Our research focuses on the problems of modern spatial, social and economic marginalization of the Belgrade slum population, as well as on the measures of improving the living conditions in them. The ...slums on the territory of Belgrade are numerous, dispersed, heterogeneous in structure, size and type, and the common denominator that could express the typical situation is poverty of their population. The paper also included an analysis of the causes of the spatial concentration of slums, the increase in population, exclusion of the population, poverty and the attitudes of the Belgrade population toward these settlements and their inhabitants. A significant part of the paper refers to the main life problems of the Roma, but of the Ashkali and Egyptians as well, who mostly inhabit the slums (unemployment, illiteracy, begging, poor housing conditions, health problems etc.). Measures for improving the living conditions in Belgrade slums, aiming at the integration of their inhabitants into the spatial and social space of Belgrade are proposed in the final part of the paper. Key words: slums, poverty, Roma, exclusion, integration, Belgrade, Serbia DOI:10.3176/tr.2013.1.03
The Aim of our study was to present early rehabilitation protocols for children with and without pulmonary complications after the correction of congenital heart defects and to estimate the optimal ...time for the initiation of early rehabilitation in both groups of children.
In our study, 176 children treated at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade were evaluated during the period 2003-2007. All patients were children with the corrected congenital heart defects from birth to 12 months of life.
In the group of patients without pulmonary complications we administered 3.64 +/- 1.02 exercises and in the group with present pulmonary complications we implemented 2.71 +/- 0.79 exercises. The optimal time for the initiation of early rehabilitation is 1.54 +/- 1.37 days for the group of children that did not have pulmonary complications, but for the other group the period was longer: 2.27 +/- 1.68 days.
The optimal number of exercises in children younger than one year of life is from 2 to 4 and the early rehabilitation should start as soon as possible. A desirable time for beginning of such program is within 24 to 48 hours post surgery but it cannot be limited to this interval due to possible complications stating that every child should have an individual approach (Tab. 3, Ref. 14).
The aim of the study which included 2297 children (aged 5-18), was to determine the role of nutrition and physical activity in the occurrence of obesity in this population. Nutritional status of ...children was estimated by body mass index. In order to examine nutrition we used a quantitative questionnaire, and physical activity was examined by a specially designed questionnaire (made according to the WHO recommendations). The obtained results showed that abundant nutrition and insufficient physical activity played a significant role in the occurrence of child obesity.
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