Working in extreme environments requires a wide range of cognitive, psychological and social competences. Antarctica represents one of the most challenging habitats to work in due to its aridity, ...extremely cold weather, and isolated conditions. This study aimed to assess mood variations and coping strategies, as well as their possible modulation by group dynamics in a crew at the Belgrano II Argentine Antarctic Station throughout 1 year of confinement. Thirteen members of the Argentine Army completed emotional, coping and social dynamics questionnaires bimonthly in March, May, July, September and November. Results showed a significant decline in social dynamics scales, evidenced by decreases in perceived peer and hierarchical support. Additionally, coping strategies displayed a drop in mature defence throughout the expedition. A positive correlation was found between social support and recovery from stress. Our results highlight the importance of interpersonal relationships in psychological adjustment to isolation and extreme environments.
Results of recent clinical trials using the immune check point inhibitors (ICI) pembrolizumab or dostarlimab with/without lenvatinib has led to their approval for specific molecular subgroups of ...advanced recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). Herein, we summarise the clinical data leading to this first tissue-agnostic approval. As this novel therapy is not yet available in the United Kingdom standard care setting, we explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of ICI treatment in EC. Major databases were searched focusing on clinical trials using programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) ICI which ultimately contributed to anti-PD-1 approval in EC. We performed a data quality assessment, reviewing survival and safety analysis. We included 15 studies involving 1609 EC patients: 458 with mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status and 1084 with mismatch repair proficiency/microsatellite stable (MMRp/MSS) status. Pembrolizumab/dostarlimab have been approved for MMRd ECs, with the addition of lenvatinib for MMRp cases in the recurrent setting. Future efforts will focus on the pathological assessment of biomarkers to determine molecular phenotypes that correlate with response or resistance to ICI in order to identify patients most likely to benefit from this treatment.
The data presented in this article relate to the research article entitled “assessing psychological adaptation during polar winter-overs: The isolated and confined environments questionnaire (ICE-Q)” ...1. These data were acquired in order to develop a standardized instrument – the ICE-Q – designed to assess psychological adaptation within isolated, confined, and extreme environments. A total of 140 winterers from several sub-Antarctic (Amsterdam, Crozet, Kerguelen) and Antarctic (Concordia, Terre Adélie) stations voluntarily participated. Data were collected by multiple self-report questionnaires including a wide variety of well-known and validated questionnaires to record the winterers’ responses to polar stations. Data were gathered across two or three winter seasons within each of the 5 polar stations to ensure sufficiently large sample. From four to seven measurement time along a one-year period were proposed to the participants, resulting in 479 momentary assessments. Results of exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, exploratory structural equation modelling, reliability analyses, and test-retest provided strong evidence for the construct validity of the ICE-Q (19–item 4-factor questionnaire). The four factors were social, emotional, occupational and physical. Future studies would examine the dynamic of psychological adaptation in isolated, confined and/or extreme environments during polar missions.
This study investigated the time-course of stress and recovery states and their relations to social support and personality traits in healthy women during a long-term head-down tilt bed rest. ...Personality, social support and affective states were assessed in 16 women exposed to simulated microgravity for a 60-day duration involving three stages: a 20-day baseline control period (BDC), a 60-day head-down tilt bed rest (HDT) and a 20-day post-HDT ambulatory recovery period (R+). Participants were divided into two groups: an exercise (Exe,
n
=
8) and a control group (Ctl,
n
=
8). All the participants experienced significantly more stress during the HDT period. But exercise did not improve the impaired effects of simulated microgravity. The Exe group perceived more stress and less recovery than the Ctl group during the HDT period. Among the five major personality factors, only Neuroticism was related to both social and affective variables. Neuroticism was positively associated with stress and negatively associated with recovery and social support (S-SSQ). Practical implications in psychological countermeasures for better dealing with the key human factor in spaceflights are discussed.
For more than three decades, fierce debates raged both in private letters and across public spaces over a formula expressed in 1864 by the French geometer Michel Chasles. Proofs and refutations ...thereof abounded, to no avail: the formula was too useful to be abandoned by its defenders, too elusive to be made rigorous for its detractors. The disputes over Chasles’s formula would not be solved by a definitive proof or rebuttal; rather, the core epistemic issues at stake shifted from generality to rigor and from truth to geometrical significance. This essay tracks the main lines of circulation of Chasles’s formula and shows how the disputes to which it gave rise embody conflicting mathematical selves—that is to say, different normative accounts of what being a mathematician entails. This perspective allows for a renewed understanding of what historians have described as the conflicted rise of modernism in mathematics and a firmer rooting of it within broader late nineteenth-century cultural trends.
Abstract Cardiovascular toxicity is a potentially serious complication that can result from the use of various cancer therapies and can impact the short- and long-term prognosis of treated patients ...as well as cancer survivors. In addition to their potential acute cardiovascular adverse events, new treatments can lead to late toxicity even after their completion because patients who survive longer generally have an increased exposure to the cancer therapies combined to standard cardiovascular risk factors. These complications expose the patient to the risk of cardiovascular morbi- mortality, which makes managing cardiovascular toxicity a significant challenge. Cardio-oncology programs offer the opportunity to improve cardiovascular monitoring, safety, and management through a better understanding of the pathogenesis of toxicity and interdisciplinary collaborations. In this review, we address new challenges, perspectives, and research priorities in cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity to identify strategies that could improve the overall prognosis and survival of cancer patients. We also focus our discussion on the contribution of cardio-oncology in each step of the development and use of cancer therapies.
In our center, adjuvant chemotherapy is routinely offered in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients but less commonly as a standard treatment in low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) ...patients. This study evaluates the efficacy of this paradigm by analysing survival outcomes and by comparing the influence of different clinical and surgical characteristics between women with advanced LGSOC (
= 37) and advanced HGSOC (
= 300). Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent prognostic features for survival in LGSOC and HGSOC. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given in 99.7% of HGSOC patients versus in 27% of LGSOC (
< 0.0001). The LGSOC patients had greater surgical complexity scores (
< 0.0001), more frequent postoperative ICU/HDU admissions (
= 0.0002), and higher peri-/post-operative morbidity (
< 0.0001) compared to the HGSOC patients. The 5-year OS and progression-free survival (PFS) was 30% and 13% for HGSOC versus 57% and 21.6% for LGSOC,
= 0.016 and
= 0.044, respectively. Surgical complexity (HR 5.3, 95%CI 1.2-22.8,
= 0.024) and complete cytoreduction (HR 62.4, 95% CI 6.8-567.9,
< 0.001) were independent prognostic features for OS in LGSOC. This study demonstrates no clear significant survival advantage of chemotherapy in LGSOC. It highlights the substantial survival benefit of dynamic multi-visceral surgery to achieve complete cytoreduction as the primary treatment for LGSOC patients.
This study aimed to identify the type and effectiveness of emotional regulation strategies used by table tennis players to manage their emotions experienced during competition. Using a naturalistic ...video-assisted approach, 30 interviews were conducted with 11 national table tennis players. Ten emotions were identified in the participants' transcriptions: anger, anxiety, discouragement, disappointment, disgust, joy, serenity, relief, hope, and pride. Qualitative analyses of participants' transcriptions revealed the emergence of 4 categories pertaining to emotion regulation: (a) regulation efforts comprising: (i) antecedent-focused regulation (e.g., attention deployment, cognitive change); (ii) response-focused regulation (e.g., behavioral regulation, physiological regulation); and (iii) social support; (b) automatic regulation; (c) no regulation; and (d) regulation effectiveness. Quantitative analyses of participants' transcriptions revealed that: (a) attention deployment strategies emerged as the emotional regulation strategies the most used by participants; (b) some strategies were preferentially used to manage particular emotions during competition (e.g., physiological regulation strategies were essentially used to manage anxiety); (c) automaticity of emotion regulation was strongly associated with a high perceived effectiveness; (d) automatic strategies were associated with specific emotions such as joy, relief, or anger; (e) positive emotions were almost always managed well; (f) a large variability in the emotional regulation effectiveness of negative emotions appeared; disgust, discouragement, and anxiety being the emotions the least efficaciously regulated; and (g) athletes who rated selected emotional regulation strategies as effective really performed well and those who rated selected emotional regulation strategies as ineffective really failed to perform up to their potential.
Whether left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) bears a different prognosis than dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is still a matter of debate.
From a multicenter French prospective registry, we compared ...the outcomes of 98 patients with LVNC and 65 with DCM. The primary endpoint combined cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, and hospitalization for cardiovascular events. The two groups presented similar outcomes but different left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) (43.3% in LVNC vs. 35.95% in DCM,
= 0.001). For this reason, a subgroup analysis was performed comparing only patients with LVEF
45%, including 56 with LVNC and 49 with DCM.
Among patients with LVEF
45%, at 5-year follow-up, the primary endpoint occurred in 33 (58.9%) among 56 patients with LVNC and 18 (36.7%) among 49 patients with DCM (
= 0.02). Hospitalization for heart failure (18 32.14% vs. 5 10.20%,
= 0.035) and heart transplantation were more frequent in the LVNC than in the DCM group. The incidences of rhythmic complications (24 42.85% vs. 12 24.48%,
= 0.17), embolic events, and cardiovascular death were similar between LVNC and DCM cases. Among the 42 patients with LVNC and LVEF > 45%, the primary endpoints occurred in only 4 (9.52%) patients, including 2 hospitalizations for heart failure and 3 rhythmic complications, but no embolic events.
In this prospective cohort, patients with LVNC who have left ventricular dysfunction present a poorer prognosis than DCM patients. Heart failure events were especially more frequent, but embolic events were not. Patients with LVNC and preserved ejection fraction present very few events in 5 years.
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