A new pixel readout prototype has been developed at CERN for high-energy physics applications. This full mixed mode circuit has been implemented in a commercial 0.5
μm CMOS technology. Its radiation ...tolerance has been enhanced by designing all NMOS transistors in enclosed geometry and introducing guardrings wherever necessary. The technique is explained and its effectiveness demonstrated on various irradiation measurements on individual transistors and on the prototype. Circuit performance started to degrade only after a total dose of 600
krad–1.7 Mrad depending on the type of radiation. 10
keV X-rays,
60
Co
gamma-rays, 6.5
MeV protons, and minimum ionizing particles were used. Implications of this layout approach on the circuit design and perspectives for even deeper submicron technologies are discussed.
Biofuels from Algae Kleinová, A.; Cvengrošová, Z.; Rimarčík, J. ...
Procedia engineering,
2012, 2012-00-00, Letnik:
42
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are used as alternative diesel fuel originating from renewable sources. The attention is focused on the materials that do not compete with food and feed production. ...Algae have a significant potential as an alternative biodiesel feedstock. In comparison to other crops, they have the advantage in very fast reproduction cycles, enhanced resistance to high UV radiation doses and higher effectiveness of energy conversion to biomass due to low demands on other metabolic functions. Moreover, they fix waste CO2 very efficiently. The key problem is to destroy the algae cell in order to obtain the oil. In this work, the results of FAME preparation from received algae oils are presented. This study confirms that Nannochloropsis and Chlorella microalgae provide valuable triacyglycerols for the biofuel production. Characteristics of prepared FAME meet the EN 14 214 standard requirements. However, FAME from algae oil may exhibit impaired oxidative stability due to higher level of unsaturation.
Proizvodnja i konzumacija kozjeg mlijeka u svijetu je u stalnom porastu kao i broj koza, koji se povećava u odnosu na ostale vrste mliječnih životinja. To se posebno odnosi na zemlje u kojima je ...kozje mlijeko odraz tradicionalne proizvodnje. Sastojci kozjeg mlijeka svojim osobinama (bolja probavljivost, hipoalergenost, veći puferni kapacitet, viša pH vrijednost) povoljno djeluju na zdravlje ljudi. Prednost kozjeg mlijeka u odnosu na kravlje je i u višem sadržaju selena, koji je neophodan za aktivnost enzima glutation peroksidaze, značajnog u prevenciji karcinoma i krvožilnih bolesti. Kozje mlijeko u usporedbi s kravljim sadrži više masnih kiselina koje povoljno utječu na zdravlje ljudi, posebice na krvožilni sustav. Bjelančevine kozjeg mlijeka su probavljivije od bjelančevina kravljeg, a efikasnija je i apsorpcija aminokiselina. Osjetljivost ljudi na α-laktalbumin i β-laktoglobulin kravljeg mlijeka zanemariva je nakon zamjene kravljeg mlijeka s kozjim. Cilj ovog rada je navesti prednosti kozjeg mlijeka u odnosu na kravlje te istaknuti njegove terapijske i nutritivne vrijednosti.
Istria and Pag curd are specific products that are mostly consumed fresh made in coastal areas and on islands. Curd is a sort of soft cheese. Due to its structure, it is very healthy. It has a high ...nutritional value which is the result of a great amount of proteins that are easy to digest and have a high level of utilization. The aim of this study was to describe the technological process of production, to determine the chemical structure and to suggest the value of standardization on the basis of sensory evaluation. The total of 28 curd samples were physically and chemically analyzed according to standard and accredited scientific methods. Statistical data analysis was carried out by using the procedures of Microsoft Office Excel (2007). According to water content in cheese, Istria and Pag curd belongs to a group of soft cheeses. On average the water content in Istrian curd was 56.62 %, and in Pag curd was 63.03 %. Istrian curd showed higher values of the fat content (28.9 %) and the fat in a dry matter (64.47 %) than Pag curd (23.25 % and 59.65 %). The sensory quality of Istrian curd was not as homogenous as of Pag curd. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the physical and chemical structure of Istria and Pag curd was uneven, which is understandable if the production terms and conditions and the way of draining the curd are taken into account. The description of technological process of production and the understanding of physical and chemical structure of the curd, represent the significant contribution to the research and knowledge of domestic dairy products, which certainly should not be neglected in our dairy industry. In any case, these products deserve the experts full attention.
We investigated the influence of late pregnancy and lactation on bone metabolism in grazing dairy sheep, by measuring concentrations of minerals and bone markers in blood serum. The research was ...performed on ten cross-breed ewes (Istrian x East-Friesian). The concentrations of total Ca, inorganic P, total Mg, the activity of total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), concentrations of carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor--I (IGF-I) and 17-β estradiol (E2) were determined in the blood serum. The results showed significantly lower Ca concentrations in blood during lactation and P concentrations in the period of late lactation. Late lactation was characterized by the lowest CTx concentration and higher BAP activity. The obtained results are related to a decrease in the degree of bone resorption and an increase in the deposition of minerals in the bone tissue during late lactation. The increased concentration of CTx, with the simultaneous decrease in BAP activity in the period of late pregnancy and early lactation indicate a high magnitude of bone resorption. The concentration of IGF-I in the blood serum of the ewes is positively correlated with the activities of the total AP and BAP and the total Ca and Mg, which could be related to the activity of IGF-I on the osteoblasts and the release of minerals from the bones. The results of the present study show a relationship between concentrations of IGF-I and bone remodelling markers in the blood serum of dairy ewes, and their mutual correlation with changes in estradiol concentration. Key words: IGF-I, bone biochemical markers, dairy ewes, pregnancy, lactation Istrazen je ucinak kasne gravidnosti i laktacije na kostani metabolizam mlijecnih ovaca mjerenjem koncentracije minerala i biokemijskih pokazatelja kostane pregradnje. Istrazivanje je provedeno na deset krizanih ovaca (istarska x istocnofrizijska). Mjerene su koncentracije ukupnog kalcija, anorganskog fosfora, ukupnog magnezija, c-terminalnog telopeptida kolagena tipa I (CTx), inzulinu slicnog faktora rasta--I (IGF-I) i 17-β estradiola (E2) te aktivnost ukupne (AP) i kostano specificne alkalne fosfataze (BAP) u krvnom serumu. Rezultati su pokazali znacajno nize koncentracije kalcija u krvnom serumu tijekom laktacije i fosfora tijekom kasne laktacije. Kasna laktacija pokazala je najnizu vrijednost CTx i visu aktivnost BAP. Dobiveni rezultati upucuju na smanjenje opsega kostane razgradnje i poviseno odlaganje minerala u kostano tkivo tijekom kasne laktacije. Visa koncentracija CTx, uz istovremeno smanjenje aktivnosti BAP u serumu tijekom kasne gravidnosti i rane laktacije upucuju na visoki opseg razgradnje kostanog tkiva. Koncentracija IGF-I u krvnom je serumu bila u pozitvnoj korelaciji s aktivnoscu AP, BAP, te koncentracijama ukupnog kalcija i magnezija, sto moze biti povezano s ucinkom IGF-I na osteoblaste i otpustanje minerala iz kostiju. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su povezanost izmedu koncentracije IGF-I i biomarkera kostane pregradnje u krvnome serumu mlijecnih ovaca, kao i njihovu zajednicku korelaciju s koncentracijama estradiola. Kjucne rijeci: IGF-I, kostani biokemijski biljezi, mlijeCne ovce, gravidnost, laktacija
Riluzole (RP 54274) is an experimental benzothiazole with anesthetic properties, but little is known about its synaptic or cellular actions.
The authors investigated riluzole effects on synaptic ...response of CA 1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal brain slices. Electrophysiologic recordings of population spikes (PS), excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP), and fiber volleys were studied. Paired pulse stimulation (120 ms interpulse interval) was used to measure effects on gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic inhibition, and stimulus trains (33 Hz) were used to test for use-dependent effects.
Synaptically evoked PS discharge was blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by riluzole (2.0-20 microM), similar to effects produced by other anesthetics. Paired pulse inhibition was not altered by riluzole. In contrast, 20 microM thiopental produced a marked increase in paired pulse inhibition. Riluzole (5.0 microM) produced a 46.6 +/- 19.8% depression of glutamate-mediated EPSPs, which could account for most of the mate-mediated EPSPs, which could account for most of the depression of PS discharge (54.2 +/- 12.6%) produced by this concentration. Riluzole produced a 36 +/- 17% depression of fiver volley amplitudes, which, based on input/output analysis, could completely account for the depression of EPSPs. The depression of fiber volley amplitudes showed a marked use-dependence; the second and subsequent action potentials in a train were progressively depressed by riluzole to a greater extent than the first action potential.
Riluzole produced a potent block of excitatory synaptic transmission via depression of presynaptic conduction in glutamatergic nerve fibers. The use-dependent depression observed resembled that produced by some local anesthetics on nerve conduction and sodium channels. The presynaptic action, together with a lack of effect on gamma-amino butyric acid-mediated inhibition, provides a unique mechanism of action for a general anesthetic.
Exposure of murine skin to tumor-promoting agents such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) causes up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and increased prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. ...Pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 significantly reduces skin tumor development. However, we previously demonstrated that K14.COX-2 transgenic (TG) mice that overexpressed COX-2 in the epidermis were unexpectedly resistant to tumor development under the classical 7,12-dimethylbenzaanthracene-TPA protocol. In the present study, we employed a proteomic approach of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry to profile differentially expressed proteins in the epidermis of K14.COX-2 TG and wild-type control mice. Various 2-DE approaches were used to identify the maximum number of differentially expressed proteins: 20 for untreated samples, 3 for acetone-treated samples, and 22 for TPA-treated samples. These proteins include 14-3-3 sigma, numerous actin fragments, actin filament related proteins cofilin-1 and destrin, galectin-3, galectin-7, prohibitin, S100A6, S100A9, and many others. The differential expression of galectin-3, galectin-7, S100A9 was validated by Western blot analysis and/or immunohistochemical analysis. The current data suggest that some of the differentially expressed proteins might increase apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which, in turn, may provide insight into the role of COX-2 in skin tumorigenesis.
The adult education (AE) research community emphasise the importance of well-qualified personnel working in the field of AE. However, the field is facing with challenges achieving this aim. This ...chapter research professionalisation of AE from a multi-level perspective in one European Union member state – Slovenia. Based on empirical data from Slovenia, the chapter argues that coordination at three levels is important: at the national level, professionalisation is strengthened by state policies and regulations; at the organisational level, the professional development of adult educators is supported by organisations; and at the individual level, the focus is on professional knowledge and strengthening the professional identity of adult educators.
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