Economic violence (EV) refers to acts of control and monitoring of the behavior of an individual in terms of the use and distribution of money, and the constant threat of denying economic resources. ...EV has hindered a great proportion of women from achieving economic autonomy and sustainable livelihood for themselves and their dependents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of EV among Croatian women, to identify the main forms of EV and to evaluate interconnection between EV and selected sociodemographic indicators. As part of this cross-sectional study a validated, anonymous questionnaire that contained questions regarding sociodemographic data as well as questions regarding EV was self-administered to a sample of women from two Croatian counties, one continental (Osijek-Baranja) and one maritime (Istria), during April and May 2017. The study sample included 1314 women, the median age being 41 (interquartile range 32–55) years. The overall prevalence of EV was 18.9%; 77.5% being qualified as less and 22.5% as more severe. Among the women who experienced EV 96.0%, 59.8% and 36.1% of them were exposed to economic control, economic exploitation and employment sabotage, respectively. The EV was more prevalent among women from maritime (Istria) county (P<0.001); women aged between 44 and 56 years and women aged between 31 and 43 years (P<0.001); women who were single (P<0.001); women with lower educational level (P=0.006) and women with under average self perceived socioeconomic status (P<0.001). It can be concluded that EV is highly prevalent among Croatian women and as such represents an important public health challenge within this population. Selected sociodemographic indicators represent significant risk factors for the development of EV in the studied population.
Ekonomsko nasilje (EN) odnosi se na djela kontrole i
praćenja ponašanja pojedinca u smislu upotrebe i raspodjele novca i stalne
prijetnje uskraćivanjem ekonomskih resursa. EN je spriječilo veliki broj žena u
postizanju ekonomske autonomije i održivog života za sebe i svoje uzdržavane
članove obitelji. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati prevalenciju EN među
ženama u Hrvatskoj, identificirati glavne oblike EN i procijeniti međusobnu
povezanost EN i odabranih sociodemografskih pokazatelja. Kao dio ove presječne
studije, validirani, anonimni upitnik koji je sadržavao pitanja u vezi sa sociodemografskim podacima, kao i pitanja u vezi s EN-em, je samostalno
ispunjavao uzorak žena iz dvije hrvatske županije, jedne kontinentalne
(Osječko-baranjske) i jedne priobalne (Istarske), tijekom travnja i svibnja
2017. godine. Uzorak ispitanica obuhvaćao je 1314 žena, srednje dob od 41
(interkvartilni raspon 32-55) godine. Ukupna prevalencija EN bila je 18,9%;
77,5% je kvalificirano kao lakši, a 22,5% kao teži oblik EN. Među ženama koje
su doživjele EN 96,0%, 59,8% i 36,1% njih bilo je izloženo ekonomskoj kontroli,
odnosno ekonomskom iskorištavanju i sabotaži u zapošljavanju. EN je bilo
zastupljenije među ženama iz priobalne županije (Istra) (P<0,001); među
ženama u dobi između 44 i 56 godina i ženama u dobi između 31 i 43 godine
(P<0,001); među ženama koje nisu bile u vezi (P<0,001); ženama s nižom razinom
obrazovanja (P=0,006) i ženama s ispodprosječnim samoprocijenjenim
socioekonomskim statusom (P<0,001). Može se zaključiti da je EN vrlo
rasprostranjeno među ženama u Hrvatskoj i kao takvo predstavlja važan
javnozdravstveni izazov u ovoj populaciji. Odabrani sociodemografski
pokazatelji predstavljaju značajne čimbenike rizika za razvoj EN u istraživanoj
populaciji.
The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy underscores the fact that the general public does not uniformly embrace scientific recommendations. Vaccine hesitancy represents a spectrum, encompassing both ...those who accept all vaccines and those who outright reject them. This paper aims to explore the relationship between science literacy, contextual factors, and vaccine hesitancy while accounting for specific mediation mechanisms. The authors applied a theoretical framework derived from the deficit model and the contextual model of public understanding of science. Hypotheses regarding the relationship between scientific literacy, religiosity, political identification, and vaccine hesitancy were tested. The authors also tested several hypotheses based on the assumption that the perception of scientific credibility and institutional trust are significant mediators of the above-mentioned relationships. The data from an online survey with a nationally representative quota sample of the Croatian population (with an average age of 42.6 years.) were used (N = 1,500), while the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the perception of scientific credibility plays a significant role as a mechanism that translates the impacts of literacy, religiosity, and political identification. Institutional trust proved to be a significant mediator but in a way opposite to the hypotheses, which points to the need to contextualize the aforementioned relationships. The authors also determined that younger age, right-wing political orientation, higher religiosity, and lower scientific literacy were the determinants of hesitancy in both vaccine types (COVID-19 and vaccines in general), thus indicating that they might be connected to deeply rooted value dispositions.
Plain Language Summary
Vaccine hesitancy and trust in science
The paper deals with the issue of vaccine hesitancy and tries to determine the characteristics of people with a more skeptical attitude towards vaccination. The results of online research conducted among the general Croatian population showed that younger people, more religious people, and people with a right-wing political orientation have a more negative attitude towards vaccination and that this can mostly be explained by their lower trust in science and scientists.
Zakon grada Kastva (Kastavski statut) ulazi u skupinu pravnih tekstova, a oni su u hrvatskom srednjovjekovlju i ranom novovjekovlju pisani narodnim jezikom, bez (znatnijega) naslojavanja elemenata ...hrvatskoga crkvenoslavenskoga jezika (Damjanović 2008; Kuzmić 2009, 2011). Uz nužan metodološki oprez jer je riječ o pisanom tekstu koji se po određenim značajkama razlikuje od govornoga diskursa, pravni su tekstovi ipak relevantan izvor podataka za povijesnu dijalektologiju (Ivić 1955/1956; Frellesvig 1996; Lukežić 2005) pa će se u ovom radu značajke srednjovjekovnoga kastavskoga kronolekta ekscerpirati iz Margetićeva prijepisa Zakona grada Kastva od Leta 1400. te će se usporediti sa suvremenim kronolektom, prema podatcima iz stručne literature i vlastitih terenskih istraživanja. Analiza odabranih jezičnih varijabli pokazat će razlike i sličnosti među dvama kronolektima i utvrdit će se njihova stabilnost iz čega će se moći iščitati pravci jezičnoga razvoja kastavskoga govora te pridonijeti utvrđivanju kronologije jezičnih mijena.
The loss of quality of life is the major consequence following a non-fatal road traffic accident (RTA). Previous research regarding quality of life did not include uninjured RTA survivors. The ...research aim was thus to evaluate the quality of life of the RTA survivors regardless of whether or not they sustained injures, and to identify factors associated with decreased quality of life after the RTA.
A cohort of 200 RTA survivors with and without injuries was followed after experiencing an RTA. The quality of life and mental health outcomes were assessed 1 month following RTA. A vast range of sociodemographic, pre-RTA health-related, RTA related, RTA injury-related, compensation-related factors and mental health outcomes were investigated.
Decreased quality of life following an RTA showed an association with the low socioeconomic status of the RTA victims, poor pre-RTA health, injury-related factors, compensation-related factors and psychological disorders after the RTA.
Identifying predictors of decreased quality of life following an RTA will enable planning interventions targeting the most important factors that influence recovery of RTA victims. Assessing and recording of self-reported quality of life should be a part of the routine protocol in RTA survivors' health-care.
Across the world, as well as in Croatia, there is a continuous increase in the consumption of chicken meat, and attempts are being made in modern poultry production to improve its quality as much as ...possible by using various natural additives. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen on the quality of chicken meat. In order to determine this effect, the carcass body weight of slaughtered chickens and carcass yield were determined, as well as the average pH1 and pH2 of chicken breast muscle, drip loss values, and skin color and chicken breast muscle color expressed as values of L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness). The study was conducted on 200 Ross 308 chickens, divided into five groups. Throughout the study, the control group of chickens was fed with a basal diet, while the experimental groups of chickens were fed with the basal diet supplemented with propolis and bee pollen, each supplement given separately or in combination in specific proportions. At the end of the experiment (42nd day), 10 chickens from each group were slaughtered for the analyses mentioned above. The carcass yield values were significantly higher (P = 0.038) and the drip loss values were significantly lower (P = 0.003) in the experimental groups in comparison to the control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in b* skin color (P = 0.017) and b* chicken breast muscle color (P<0.001) between the groups of chickens. The study showed that dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen has a significant positive effect on the quality of chicken meat.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a transgenerational transmission of violence within the family on a sample of parents of preschool children in Croatia, and to identify the ...factors that increase the likelihood of child abuse. The Child Abuse Questionnaire was self-administered to the sample of 118 parents of preschool children (91 mothers and 27 fathers) during February 2013. There were 7.7% of mothers and 3.8% of fathers who answered that they slapped their child, while 15.4% of the fathers answered that they even hit their child with a fist. We found the subjects who were psychologically and/or physically abused in childhood by their parents to have a higher probability of following the exact model of violence on their children. So, children suffer physical violence in larger families from parents who, in turn, suffered physical violence in childhood from their fathers, controlled for all other factors in the model. Children suffer psychological violence from parents who experienced psychological violence from their own parents during childhood, controlled for all other factors in the model. We also found the higher number of family members in a household to be a risk factor for abuse. The study has confirmed that additional interventions are necessary to break the model of transmitting violence from generation to generation.
Summary
Background
Research findings of the association and its pattern between obesity and psychiatric/psychological comorbidities are not consistent across the types of comorbidities or the study ...subgroups.
Objectives
We aimed to perform meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies and longitudinal studies analysing obesity as a risk factor for conduct disorder in order to assess the association between child/adolescent overweight/obesity and conduct disorder.
Methods
Systematic literature search, study selection and data extraction were performed independently by the two authors. Data were analysed by Comprehensive Meta‐analysis software.
Results
Analysis of 13 high‐quality cross‐sectional studies including 79 027 children and adolescents indicated a significant association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder among children and adolescents (OR 1.32 95% CI, 1.18‐1.49, I2 = 86.68), with no publication bias. Subgroup analyses yielded a significant difference (P < .01) between boys and girls. Analysis of four low‐ to moderate‐quality longitudinal studies (OR 1.11 95% CI, 0.89‐1.38, I2 = 57.69) showed no prospective association between overweight/obesity and conduct disorder. Subgroup analysis according to gender revealed a significant positive association for boys and negative association for girls.
Conclusions
Based on the high‐quality cross‐sectional data, overweight and obesity are associated with conduct disorder among children and adolescents, affecting boys more frequently than girls. Results of the longitudinal analysis indicated possible association in boys, while girls seem to be protected from conduct disorder. However, these results are very unreliable, indicating the need of well‐designed longitudinal studies to elucidate the pattern of association between these disorders.
Bone healing after tooth extraction may be affected by defects of the alveolus buccal wall, such as fenestrations and dehiscences. Therefore, to minimize dimensional changes it is advisable to ...perform alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extractions. Different biomaterials are used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative histological changes in human biopsies taken after 6 months of healing of extraction sockets with buccal wall defects. For this purpose, the defects of 36 patients (18 per group) were treated with injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (I-BCP) or bovine xenograft (BX) after extraction. After six months of healing, biopsies were taken and proceeded to the histology laboratory. No evidence of an inflammatory response of the tissue was observed in the biopsies of either group, and the newly formed bone (NB) was in close contact with the remaining biomaterial (BM). The histomorphometric results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean percentage of NB (p = 0.854), BM (p = 0.129), and soft tissue (p = 0.094). To conclude, both biomaterials exhibited osteoconductivity and biocompatibility and achieved satisfactory bone regeneration of buccal wall defects after tooth extraction.
This experimental study aimed to determine how propolis and bee pollen (each supplement separately or in combination in a certain proportion), as additives to broiler feed, affect performance, ...mortality and the values of the selected haematological blood parameters in chickens. This experimental study was conducted on 200 Ross 308 chickens of equally distributed sex, which were randomly divided into five groups. Throughout the whole study, the control group of chickens was fed ordinary feed mixture, while the feed mixture that was fed to the experimental groups of chickens contained propolis and/or bee pollen. The average values of body weight of chickens were significantly higher on the 1st (P=0.001), 2nd-5th (P<0.001) and 6th (P=0.002) weeks of fattening in the experimental groups of chickens in comparison to the control group; the average values of weight gain of chickens were significantly higher on the 1st (P<0.001), 2nd (P=0.002), 3rd (P<0.001), 4th (P=0.029) and 5th (P=0.009) weeks. Lower mortality was recorded in all the experimental groups in comparison to the control group of chickens (P=0.031). Higher values of MCV (P=0.009) and haematocrit (P=0.015) and lower values of the leukocyte count (P=0.029) and of the relative ratio of Mo (P<0.001) were recorded in the experimental groups of chickens in comparison to the control group on the 21st day of fattening. Higher values of the relative ratio of heterophils (P<0.001) and lower values of the relative ratios of lymphocytes (P<0.001) and monocytes (P=0.027) were recorded in the experimental groups of chickens in comparison to the control group on the 42nd day of fattening. The results of this study showed that supplementation with propolis and/or bee pollen improved the general health condition of the chickens and positively affected the performance and the values of the selected haematological blood parameters in the chickens.Key words: natural feeding additives; chickens; health; blood; chicken feeding VPLIV CVETNEGA PRAHU IN PROPOLISA NA RAST, SMRTNOST IN NEKATERE HEMATOLOŠKE KAZALNIKE PRI PIŠČANCIH BROJLERJIHNamen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako cvetni prah ali propolis posamezno ali v kombinaciji vplivata na prirast, smrtnost in nekatere hematološke kazalnike pri piščancih brojlerjih. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 200 piščancev brojlerjev pasme ross308. Piščanci so bili razdeljeni naključno v pet poskusnih skupin, v katerih sta bila enakomerno zastopana oba spola. Kontrolna skupina piščancev je ves čas raziskave prejemala navadno hrano za brojlerje, medtem ko so 4 poskusne skupine prejemale hrano z dodatkom cvetnega prahu in sicer skupina 1 (P1) 0,25 g propolisa in 20 g cvetnega prahu/kg hrane, skupina 2 (P2) 0,5 g propolisa/kg hrane, skupina 3 (P3) 1 g propolisa/kg hrane in skupina 4 (P4) 20 g cvetnega prahu/kg hrane. Telesna teža piščancev je bila statistično značilno višja 1. (p < 0,001), 2. (p < 0,001) in 5. (p < 0,01) teden raziskave v vseh poskusnih skupinah v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Podobno je bil tudi povprečen dnevni prirast pri piščancih iz poskusnih skupin statistično značilno višji 1. (p < 0,001), 2. (p < 0,01), 3. (p < 0,001), 4. (p < 0,05) in 5. (p < 0,01) teden raziskave. Tudi smrtnost je bila statistično značilno nižja v vseh poskusnih skupinah v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino (p < 0,05). Piščanci iz poskusnih skupin so imeli 21. dan poskusa v povprečju višje vrednosti MCV (p < 0,01) in hematokrita (p < 0,05) ter nižje povprečno število levkocitov (p < 0,05) in relativno razmerje MO (p < 0,001). Na 42. dan poskusa smo ugotovili višje vrednosti razmerja med heterofilci (p < 0,001) ter nižje relativne vrednosti limfocitov (p < 0,001) in monocitov (p < 0,05) pri piščancih iz poskusnih skupin v primerjavi s piščanci iz kontrolne skupine. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da dodajanje propolisa ali cvetnega prahu izboljša splošno zdravstveno stanje piščancev brojlerjev ter posledično izboljša njihov prirast ter zviša telesno maso, zato bi se ju lahko uporabljalo kot dodatka k hrani za piščance brojlerje.Ključne besede: piščanci; prirast; zdravstveno stanje; propolis; cvetni prah
Introduction: Oral usage of flavonoid-based drugs can be successfully applied in the conservative treatment of internal haemorrhoids; however, its efficiency in a form of topical preparations has not ...been demonstrated yet. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficiency of ointment with propolis extract (containing minimally 115 mg/kg of flavonoid galangin) in relief and suppression of the symptomatic internal haemorrhoids grade 1 and 2 (bleeding, prolapse, pain, and itching).
Methods: This prospective cohort epidemiological study that included 46 participants of both genders, mean age 53.6±14.3 years, was conducted in the general practice setting in Osijek, Croatia and lasted for three months. A specially designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data concerning the haemorrhoid disease symptoms and to evaluate the intensity of the latter data according to the scale defined in the research protocol.
Results: The study showed statistically significant improvements in the intensity of all the symptoms connected with the internal haemorrhoids grade 1 and 2 (p<0.001) during the follow up period, as well as statistically significant differences in proportions of participants with and without of the each of the analysed symptoms before and after the therapy (p<0.001). After three months of therapy with ointment containing propolis extract 82.7% patients (38/46) had none of the analysed symptoms.
Conclusions: Ointment with propolis extract efficiently affected all the analysed symptoms of the haemorrhoid disease thus having a very significant place within the conservative treatment of haemorrhoids.
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