolled an additional 133 patients treated with the Tryton Side Branch Stent. It was designed to confirm the results of the post hoc analysis and emphasized the inclusion of appropriately sized SBs. The primary endpoint was noninferiority with regard to periprocedural myocardial infarction (creatine kinase myocardial band 3 times the upper limit of normal) compared with a performance goal based on the TRYTON Pivotal RCT. Results Among the 133 enrolled patients, 132 (99.2%) had SBs ≥2.25 mm. Baseline clinical and angiographic parameters were similar in this study and the RCT. Periprocedural myocardial infarction occurred in 10.5% of patients, which was numerically lower than the provisional group in the TRYTON Pivotal RCT (11.9%). The 95% confidence bounds did not extend beyond the pre-defined performance goal of 17.9%, meeting the noninferiority primary endpoint. Conclusions The Tryton Confirmatory Study, in conjunction with the post hoc analysis of the intended population in the TRYTON Pivotal RCT, supports the safety and efficacy of the Tryton Side Branch Stent for treatment of bifurcation lesions involving large SBs.
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the timing of ischemic and hemorrhagic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents on ...subsequent mortality. Background These events have been strongly associated with subsequent death. Methods In the multicenter, prospective ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug Eluting Stents) study, patients at 11 clinical sites with successful PCI with drug-eluting stents underwent assessment of platelet function and were followed for 2 years. Events occurring after PCI—definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI) not related to ST, and clinically relevant bleeding (CB)—were classified as early (≤30 days), late (31 to 365 days), or very late (>365 days). Mortality within 30 days of each event was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methodology. Cox regression multivariate modeling was used to analyze the relationship between each event (as a time-updated variable) and mortality over the entire study period. Results Among 8,582 patients, 1,060 (12.4%) had events—691 (8.1%) had CB, 294 (3.4%) had MI, and 75 (0.9%) had ST—and 7,522 (87.6%) had no events. The highest risk was associated with early ST (38.5% mortality at 30 days after the event), whereas very late MI (7.5%) and late CB (7.3%) were less dangerous. By multivariate analysis, each event was independently predictive of death, with hazard ratios of 2.4, 1.8, and 11.4, respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Approximately 1 in 8 patients successfully undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents had CB, MI, or ST during the ensuing 2 years. These events are associated with an increased hazard of mortality, particularly within the first 30 days following the event, warranting efforts to prevent their occurrence.
Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether there is an ideal level of platelet reactivity (PR) to optimize safety and efficacy within the large multicenter ADAPT-DES (Assessment of ...Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) study of 8,582 patients receiving successful drug-eluting stent implantation. Background Patients with high PR on clopidogrel have a greater incidence of adverse ischemic events after stent implantation, whereas low PR may increase bleeding. Due to limited sample size, previous studies have not been able to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics that may confound the relationship of PR and outcomes. Methods In the ADAPT-DES study, routine platelet function testing (VerifyNow) was performed following clopidogrel loading. To characterize the independent association between PR and clinical events, patients were stratified into quintiles of P2Y12 reaction units (PRU). Results The PRU medians of the 5 quintiles were 57, 130, 187, 244, and 317 (most to least inhibited). There was a monotonic association between successively higher PRU quintiles and stent thrombosis, whereas for clinically relevant bleeding, the greatest risk occurred in the lowest PRU quintile, with similar risks across the 4 higher quintiles. These relationships remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio HR for stent thrombosis in Q5 versus Q1: 2.32; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.17 to 4.59; p = 0.02; adjusted HR for clinically relevant bleeding in Q5 versus Q1: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77; p < 0.001). However, there were no significant independent associations between the level of PRU and mortality. Conclusions In this large observational study, increasing PRU was associated with a monotonic increase in stent thrombosis, whereas bleeding risk was confined to the lowest PRU quintile, suggesting an optimal therapeutic window of platelet inhibition at moderately inhibited PRU. However, there was no demonstrable threshold effect for PRU and mortality in adjusted analyses, perhaps due to the offsetting impact of bleeding and ischemia across the spectrum of platelet inhibition. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents ADAPT-DES; NCT00638794 )
Abstract Objectives This study evaluated the relationship between platelet reactivity and plaque morphology using grayscale and radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) virtual histology (VH). ...Background Recent studies have reported that high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) is associated with higher plaque volume and the presence of multivessel disease; however, the association between HPR and plaque morphology has not been evaluated. Methods The ADAPT-DES (Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug Eluting Stents) intravascular ultrasound substudy was a prospective, multicenter, observational study of 8,582 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in whom platelet reactivity on clopidogrel was assessed routinely. The current analysis included 909 culprit lesions from 773 patients with pre-intervention grayscale IVUS and IVUS-VH. HPR was defined as platelet reactivity >208 P2Y12 reaction unit in point-of-care P2Y12 testing by the VerifyNow assay, measured during steady-state platelet inhibition in patients receiving an antiplatelet agent. Results HPR was associated with 3-vessel coronary artery disease (31.0% vs. 24.4%; p = 0.04). The incidence of fibroatheroma was higher in patients with HPR than those without HPR (77.1% vs. 68.9%; p = 0.01). The HPR group had larger percent plaque and media volume (plaque and media/external elastic membrane volume: 58.1% 95% confidence interval (CI): 57.1% to 59.0% vs. 56.6% 95% CI: 55.8% to 57.5%; p = 0.03) and plaque burden at the minimum lumen site (76.7% 95% CI: 75.7% to 77.8% vs. 75.0% 95% CI: 74.0% to 76.0%; p = 0.02). Despite a similar prevalence of attenuated plaque, patients with HPR had longer culprit lesion attenuated plaque length (8.0 95% CI: 7.0 to 9.1 mm vs. 6.5 95% CI: 5.9 to 7.1 mm; p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the presence of angiographic calcium (odds ratio OR: 1.85: 95% CI: 1.33 to 2.56; p = 0.0002) and HPR (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.01; p = 0.02) were independent predictors for a culprit lesion fibroatheroma. Conclusions HPR was associated with increased culprit lesion atherosclerotic burden and adverse plaque morphology among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Platelet reactivity might be associated with not only blood clot formation, but also severity of atherosclerosis. (Assessment of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy With Drug Eluting Stents ADAPT-DES; NCT00638794 )
Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of excimer laser atherectomy (ELA) with adjunctive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) versus PTA alone ...for treating patients with chronic peripheral artery disease with femoropopliteal bare nitinol in-stent restenosis (ISR). Background Femoropopliteal stenting has shown superiority to PTA for lifestyle-limiting claudication and critical limb ischemia, although treating post-stenting artery reobstruction, or ISR, remains challenging. Methods The multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled EXCITE ISR (EXCImer Laser Randomized Controlled Study for Treatment of FemoropopliTEal In-Stent Restenosis) trial was conducted across 40 U.S. centers. Patients with Rutherford Class 1 to 4 and lesions of target lesion length ≥4 cm, vessel diameter 5 to 7 mm were enrolled and randomly divided into ELA + PTA and PTA groups by a 2:1 ratio. The primary efficacy endpoint was target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 6-month follow up. The primary safety endpoint was major adverse event (death, amputation, or TLR) at 30 days post-procedure. Results Study enrollment was stopped at 250 patients due to early efficacy demonstrated at a prospectively-specified interim analysis. A total of 169 ELA + PTA subjects (62.7% male; mean age 68.5 ± 9.8 years) and 81 PTA patients (61.7% male; mean age 67.8 ± 10.3 years) were enrolled. Mean lesion length was 19.6 ± 12.0 cm versus 19.3 ± 11.9 cm, and 30.5% versus 36.8% of patients exhibited total occlusion. ELA + PTA subjects demonstrated superior procedural success (93.5% vs. 82.7%; p = 0.01) with significantly fewer procedural complications. ELA + PTA and PTA subject 6-month freedom from TLR was 73.5% versus 51.8% (p < 0.005), and 30-day major adverse event rates were 5.8% versus 20.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. ELA + PTA was associated with a 52% reduction in TLR (hazard ratio: 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.31 to 0.74). Conclusions The EXCITE ISR trial is the first large, prospective, randomized study to demonstrate superiority of ELA + PTA versus PTA alone for treating femoropopliteal ISR. (Randomized Study of Laser and Balloon Angioplasty Versus Balloon Angioplasty to Treat Peripheral In-stent Restenosis EXCITE ISR; NCT01330628 )
Anemic patients remain at increased risk of ischemic and bleeding events. Whether or not the effects of hemoglobin levels on thrombotic and bleeding risk are independent of platelet reactivity on ...clopidogrel, however, remains unknown. Patients from the Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) study were categorized by the presence of anemia at baseline, defined according the World Health Organization criteria. Platelet reactivity was measured with VerifyNow assay; high platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel was defined as platelet reactive units value >208. Out of 8413 patients included in the study cohort, 1816 (21.6%) had anemia. HPR was more prevalent in patients with anemia (58.3% vs 38.4%; p<0.001), an association that persisted following multivariable adjustment. Patients with anemia had higher 2-year rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; 9.5% vs 5.6%; p<0.0001), major bleeding (11.8% vs 7.7%; p<0.0001), and all-cause mortality (4.0% vs 1.4%; p<0.0001); however, following adjustment for baseline clinical confounders, including HPR, anemia was no longer associated with MACE (adjusted hazard ratio HR: 1.22; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.98–1.51; p=0.07), but was still significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.23–2.12; p<0.0001) and major bleeding (adjusted HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.68; p<0.0001). In conclusion, anemia independently correlated with HPR. After PCI with drug-eluting stents, anemia at baseline was significantly associated with higher 2-year hemorrhagic and mortality risk; conversely, its association with ischemic risk was attenuated following multivariable adjustment, including HPR.
Experience and Outcomes With Carotid Artery Stenting Shishehbor, Mehdi H., DO, MPH, PhD; Venkatachalam, Sridhar, MD; Gray, William A., MD ...
JACC. Cardiovascular interventions,
November 2014, Letnik:
7, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract Objectives This study sought to examine operator experience measured by time-related variables on outcomes with protected carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background Studies on experience have ...focused on operator and institutional CAS volumes alone in the absence of a better metric. Methods Using the CHOICE (Carotid Stenting for High Surgical-Risk Patients; Evaluating Outcomes Through the Collection of Clinical Evidence) multicenter prospective data from October 1, 2006 to June 1, 2012, 5,841 evaluable subjects were identified. Operator experience within this study was assessed using 5 variables for each operator: 1) baseline CAS volume; 2) time from first CAS to each subsequent CAS; 3) time between each CAS; 4) CAS volume in the institution; and 5) medical specialty (cardiology, surgery, or radiology/neurology). Institutional experience was determined by CAS volume within the study. Embolic protection device dwell time was used to assess technical performance, and 30-day death, stroke, or myocardial infarction composed the clinical outcome. Hierarchical logistic regression and linear mixed models were used. Results Cardiologists (p < 0.001) along with operators with longer time interval from first CAS (p < 0.001) had reduced embolic protection device dwell times (technical performance). Increased time interval between CAS was the only independent predictor of 30-day death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (adjusted odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.02 to 1.09, p = 0.005). Prolonged embolic protection device dwell time was associated with 30-day death, stroke, or myocardial infarction (adjusted odds ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.17; p = 0.03). Conclusions The time interval between CAS procedures, specialty assignment, and time from first CAS are important measures of operator experience that may significantly affect technical performance and clinical outcome.
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