Cet ouvrage s’ajoute à un ensemble remarquable de publications par et autour de Mercedes Volait, dont l’œuvre vise à renouveler l’histoire de l’architecture, de la culture artistique et du goût dans ...l’Égypte des XIXe et XXe siècles. Laissant de côté les postulats idéologiques, d’inspiration post-moderne, qui ont longtemps dominé les études sur l’orientalisme en art, M. Volait entend prendre au sérieux les démarches propres aux architectes, artistes et collectionneurs du temps. Le questionnair...
This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming ...championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes' unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes' emotional states during a complete training program.
Grounded within a multidimensional and multilevel approach, the aim of this study was to investigate the time course of Psychological Adaptation Process (PAP) dimensions (social, emotional, ...occupational, and physical) during one-year polar winter-overs in Subantarctic and Antarctic stations. The effects of perceived control (PC) at the start of polar winter on the dynamics of the PAP dimensions were also examined. The present findings clarify some changes in PAP in extreme environments: (a) The dimensions of psychological adaptation evolved differently as a function of environmental conditions; and (b) PC influenced the trajectories of PAP dimensions. These findings elucidate the importance and complexity of psychological dimensions and the significant role of PC in adaptation to an extreme environment.
•Details drawing the outlines of adaptation in extreme environments.•Psychological adaptation dimensions evolved differently according to the environmental conditions.•Perceived Control influenced the trajectories of PAP dimensions.
A lack of explicit early clinical signs and effective screening measures mean that ovarian cancer (OC) often presents as advanced, incurable disease. While conventional treatment combines maximal ...cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, patients frequently develop chemoresistance and disease recurrence. The clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) aims to restore anti-cancer T-cell function in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Disappointingly, even though tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with superior survival in OC, ICB has offered limited therapeutic benefits. Herein, we discuss specific TME features that prevent ICB from reaching its full potential, focussing in particular on the challenges created by immune, genomic and metabolic alterations. We explore both recent and current therapeutic strategies aiming to overcome these hurdles, including the synergistic effect of combination treatments with immune-based strategies and review the status quo of current clinical trials aiming to maximise the success of immunotherapy in OC.
This study examined the effect of an asynchronous heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BFBasync) protocol on national-level adolescent swimmers' cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states ...during a six-week ecological training period. A polynomial mixed-effects multilevel regression analysis approach was used with 27 adolescent national-level swimmers randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 13). Six waves of assessments of cognitive appraisals and recovery-stress states were completed during six weeks of training preparation in ecological conditions. The results revealed that the HRV-BFBasync protocol significantly predicts lower levels of biopsychosocial stress states and cognitive stress. However, no significant effects were found for biopsychosocial recovery scales and cognitive perceived control. The results suggested that total stress states, sport-specific stress, and cognitive perceived stress evolutions are a function of polynomial time third-degree interactions with HRV-BFB protocol. Overall, this study suggested that the HRV-BFBasync protocol leads adolescent athletes to experience lower biopsychosocial and cognitive stress levels during training periodization. Our results also suggest that HRV-BFB induces complex evolutions over time for stress and recovery states but does not have a predictive function for the recovery states and perceived control.
Given the positive influence of Emotional intelligence (EI) on sports performance, particular attention should be paid on how to improve it. Following promising results, previous research concluding ...that it was possible to improve EI via specific training programs also raised considerable debates. Indeed, previous EI training programs were very time consuming for participants. This lessens consequently their suitability with the schedule constraints of elite sport. While, in absence of sport psychologists, numerous coaches or physiologists try to work with players to improve their emotional competences, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of EI training programs fitting the schedule constraints of elite team sports, provided by three different EI trainers: the team’s coach, the team’s physiotherapist, and an expert in sport psychology. Young elite rugby union players (N=96) participated in this study. Based on schedule constraints imposed by the head coach of the French u18 rugby union national team, the program consisted in three 1hr group-based EI training sessions occuring the last three days before a game (1 per day). Linear Mixed Effects models showed that despite the constraining organizational challenge imposed by the coach, the intervention helped the players to increase some emotional competences at the trait level. Furthermore, a pairwise analysis showed that the type of emotional competencies developed depended on the status of the EI trainers. These findings highlight the suitability of a group-based approach in the training-week structure. They also point the way to EI improvement in a short period of time. Moreover, the specific influences of the EI trainer’s status on players’ EI development invite coaches and researchers to jointly combine their efforts in order to increase the EI training opportunities and to maximize the effects of their interventions. Together, these preliminary results provide first evidence facilitating the integration of such work in the preparation periods during international seasons.
This study determined cortisol concentrations in hair that had grown for one month and in hair from a previously unshorn area and examined the effects of calendar month, pregnancy and illness on hair ...cortisol concentrations in dairy cows. The study was conducted over a one-year period using 27 cows. Electric clippers were used to collect two hair samples per cow each month. The first sample (A sample) consisted of hair that had grown for one month in a pre-clipped area and the second sample (B sample) comprised all hair from a previously unshorn area. Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry was used for cortisol measurement. The overall mean concentrations for A and B samples did not differ. Cortisol concentrations of A samples were significantly higher in the winter (0.86±0.37pg/mg) than in the fall (0.67±0.33pg/mg). The hair cortisol concentration in A samples increased during pregnancy and the maximum concentration of 1.40±1.08pg/mg hair in the month of calving was significantly higher than the concentration measured in the first month (0.66±0.32pg/mg). The findings show that the effect of short-term stressors such as parturition on hair cortisol concentrations are more easily detected in hair that has grown for one month than in hair from a previously unshorn area.
•We compared the cortisol concentration of hair grown for one month (A) with that from a previously unshorn area in cows (B)•In the month of parturition, the hair cortisol concentration in A samples was higher than in the preceding months•Hair cortisol concentrations of A samples were significantly higher in the winter than in the fall•Hair cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly before and after an illness
The purpose of this study was to identify the potentially distinct defense profiles of athletes in order to provide insight into the complex associations that can exist between defenses and other ...important variables tied to performance in sports (e.g., coping, perceived stress and control) and to further our understanding of the complexity of the adaptation process in sports. Two hundred and ninety-six (
= 296) athletes participated in a naturalistic study that involved a highly stressful situation: a sports competition. Participants were assessed before and after the competition. Hierarchical cluster analysis and a series of MANOVAs with
comparisons indicated two stable defense profiles (high and low defense profiles) of athletes both before and during sport competition. These profiles differed with regards to coping, stress and control. Athletes with high defense profiles reported higher levels of coping strategies, perceived stress and control than athletes with low defense profiles. This study confirmed that defenses are involved in the psychological adaptation process and that research and intervention should not be based only on coping, but rather must include defense mechanisms in order to improve our understanding of psychological adaptation in competitive sports.
Morbidity and Mortality conference provides the necessary improvement measures for patient safety. However, they are an underused resource mainly because the conclusions to be drawn from the ...discussion and their implications for practice are not always well integrated by inpatient care teams. We therefore propose in this study two interventions to optimise their effectiveness: a passive feedback with wide dissemination by e-mail and/or on paper of the results of the Morbidity and Mortality conference to inpatient care teams and an active feedback with in situ inter-professional simulation-training programme in which scenarios will be based on cases studied in Morbidity and Mortality conference. In the present study, we hypothesise that the greatest reduction the occurrence of adverse event will be in the active feedback arm.
A cluster randomised controlled study will be performed at four study sites. The unit of randomisation is wards within the study sites. Fifteen wards will be randomly assigned to passive feedback, active feedback, or a standard MMC (control arm). Passive feedback and active feedback arms will be compared to standard arm in terms of occurrence of adverse events. The trigger tool methodology used to identify adverse events is a retrospective review of inpatient records using "triggers": an adverse event is defined as a patient's stay with at least one positive trigger.
The in situ simulation training based on cases processed in Morbidity and Mortality conference is built according to the main topics identified for the successful implementation of healthcare simulation in patient safety programmes: technical skills, nontechnical skills, assessment, effectiveness, and system probing. The in situ simulation-training programme conducted as part of the study has the potential to improve patient safety during hospitalisation. We therefore expect the greatest reduction in the occurrence of adverse events in patients hospitalised in the active feedback arm. This expected result would have a direct impact on patient safety and would place in situ simulation at the highest level of the Kirkpatrick model.
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02771613. Registered on May 12, 2016. All items from the WHO Trial Registration Data Set can be found within the protocol.
Confinement experiments are essential to prepare long-term space exploration. The 180-day Chinese CELSS (Controlled Ecological Life Support System) study is unique in its design, including a ...closed-loop system and mid-mission simulation of Mars-like day-night cycle of 24 h 40 min for 36 days (days 72-108). Our aim was to study physiological and psychological consequences of this confinement in four healthy volunteers (one female). CELSS platform consisted of six interconnected modules including four greenhouses. Life support systems were controlled automatically. Body composition, fluid compartments, metabolic state, heart, large vessels, endothelial function, and muscle tone were studied using biological, functional, and/or morphological measurements. Behavioral activities were studied by ethological monitoring; psychological state was assessed by questionnaires. Body weight decreased by ∼2 kg mostly due to lean mass loss. Plasma volume and volume-regulating hormones were mostly stable. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) increased by 10-15%. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation decreased. Masseter tone increased by 6-14% suggesting stress, whereas paravertebral muscle tone diminished by 10 ± 6%. Behavioral flow reflecting global activity decreased 1.5- to 2-fold after the first month. Psychological questionnaires revealed decrease in hostility and negative emotions but increase in emotional adaptation suggesting boredom and monotony. One subject was clearly different with lower fitness, higher levels of stress and anxiety, and somatic signs as back pain, peak in masseter tone, increased blood cortisol and C-reactive protein. Comparison of CELSS experiment with Mars500 confinement program suggests the need for countermeasures to prevent increased IMT and endothelial deconditioning. Daily activity in greenhouse could act as countermeasure against psycho-physiological deconditioning.
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