Persons with ID most often have incomplete, contradictory and imprecise knowledge of sexuality and sexual intercourse itself. They are not provided with sufficient information on their own body and ...sexuality, and are often discouraged from and sanctioned for trying to sexually express themselves. Sexual abuse due to low sexual assertiveness is also common.
The principal aim of this study was to establish the presence or absence of sexual activity in adults with ID residing in institutional housing, as well as the level and structure of their knowledge of sexuality, their sexual assertiveness and preparedness to react in a sexually dangerous situation.
The sample consisted of 100 participants with ID residing in institutional housing. The instruments used included the General Sexual Knowledge Questionnaire, What-if test and Hulbert index of sexual assertiveness. Comparative statistics included coefficient of linear correlation and multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that 82% of the participants are sexually active. Most participants admitted to sometimes having sexual intercourse against their wishes as well as to having difficulty asserting themselves. Their knowledge of pregnancy, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases was very low. Female participants and those that reported having sexual intercourse had more sexual knowledge and were also more sexually assertive.
Knowledge of sexuality and sexual assertiveness of persons with ID residing in institutional housing is very low. Additional information on sexuality is necessary, as well as support in learning to express their own desires and to deal with unwanted sexual activity.
Phonological skills have been found to be strongly related to early reading and writing development. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the development of ...phonological awareness facilitates reading acquisition in students learning to read a transparent orthography. Our research included 689 primary school students in first through third grade (Mean age 101.59 months, SD = 12,690). The assessment tools used to conduct this research include the Phonological Awareness Test and the Gray Oral Reading Test. According to the results from the present study, 13.7% of students have reading difficulties. Students with reading difficulties obtained low scores in phonological awareness within each subscale compared to students who do not have reading difficulties (p < 0.01). Components of phonological awareness which did not singled out as strongly related to early reading success include Phoneme Segmentation, Initial Phoneme Identification, and Syllable Merging. Thus, understanding the nature of the relationship between phonological awareness and reading should help effective program design that will be aimed at eliminating delayed development in children’s phonological awareness while they are still in preschool.
Inroduction. Pathological characteristics of voice and speech in persons with
benign and malignant vocal fold tumors present as different variations in
the voice pitch, intensity and quality. The aim ...of the study was to
determine the speech capacity of persons with malignant and benign vocal
fold tumors before and after surgical treatment and to establish if there
are differences in the speech capacity in relation to the type of tumor.
Material and Methods. The sample included 67 subjects who were divided into
two groups: group I - subjects with benign tumors, vocal cord lesions
(polyps, cysts) and Reinke?s edema and group II - subjects with malignant
tumors, aged 23 to 74 years (mean age 55.43; standard deviation 11.95).
Acoustic voice analysis, maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/, analysis
of temporal speech organization, and sentence melody analysis were used for
measuring the speech capacity. Results. Before surgery, the speech capacity
in both groups of patients was almost equal, without statistical
significance between the compared groups. After surgery, there was a
statistically significant difference between the speech capacity in the
examined groups, with better speech capacity observed in group I (t =
-3.807, p < 0.001). The study did not show an isolated effect of time or
tumor type on the speech capacity, but showed a combined effect (F = 10.079,
p = 0.002). Conclusion. The proposed method for the assessment of the speech
capacity before and after surgical treatment of vocal fold tumors is a
useful tool for the prediction of the voice outcome and in planning
rehabilitation procedures.
Inroduction. Pathological characteristics of voice and speech in persons with benign and malignant vocal fold tumors present as different variations in the voice pitch, intensity and quality. The aim ...of the study was to determine the speech capacity of persons with malignant and benign vocal fold tumors before and after surgical treatment and to establish if there are differences in the speech capacity in relation to the type of tumor. Material and Methods. The sample included 67 subjects who were divided into two groups: group I - subjects with benign tumors, vocal cord lesions (polyps, cysts) and Reinke's edema and group II - subjects with malignant tumors, aged 23 to 74 years (mean age 55.43; standard deviation 11.95). Acoustic voice analysis, maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/, analysis of temporal speech organization, and sentence melody analysis were used for measuring the speech capacity. Results. Before surgery, the speech capacity in both groups of patients was almost equal, without statistical significance between the compared groups. After surgery, there was a statistically significant difference between the speech capacity in the examined groups, with better speech capacity observed in group I (t = -3.807, p < 0.001). The study did not show an isolated effect of time or tumor type on the speech capacity, but showed a combined effect (F = 10.079, p = 0.002). Conclusion. The proposed method for the assessment of the speech capacity before and after surgical treatment of vocal fold tumors is a useful tool for the prediction of the voice outcome and in planning rehabilitation procedures. Key words: Larynx; Neoplasms; Vocal Cords; Vocal Cord Dysfunction; Voice; Speech-Language Pathology; Speech Acoustics; Speech Production Measurement Uvod. Patoloske karakteristike glasa i govora kod osoba sa benignim i malignim tumorima na glasnicama sagledavaju se kao razlicite varijacije visine, intenziteta i kvaliteta govornog glasa. Cilj rada bio je utvrdivanje govornog kapaciteta osoba sa malignim i benignim tumorima na glasnicama, pre i posle hirurskog lecenja i konstatovanje da li postoje razlike u govornom kapacitetu u odnosu na vrstu tumora. Materijal i metode. Uzorak je cinilo 67 ispitanika podeljenih u dve grupe: I grupa - benigni tumori (polipi, ciste) i Rajnkeovi edemi i II grupa - ispitanici sa malignim tumorima, starosti od 23 do 74 godine (prosecna starost 55,43 godine; standardna devijacija 11,95 godina). Kao mera kapaciteta govora u istrazivanju je koriscena akusticka analiza glasa, maksimalno vreme fonacije samoglasnika /a/, analiza vremenske organizacije govora i analiza melodije recenice. Rezultati. Pre operacije govorni kapacitet u obe grupe ispitanika bio je skoro jednak, bez statisticke znacajnosti izmedu uporedenih grupa. Nakon operacije uocena je statisticki znacajna razlika izmedu govornog kapaciteta ispitivanih grupa, pri cemu je bolji govorni kapacitet uocen u I grupi (t = -3,807, p < 0,001). Studija nije pokazala izolovani efekat vremena ili vrste tumora na kapacitet govora, ali je pokazala kombinovani efekat (F = 10,079, p = 0,002). Zakljucak. Predlozeni nacin procene govornog kapaciteta pre i posle operativnog lecenja tumora glasnica predstavlja koristan alat kojim bi se moglo predvideti ocekivano stanje glasa i planirati rehabilitacioni postupak. Kljucne reci: larinks; neoplazme; glasne zice; disfunkcija glasnih zica; glas; govorno jezicka patologija; govorna akustika; merenje govornog kapaciteta
Introduction. Feeding patterns include manners in which a child is fed during infancy and early childhood in order to provide him with appropriate nutrients that will enable his proper growth and ...development. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between the dominant feeding patterns in early childhood and the manifestation of speech and language disorders in children aged 3 to 6 years. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2020 - 2021 and it included 100 children of typical development, aged 3 to 6 years. The research used the Child Development Inventory, as a developmental screening instrument. The questionnaire on feeding patterns was designed for the purpose of this research. For data entry and processing, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 software was used. Results. There were no significant differences between the age categories of children in terms of deviations in the development of expressive and receptive speech. Most of the examined children (55%) were bottle-fed, whereas the remaining 45% were breastfed. A significantly higher percentage of bottle-fed children showed a deviation in the development of expressive and receptive speech compared to children who were breastfed for at least the first 6 months (74.5% versus 8.9%). Conclusion. Bottle-fed children showed a greater number of deviations in the development of both expressive and receptive speech, compared to breastfed children. Deviations in speech and language development were registered at each examined age, which means that speech and language disorders are not detected and treated in a timely manner. Key words: Feeding Behavior; Speech Disorders; Language Disorders; Speech-Language Pathology; Breast Feeding; Bottle Feeding; Infant; Child, Preschool Uvod. Obrasci hranjenja podrazumevaju nacine na koje dete moze biti hranjeno i koji obezbeduju za dete odgovarajuce nutritivne elemente koji ce omoguciti njegov pravilan rast i razvoj. Cilj istrazivanja bio je da utvrdimo povezanost dominantnih obrazaca hranjenja u ranom detinjstvu sa ispoljavanjem poremecaja govora i jezika kod dece u uzrastu od tri do sest godina. Materijal i metode. Istrazivanje je sprovedeno kao studija preseka tokom 2020/21. godine. Istrazivanjem je obuhvaceno stotinu dece tipicnog razvoja, uzrasta od tri do sest godina. U istrazivanju je koriscen instrument Child Development Inventory Inventar decjeg razvoja. Upitnik o obrascima hranjenja konstruisan je za svrhu ovog istrazivanja. Za unos i obradu podataka koriscen je programski paket SPSS 20.0. Rezultati. Ne postoje znacajne razlike izmedu uzrasnih kategorija dece po pitanju odstupanja u razvijenosti ekspresivnog i receptivnog govora. Najcesci obrazac hranjenja ispitivane dece na ranom uzrastu bio je pomocu flasice, njih 55%, dok je preostalih 45% dece dojeno. Znatno veci procenat dece hranjene pomocu flasice pokazuje odstupanje u razvoju ekspresivnog i receptivnog govora u odnosu na decu koja su dojena minimalno prvih sest meseci (74,5% naspram, 8,9%). Zakljucak. Deca hranjena na flasicu pokazuju veci broj odstupanja u razvijenosti kako ekspresivnog tako i receptivnog govora, u odnosu na decu koja su dojena. Odstupanja u razvoju govora i jezika registrovana su u svakom ispitivanom uzrastu, sto znaci da se govorno-jezicke smetnje ne detektuju i ne tretiraju pravovremeno. Kljucne reci: obrasci hranjenja; poremecaji govora; poremecaji jezika; govorno-jezicki poremecaji; dojenje; hranjenje na flasicu; odojce; predskolsko dete
Introduction. Feeding patterns include manners in which a child is fed during
infancy and early childhood in order to provide him with appropriate
nutrients that will enable his proper growth and ...development. The purpose of
the present study was to determine the association between the dominant
feeding patterns in early childhood and the manifestation of speech and
language disorders in children aged 3 to 6 years. Material and Methods. A
crosssectional study was conducted during 2020 - 2021 and it included 100
children of typical development, aged 3 to 6 years. The research used the
Child Development Inventory, as a developmental screening instrument. The
questionnaire on feeding patterns was designed for the purpose of this
research. For data entry and processing, the Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences 20.0 software was used. Results. There were no significant
differences between the age categories of children in terms of deviations in
the development of expressive and receptive speech. Most of the examined
children (55%) were bottle-fed, whereas the remaining 45% were breastfed. A
significantly higher percentage of bottle-fed children showed a deviation in
the development of expressive and receptive speech compared to children who
were breastfed for at least the first 6 months (74.5% versus 8.9%).
Conclusion. Bottle-fed children showed a greater number of deviations in the
development of both expressive and receptive speech, compared to breastfed
children. Deviations in speech and language development were registered at
each examined age, which means that speech and language disorders are not
detected and treated in a timely manner.
Introduction. Voice disorders in primary school teachers, as vocal professionals, are very common and often an inevitable phenomenon, which is unfortunately given little importance. Primary school ...teachers are at greater risk compared to other educators, because they rarely have opportunities for vocal rest during their working hours. The aim of this paper was to determine the acoustic voice characteristics of primary school teachers and their subjective experience of voice quality. Material and Methods. The study included 30 female teachers employed at the elementary school "Branko Radicevic" in Banja Luka. For the purpose of objective acoustic analysis, the computer program Praat was used; for the purposes of subjective acoustic analysis the Grade, Instability, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain scale was used, whereas the Voice Handicap Index was used for voice self-assessment. The effects of work experience, number of classes per week, bad habits and chronic diseases on voice quality were analyzed. Results. Statistically significant differences were found only in subjects who reported bad habits in the domain of subjective acoustic analysis, where pathological values were obtained for subscales grade, instability, roughness, breathiness and strain (p < 0.05), whereas the second statistically significant difference was observed in participants without previous history of chronic diseases, and who had significantly better speech intensity and lower harmonics-to-noise ratio (p < 0.05). Conclusion. In our research, objective and subjective acoustic analysis showed that about half of primary school teachers have voice disorders. Unhealthy habits and chronic diseases have a greater impact on the quality of voice of the primary school teachers than the length of work experience and the number of classes per week. Key words: School Teachers; Speech Acoustics; Voice Quality; Voice Disorders; Acoustics; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors; Diagnostic Self Evaluation Uvod. Poremecaji glasa kod profesora razredne nastave, kao vokalnih profesionalaca, vrlo su cesta i neretko obavezna pojava, a kojoj se nazalost pridaje mali znacaj. Uciteljice su pod vecim rizikom od drugih prosvetnih radnika i zbog toga sto tokom radnog vremena retko imaju prilike za vokalni odmor. Cilj ovog istrazivanja jeste utvrdivanje akustickih karakteristika glasa profesora razredne nastave i njihovog subjektivnog dozivljaja kvaliteta glasa. Materijal i metode. U istrazivanju je ucestvovalo 30 uciteljica iz OS "Branko Radicevic" u Banjoj Luci. U svrhu objektivne akusticke analize koristen je kompjuterski program Praat, u svrhu subjektivne akusticke analize Grade, Instability, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, and Strain scale, a za samoprocenu glasa upitnik Indeks glasovnog ostecenja. Analiziran je uticaj duzine radnog staza, nedeljnog broja casova, prisustva stetnih navika i hronicnih bolesti na kvalitet glasa. Rezultati. Statisticki znacajne razlike su se is-poljile kod ispitanica koje su prijavile prisustvo stetnih navika - u domenu subjektivne akusticke analize, gde su dobijene patoloske vrednosti za supskale (p < 0,05), a druga statisticki znacajna razlika je zabelezena kod ispitanica koje nemaju hronicne bolesti, a koje su imale znacajno bolji intenzitet govora i nizi odnos suma i harmonicnog glasa (p < 0,05). Zakljucak. Nase istrazivanje pokazuje da oko polovine profesora razredne nastave ima odstupanja u pogledu glasa, bilo da se radi o objektivnoj ili subjektivnoj akustickoj analizi. Stetne navike i hronicne bolesti imaju veci uticaj na kvalitet glasa profesora razredne nastave u odnosu na duzinu radnog staza i nedeljno opterecenje casovima. Kljucne reci: nastavnici razredne nastave; govorna akustika; kvalitet glasa; poremecaji glasa; akustika; profesionalna izlozenost; faktori rizika; samoprocena
The resolution of diagnosis of one's child involves coming to terms with the child's medical condition and accepting it both emotionally and cognitively. This study examined the relation between ...maternal resolution of the child's diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) and their educational levels. We also aimed at understanding maternal resolution status with regard to other demographic variables. The sample consisted of mothers with children aged 2-7, being diagnosed with CP. Resolution of diagnosis was assessed using the Reaction to Diagnosis Interview. The obtained results suggested the connection between maternal level of education and their attitude toward the child's diagnosis. Demographic variables were identified as possible protective or risk factors for the resolution process. This article points to the importance of providing adequate psychosocial aid to mothers of children with developmental disabilities.
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