The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal immunoexpression pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), heat shock ...protein 70 (HSP70), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) in normal human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Human fetal kidneys (control, horseshoe, dysplastic, duplex, and hypoplastic) from the 18th to the 38th developmental week underwent epifluorescence microscopy analysis after being stained with antibodies. Immunoreactivity was quantified in various kidney structures, and expression dynamics were examined using linear and nonlinear regression modeling. The punctate expression of LC3B was observed mainly in tubules and glomerular cells, with dysplastic kidneys displaying distinct staining patterns. In the control group’s glomeruli, LAMP2A showed a sporadic, punctate signal; in contrast to other phenotypes, duplex kidneys showed significantly stronger expression in convoluted tubules. GRP78 had a weaker expression in CAKUT kidneys, especially hypoplastic ones, while normal kidneys exhibited punctate staining of convoluted tubules and glomeruli. HSP70 staining varied among phenotypes, with dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys exhibiting stronger staining compared to controls. Expression dynamics varied among observed autophagy markers and phenotypes, indicating their potential roles in normal and dysfunctional kidney development.
We analyzed the expression of the serotonin receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3A at four different stages of fetal lung development from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation, divided into four groups: the ...pseudoglandular stage (12-16th week of development;
= 8), the canalicular stage (16th-26th week of development;
= 7), the saccular stage (26th-36th week of development;
= 5), and the alveolar stage (36th-40th week of development;
= 5). The strongest expression of all three receptor types was found in the epithelium of the proximal airways during the pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular stages and in a vascular wall. 5-HT1A was also strongly expressed in the smooth muscle cells of the proximal airway. Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelium occasionally showed a strong expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A. In the alveolar stage, the expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3A was detected in both type I (p1) and type II (p2) pneumocytes, with a stronger expression in p2. A significant decrease in percent the 5-HT2A area and in the integrated density was observed at the alveolar stage. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the percentage area but an increase in the integrated density was observed for 5-HT3A toward the alveolar stage, suggesting that a smaller number of cells expressed 5-HT3A but that they (p1 and p2) significantly increased their 5-HT3A expression at the alveolar stage. The results presented provided us with new data on the development and function of the serotonin system in the human fetal lung and gave us insight into their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lung pathology, particularly that characteristic of the neonatal period.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of
death from cancer in women. The accuracy of diagnosis can be increased with a combination of clinical
examination, ...imaging diagnostics, and fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy,
also known as triple test. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of
FNAC in the diagnosis of breast tumors in our institution by correlating it with histopathology findings.
We assessed the accuracy of 124 FNAC findings by comparing cytological diagnosis of breast
masses with the diagnoses from histopathology reports obtained by surgery. Statistical analysis showed
95.1% accuracy, 97.7% sensitivity, 89.1% specificity, 95.5% positive predictive value and 94.2%
negative predictive value of FNAC. Study results indicated that FNAC could be used as a highly
reliable tool in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors, in combination with clinical and imaging
findings, especially in developing countries with limited financial resources.
This study aims to determine the protein expression patterns of acetylated α-tubulin, inversin, dishevelled-1, Wnt5a/b, and
-catenin in developing (E13.5 and E15.5) and early postnatal (P4 and P14) ...kidneys of
(
) mice, their role in regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, and the possible relation to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). The analysis of target protein co-expression, observed in the renal vesicles/immature glomeruli, ampullae/collecting ducts, convoluted tubules, metanephric mesenchyme of developing kidneys, but proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules and glomeruli of postnatal kidneys, was performed using double immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative methods. The overall expression of acetylated α-tubulin and inversin during normal kidney development increases with higher expression in
mice as the kidney acquires mature morphology. An increase in
-catenin and cytosolic DVL-1 levels, indicating a switch from non-canonical to canonical Wnt signaling, is found in the postnatal kidney of
mice. In contrast, healthy mouse kidney expresses inversin and Wnt5a/b in the postnatal period, thus activating non-canonical Wnt signaling. Target protein expression patterns in kidney development and the early postnatal period observed in this study could indicate that switching between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for normal nephrogenesis, while the defective
gene product in
mice may promote CAKUT due to interfering with this process.
The adsorption and corrosion inhibition of alkanethiols self-assembled monolayer on the copper surface in simulated acid rain were investigated by electrochemical techniques. Self-assembled monolayer ...(SAM) was formed by 1-octanethiol (OT), 1-dodecanethiol (DT) and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) molecules on copper surface. The experimental results showed that inhibiton efficiency increases simultaneously with increase of concentration and chain length of thiols. At the concentration of 0.5 mmol L-1, 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) acts as effective corrosion inhibitor with inhibition efficiency of ~ 90%. The adsorption of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer on the copper surface was investigated by polarization measurements. The adsorption of SAMs on the copper surface followed Langmuir isotherm and the standard Gibbs energy indicated that the adsorption mechanism of OT, DT and ODT on copper is the hybrid type of physical and chemical adsorption. Values of Gibbs energy ranging from -24 kJ mol-1 for OT to -32 kJ mol-1 for ODT indicate that the chemisorption part in the adsorption mechanism prevails with the increase of alkanethiols chain length.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of
gene silencing on the immunoexpression of light chain 3 beta (Lc3b), glucose regulating protein 78 (Grp78), heat shock cognate 71 (Hsc70), ...mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (Lamp2a) in the lung tissue of developing
(
) and wild-type (wt) mice. The lung epithelium and mesenchyme of the embryos at gestational days E13.5 and E15.5 were examined using immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative methods. In the pulmonary mesenchyme and epithelium, Grp78 and Lc3b of moderate fluorescence reactivity was demonstrated in wt mice for both evaluated time points, while
mice exhibited only epithelial reactivity for the same markers. Mild punctate expression of Hsc70 was observed for both genotypes. A significant difference was present when analyzing mTOR expression, where wt mice showed strong perinuclear staining in the epithelium. According to our data,
gene silencing may result in autophagy abnormalities, which could then cause respiratory system pathologies via defective lung cell degradation by lysosome-dependent cell elimination.
We investigated DAB1-protein deficiency in the inner-ear development of
in comparison to humans and wild-type (wt) mice by immunofluorescence for the expression of connexins (Cxs) and the pannexin ...Panx1. The spatial and temporal dynamics of Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, Cx45, and Panx1 were determined in the sixth and eighth weeks of human development and at the corresponding mouse embryonic E13.5 and E15.5, in order to examine gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and hemichannel formation. The quantification of the area percentage covered by positive signal was performed for the epithelium and mesenchyme of the cochlear and semicircular ducts and is expressed as the mean ± SD. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Almost all of the examined Cxs were significantly decreased in the cochlear and semicircular ducts of yotari compared to wt and humans, except for Cx32, which was significantly higher in
. Cx40 dominated in human inner-ear development, while yotari and wt had decreased expression. The Panx1 expression in yotari was significantly lower than that in the wt and human inner ear, except at E13.5 in the mesenchyme of the wt and epithelium and mesenchyme of humans. Our results emphasize the relevance of GJIC during the development of vestibular and cochlear functions, where they can serve as potential therapeutic targets in inner-ear impairments.
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