A
bstract
A comprehensive set of azimuthal single-spin and double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive leptoproduction of pions, charged kaons, protons, and antiprotons from transversely polarized ...protons is presented. These asymmetries include the previously published HERMES results on Collins and Sivers asymmetries, the analysis of which has been extended to include protons and antiprotons and also to an extraction in a three-dimensional kinematic binning and enlarged phase space. They are complemented by corresponding results for the remaining four single-spin and four double-spin asymmetries allowed in the one-photon-exchange approximation of the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering process for target-polarization orientation perpendicular to the direction of the incoming lepton beam. Among those results, significant non-vanishing cos (
ϕ−ϕ
S
) modulations provide evidence for a sizable worm-gear (II) distribution,
g
1
T
q
x
p
T
2
. Most of the other modulations are found to be consistent with zero with the notable exception of large sin (
ϕ
S
) modulations for charged pions and
K
+
.
Summary
Background
In extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), Paget cells are sometimes detected outside the clinical border (subclinical extension). However, the spreading pattern of Paget cells in ...subclinical extension remains unclear. In addition, the macroscopic appearances of lesions accompanied by subclinical extension are totally unknown.
Objectives
To characterize the spreading pattern of Paget cells as well as the macroscopic appearance of lesions of EMPD with subclinical extension.
Methods
Nineteen patients with primary anogenital EMPD underwent mapping biopsies and excisional surgeries; biopsy samples were then taken at the periphery of well‐demarcated lesions. Samples were transparentized and subjected to whole‐mount immunostaining with anticytokeratin 7 antibody to label Paget cells. The histological border was evaluated in three dimensions by two‐photon microscopy. The shape and location of the histological border were compared with those of the clinical border.
Results
In 21 samples taken at the lesion where subclinical extension was not shown by mapping biopsy, the shape and location of the histological border were almost identical to those of the clinical border. However, two samples exhibited small foci of Paget cells outside the clinical border, showing subclinically extended satellite lesions. In the two samples taken at the lesions where subclinical extension was shown by mapping biopsy, a continuous arrangement of Paget cells extending beyond the clinical border was identified. Subclinically extended Paget cells were detected solely outside hypopigmented patches with erythema.
Conclusions
In EMPD, at least two patterns of subclinical extension exist: continuous and satellite lesions. Subclinical extension might exist preferentially outside hypopigmented patches with erythema.
What's already known about this topic?
Paget cells in extramammary Paget disease often spread beyond the clinical border, which is referred to as subclinical extension.
The spreading pattern of the subclinically extended Paget cells remains unclear.
There are no reports on the macroscopic appearances of lesions accompanied by subclinical extension.
What does this study add?
Three‐dimensional analysis by whole‐mount immunostaining revealed two spreading patterns of Paget cells in subclinical extension.
Paget cells formed either small satellite lesions or continuous lesions forming a polygonal margin.
All subclinically extended Paget cells were detected outside hypopigmented patches with erythema.
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Linked Comment: Hatta. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:18–19
Summary
Docetaxel and paclitaxel are widely used in the treatment of various malignant neoplasms. Taxane‐induced sclerosis is dose‐dependent and usually not generalized. Little information on the ...pathogenesis of scleroderma is currently available. Here, we report a case of generalized scleroderma and a case of early‐stage oedematous sclerosis, both of which presented with intense versican deposits after administration of taxane for angiosarcoma.
What's already known about this topic?
Taxane‐induced sclerosis occurs dose dependently; however, little information on the pathogenesis of scleroderma is currently available.
What does this study add?
We analysed collagen type I, hyaluronan and versican, and revealed that administration of taxane increased the amount of versican, which led to oedema and sclerosis in our patients.
Background Cholinergic urticaria (CU) has well‐described characteristic clinical presentations, yet the precise pathological mechanism remains incompletely understood. A variety of pathogeneses has ...been proposed, which suggests that there exists several clinical subtypes.
Conclusions In this review, we categorize CU into four subtypes: (i) CU with poral occlusion; (ii) CU with acquired generalized hypohidrosis; (iii) CU with sweat allergy; and (iv) idiopathic CU, and discuss diagnostic and treatment options.
The nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time (T1) of lanthanum and aluminum nuclei in a single crystal of lanthanum aluminate doped with neodymium ions is studied to estimate the feasibility of the ...dynamically polarized lanthanum target applicable to beam experiments. The application of our interest is the study of fundamental discrete symmetries in the spin optics of epithermal neutrons. This study requires a highly flexible choice of the applied magnetic field for neutron spin control and favors longer T1 under lower magnetic field and at higher temperature. The T1 of 139La and 27Al was measured under magnetic fields of 0.5–2.5 T and at temperatures of 0.1–1.5 K and found widely distributed up to 100 h. The result suggests that the T1 can be as long as T1∼ 1 h at 0.1 K with a magnetic field of 0.1 T, which partially fulfills the requirement of the neutron beam experiment. Possible improvements to achieve a longer T1 are discussed.
The cyclopentanone and cyclopentenone group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search. For high end users, calculated maximum dermal ...exposures vary from 0.002% to 15.16% in hydroalcoholic products; systemic exposures vary from 0.0003 to 0.7122mg/kg/day. The cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones had a low order of acute toxicity and no significant toxicity in repeat dose studies. No mutagenic or genotoxic activity in bacteria and mammalian cell line assays was observed. Developmental toxicity was not observed. Minimal evidence of skin irritation in humans is associated with current levels of use. Eleven materials were tested undiluted for eye irritation; three were considered irritants. No phototoxic and photosensitization reactions were seen with nine materials tested. At concentrations higher than current reported use, 14 materials were non-sensitizing in HRIPT or maximization tests. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone, 2-heptylidenecyclopentan-1-one and 3-methyl-2-(pentyloxy)-2-cyclopenten-1-one are weak sensitizers and have IFRA Standards. Risk of sensitization to the cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones is generally small under current levels of use. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns for the cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones at reported levels of use and exposure as fragrance ingredients.
The COMPASS setup for physics with hadron beams Abbon, P.; Adolph, C.; Amoroso, A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2015, Letnik:
779
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The main characteristics of the COMPASS experimental setup for physics with hadron beams are described. This setup was designed to perform exclusive measurements of processes with several charged ...and/or neutral particles in the final state. Making use of a large part of the apparatus that was previously built for spin structure studies with a muon beam, it also features a new target system as well as new or upgraded detectors. The hadron setup is able to operate at the high incident hadron flux available at CERN. It is characterised by large angular and momentum coverages, large and nearly flat acceptances, and good two and three-particle mass resolutions. In 2008 and 2009 it was successfully used with positive and negative hadron beams and with liquid hydrogen and solid nuclear targets. This paper describes the new and upgraded detectors and auxiliary equipment, outlines the reconstruction procedures used, and summarises the general performance of the setup.
The transversely polarized target (PT) of the COMPASS (NA58) collaboration at CERN has been used for Drell–Yan measurements in 2015 and 2018. The transverse spin structure of the proton has been ...studied using a negative pion beam and a solid ammonia target. Employing the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method, proton polarization values of more than 80% have been routinely achieved after one day, at a homogeneous magnetic field of 2.5 T and using a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator. During the data-taking the target operates in a transversely oriented magnetic dipole field at 0.6 T. This so-called frozen spin operation mode without the DNP pumping process leads to a slow depolarization of the target material, which is further accelerated by the heat input of the pion beam, produced secondary particles and radiation damage effects to the target material. Ammonia has the highest resistance against radiation-induced depolarization among known solid target materials. The proton polarization has been measured by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Relaxation times of about 1100 h have been observed for the proton polarization resulting in an average polarization between 68% and 76% during about two weeks long data-taking periods. To achieve a systematic uncertainty of the polarization ΔP/P as low as 3.2% and a statistical one of less than 1.8% two large target cells with appropriate positioning of the NMR-coils have been built.
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