Background: Unlike many North American and European countries, Japan has observed a continuous increase in cancer incidence over the last few decades. We examined the most recent trends in ...population-based cancer incidence and mortality in Japan. Methods: National cancer mortality data between 1958 and 2018 were obtained from published vital statistics. Cancer incidence data between 1985 and 2015 were obtained from high-quality population-based cancer registries maintained by three prefectures (Yamagata, Fukui, and Nagasaki). Trends in age-standardized rates (ASR) were examined using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results: For males, all-cancer incidence increased between 1985 and 1996 (annual percent change APC +1.1%; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.7–1.5%), increased again in 2000–2010 (+1.3%; 95% CI, 0.9–1.8%), and then decreased until 2015 (−1.4%; 95% CI, −2.5 to −0.3%). For females, all-cancer incidence increased until 2010 (+0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9% in 1985–2004 and +2.4%; 95% CI, 1.3–3.4% in 2004–2010), and stabilized thereafter until 2015. The post-2000 increase was mainly attributable to prostate in males and breast in females, which slowed or levelled during the first decade of the 2000s. After a sustained increase, all-cancer mortality for males decreased in 1996–2013 (−1.6%; 95% CI, −1.6 to −1.5%) and accelerated thereafter until 2018 (−2.5%; 95% CI, −2.9 to −2.0%). All-cancer mortality for females decreased intermittently throughout the observation period, with the most recent APC of −1.0% (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.9%) in 2003–2018. The recent decreases in mortality in both sexes, and in incidence in males, were mainly attributable to stomach, liver, and male lung cancers. Conclusion: The ASR of all-cancer incidence began decreasing significantly in males and levelled off in females in 2010.
The effects of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence have not been well‐investigated in Asian populations. Here, we evaluated these effects in a large ...Japanese prospective cohort. We collected data on eligible participants in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study, and undertook multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of RCC incidence. We identified 340 cases (230 men and 110 women) among the 105 663 eligible participants (50 262 men and 55 741 women), who were followed for an average of 19.1 years, with a cumulative total of 2 020 364 person‐years. A slightly inverse but nonsignificant association was observed between alcohol drinking and RCC incidence. In contrast, the risk of RCC was increased in those with heavy smoking (≥40 pack‐years) when men and women were combined (HR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.25). We identified no significant association between alcohol consumption and RCC incidence. In contrast, heavy smoking (≥40 pack‐years) was associated with a significant increase in incidence.
Using a large prospective cohort in Japan, we evaluated the effects of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our analyses showed no significant association between alcohol consumption and RCC incidence. In contrast, heavy smoking (≥40 pack‐years) was associated with a significant increase in incidence.
The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of family history of cancer using cohorts participating in the Japanese National Center Cohort Collaborative for Advancing Population Health ...(NC-CCAPH). We pooled data from seven eligible cohorts of the Collaborative with available data on family history of cancer. Prevalence of family history of cancer and corresponding 95% confidence intervals are presented for all cancers and selected site-specific cancers for the total population and stratified by sex, age, and birth cohort. Prevalence of family history of cancer increased with age ranging from 10.51% in the 15 to 39 year age category to 47.11% in 70-year-olds. Overall prevalence increased in birth cohorts from ≤ 1929 until 1960 and decreased for the next two decades. Gastric cancer (11.97%) was the most common site recorded for family members, followed by colorectal and lung (5.75%), prostate (4.37%), breast (3.43%) and liver (3.05%) cancer. Women consistently had a higher prevalence of family history of cancer (34.32%) versus men (28.75%). Almost one in three participants had a family history of cancer in this Japanese consortium study highlighting the importance of early and targeted cancer screening services.
Background
The repeated global pandemic of the new virus has led to interest in the possibility of severe pneumonia among cancer patients and survivors. Here, we aimed to assess the association ...between incident cancer and risk of death from pneumonia in Japanese in a large population‐based cohort study.
Methods
We used the data from The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study (JPHC Study), which enrolled subjects aged 40 to 69 between 1990 and 1994 and followed their cancer incidence and mortality until 2013. After identifying 103,757 eligible subjects for analysis and imputing missing data on covariates by the chained equations approach, we conducted propensity score‐matched analysis for 1:4 matching, leaving 14,520 cases diagnosed with cancer and 48,947 controls without cancer during the study period for final analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding confidence interval (CI) for the risk of death from pneumonia with comparison of cancer cases and cancer‐free controls.
Results
Compared to cancer‐free individuals, risk of death from pneumonia was significantly higher among those who had any diagnosed cancer (HR, 1.41; 95%CI, 1.08–1.84); those within 1 year of diagnosis (HR, 23.0; 95% CI, 2.98–177.3); within 1 to <2 years (HR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.04–12.9); and those with regional spread or distant metastatic cancer at initial diagnosis (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.26–3.21). A history of lung, oesophageal, and head and neck cancer conferred the higher risk among site‐specific cancers.
Conclusion
We found a positive association between incident cancer and risk of death from pneumonia in this study. These results imply the possibility that the immunocompromised status and respiratory failure due to antitumor treatment may have resulted in a more severe outcome from pneumonia among cancer survivors than the general population.
This prospective cohort study found a higher risk of death from pneumonia among cancer survivors compared to cancer‐free controls. The increased risk was pronounced for cases within two years after diagnosis and those with advanced cancer at diagnosis.
The optimal colloid solution for the treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) remains to be established.
We aimed to compare artificial colloids (AC) with human albumin (HA) for the ...treatment of OHSS.
In this retrospective cohort study, data for OHSS participants were collected from a national inpatient database in Japan. The participants received intravenous fluid management with AC (n = 156) or HA (n = 127). We compared the two groups in terms of the length of stay, development of post-treatment complications, and termination surgery.
In multivariable linear regression analyses for log-transformed length of stay with reference to the OHSS participants receiving AC, the regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) in participants receiving HA was 0.03 (-0.04-0.09, p = 0.42). Thromboembolism occurred in two participants in the HA group and three participants in the AC group. Two participants in the HA group suffered renal failure during hospitalization. No participants underwent termination surgery in the two groups.
The present results showed comparable efficacy between AC and HA for the treatment of OHSS. There were no significant differences in post-treatment complications between the two groups.
An 87-year-old man undergoing radical cystectomy and bilateral nephrostomy visited our hospital 19 days postoperatively because of a lack of urine flow from the left 14-Fr Malecot nephrostomy ...catheter. The catheter was apparently firmly anchored to the kidney, and an attempt to reposition the catheter failed. Three-dimensional computed tomography volume rendering indicated a deformity of the left catheter compared with the right, implying that something was lodged in the Malecot flanges. Surgical removal of the catheter 2 days later revealed granulation tissue overbridging the Malecot wings. We cut the tissue, and the catheter was successfully exchanged.
Display omitted
•Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, and night-shift work is associated with the occurrence of substance use disorders; however, there is no evidence to support a link between ...night-shift work and behavioral addictions.•In this cross-sectional study using an Internet survey, we examined the association between shift work and gambling, a potential risk behavior for behavioral addictions, among workers (n = 21,134), and the results showed an association between night-shift work and gambling participation (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.39, 95 % confidence interval CI, 1.25–1.53, p < 0.001).•When restricted to respondents with past-year gambling experience (n = 9,739), night-shift work was associated with problem gambling, defined as the problem gambling severity index score of 8 or greater (aOR 1.94, 95 % CI, 1.94–2.40, p < 0.001).•Night-shift work was associated with gambling in workers and with problem gambling among working and gambling respondents, suggesting that gambling might be a factor associated with shift work-related harms.
Night-shift work disturbs sleep and is associated with poor health conditions among workers. We aimed to investigate the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling in working and gambling participants.
This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey conducted between February 6 and 27, 2023 in Japan. A total of 21,134 workers participated in this study, including 9,739 respondents who had gambled in the past year. We estimated the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling among those who gambled at the survey. We defined problem gambling as a score ≥ 8 on the Problem Gambling Severity Index. All estimates were weighted using a nationally representative survey in Japan. We fitted multivariable weighted logistic regression models after adjusting for 14 confounders.
The weighted prevalence of gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 42.1 % and 55.4 %, respectively. When focusing on workers gambling in the survey, the prevalence of problem gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 8.8 % and 24.2 %, respectively. The weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that night-shift work was associated with gambling participation among workers (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.39, 95 % confidence interval CI 1.25–1.53, p < 0.001). In addition, night-shift work was associated with problem gambling among those who gambled (aOR 1.94, 95 % CI 1.57–2.40, p < 0.001).
Night-shift work was associated with gambling among workers and with problem gambling among those who gambled.
We explored whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related distress was associated with voluntary suspension of medically-assisted reproduction (MAR) treatment from April to May 2020 in Japan. ...Data for 1,096 candidate respondents were collected from a Japanese nationwide cross-sectional internet survey distributed from August 25 to September 30, 2020. Multiple logistic regression was performed to clarify the association between voluntary suspension of MAR treatment and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FVC-19S) score. High FCV-19S score was inversely associated with voluntary suspension of MAR treatment compared to low FCV-19S score among women (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10-0.84). Age-stratified analyses revealed that low FVC-19S score was significantly associated with voluntary suspension of MAR treatment among women aged < 35 years (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.35-11.0). In contrast, the association between FVC-19S score and voluntary suspension of MAR treatment was reversed and not significant among women aged ≥ 35 years (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.24-1.84). COVID-19-related distress was significantly associated with voluntary suspension of MAR treatment among women aged < 35 years, and this association was reversed but not significant among women aged ≥ 35 years.
We examined the advantages of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and totally tubeless PCNL over standard PCNL.
Using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan, we gathered data on patients ...undergoing PCNL from July 2010 to March 2016 and extracted eligible patients who were candidates for tubeless PCNL. Eligible patients were divided into 4 groups: tubeless, totally tubeless, standard, and standard PCNL with ureteral stent (US). Multivariable analyses compared postoperative hospital stay, duration of analgesic use, urinary tract infection (UTI), and blood transfusion among the 4 groups.
Analyses were conducted on patients in the standard (n = 954), tubeless (n = 98), totally tubeless (n = 146), and standard PCNL with US (n = 389) groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the tubeless group than in the standard group (1.6 days -2.9 to 0.4). With reference to the standard PCNL group, there was no significant difference in the number of days of analgesic use or the proportions of postoperative UTIs or blood transfusion among the groups. Postoperative UTIs developed significantly more often in women than in men regardless of the PCNL method.
Our multivariable analyses showed that tubeless PCNL was associated with shorter postoperative hospital stays, but totally tubeless PCNL was not.
PDF
