This article reviews the available literature on the characteristics and antimicrobial activity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin from the triamilides subclass. The product has ...a high activity against Gram-negative respiratory pathogens and desirable pharmacological characteristics for high and persistent tissue levels in domestic animals. Representatives of the macrolide and lincosamide group are investigated and the similarities and differences from tulathromycin are outlined. It is emphasised that at the background of increasing bacterial resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, only few tulathromycin-resistant strains of P. multocida and M. haemolytica have been reported so far. Tulathromycin is considered highly effective against common bacterial agents of respiratory diseases in large ruminants, pigs and sheeps, and may be an alternative for control of resistant bacterial pathogens
This article presents the results of studies on the use of the new macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin in veterinary medicine. The information is presented according to the species of domestic ...animals, diseases, doses and shemes for therapy and metaphylaxis. The first section includes data for cattle and calves affected by respiratory diseases, caused by M. haemolytica, M. bovis, H. somni and P. multocida, and keratoconjunctivitis caused by M. bovis. The second one shows data for swine and pigs affected by the respiratory pathogens A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, H. parasuis, B. bronhiseptica and M. hyopneumoniae. A third group presents information about small ruminants with manifested respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, P. multocida, Mycoplasma spp., Pseudomonas spp. and hoof diseases from Dehelobacter nodosus. Fourth group includes the first test results of Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Theileria equi, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causing diseases in horses. The fifth section includes reports of treated rabbits most commonly suffering from P. multocida respiratory infections. Finally, data from new studies on the use of tulathromycin in exotic animals and cases of some tropical diseases are listed. The provided information gives proof for the high sensitivity of the tested pathogens to tulathromycin and high clinical and economical effect that is efficient in single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Compared to other antibacterial agents there is no resistance according to data available so far. Local accumulation and prolonged persistence of the drug in lung tissues, that result in a treatment regime with a single low-volume dose (2.5 mg/kg), are associated with positive clinical outcome in domestic animals: large ruminants, pigs, small ruminants and rabbits with respiratory diseases caused by M. haemolytica, H. somni, P. multocida and M. bovis; A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida, H. parasuis and M. hyopneumoniae; S.aureus, C. pseudotuberculosis and Streptococcus spp. and P.multocida
Antimicrobial resistance: review Moutafchieva, R.; Mladenov, D.
Trakia journal of sciences,
12/2020, Letnik:
18, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The global increase in antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in the fields of medicine and microbial ecology. Increasing clinical incidents are a threat to animal and human health, as well ...as for the protection of the environment. Nowadays the antibiotic resistance grows. The increasing prevalence of it is a serious challenge for both human and animal health.
Antibiotic resistance can impose serious constraints on the treatment of many bacterial infections. To avoid its development is necessary to identify the causes and eliminate them. On the first place, the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials should be avoided. That means to know and follow the principles of rational therapy.
To prevent the spread of resistance it is necessary to keep strong monitor for the use of antibiotics.
We explain the details of the algebraic constructions on nontrivial examples of the mKdV equations related to the
and
Kac–Moody algebras. Several types of recursion operators appear naturally in ...formulating the equations and their Hamiltonian structures. We next introduce the resolvent of the Lax operator and demonstrate that it generates the hierarchy of the Lax representations and also the hierarchy of conservation laws of these equations.
The quantum and classical dynamics of a charged, spin-1 2 particle interacting with a strong laser, modeled by the elliptically polarized monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave, is considered in ...the semi-classical approach. The charge interaction with a high intensity radiation is described classically without using of the dipole approximation. The particle's spin evolution is treated according to the Pauli equation with relativistic corrections caused by the laser intensity. The resonance character of transitions between spin-1 2 states for certain regimes of intensities and values of polarization is described.
Vaccinium myrtillus L. is a species belonging to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. Bilberries have drawn attention due to the multiple benefits for the human health, including antioxidant, ...anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-neurodegenerative, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, bilberries were shown to inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes that can help reduce the intensity of the metabolic syndrome and prevent type 2 diabetes.
In this study, we investigated the α-glucosidase and amyloglucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenol-rich extracts from fruit of Vaccinium myrtillus L. from different regions in Bulgaria.
The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. With HPLC analysis, phenolic acid composition of extracts was assessed. Enzymatic inhibitory activities were determined according to the methodology by Borooah et al. (1961), and Dewi et al. (2007). Amyloglucosidase assay and α-glucosidase assay were used to measure the inhibition potential of bilberries' extracts.
Phenolic compound content ranged from 1299.60 mg to 510.88 mg GAE/100 g for organic extracts and from 453.63 mg to 290.83 mg GAE/100 g for aqueous extracts. Based on qualitative HPLC analyses, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be among the major phenolic acids present in bilberries. Methanol and aqueous extracts there were found to be effective inhibitors of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 20 μg GAE/ml and 55 μg GAE/ml, respectively.
The inhibitory activity of bilberries' extracts towards α-glucosidase offers the patients with type 2 diabetes the opportunity to manage their own glycaemic levels with a diet.
Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. Researchers have reported ...that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans.
The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases.
The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis.
The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected.
The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry.
Neonatal gastric perforation: Case report Vacaru, Alexandra; Sharafeddin, Fransua; Maidan, Alexandra ...
Journal of pediatric surgery case reports,
August 2023, 2023-08-00, 2023-08-01, Letnik:
95
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite several proposed etiological theories, the causative principle is still ...unclear and controversial.
A male neonate was born at 26 weeks 3 days gestation. The patient showed symptoms of acute respiratory failure and hypoxia and was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. On day of life (DOL) 2, a chest and abdominal radiography showed a large amount of free intraperitoneal air, for which exploratory laparotomy was performed. A small antimesenteric perforation in the distal ileum was found and repaired primarily. On DOL 7, a chest and abdominal radiography demonstrated recurrent pneumoperitoneum for which a repeat exploratory laparotomy was performed. The patient had global intestinal ischemia and a perforation in the anterior wall of the stomach, which was repaired. On DOL 12, a planned upper gastrointestinal water-soluble contrast study showed spillage of contrast into the anterior abdomen, for which the patient underwent a repeat exploratory laparotomy. We found a dehiscence of the prior gastric repair and closed it primarily. The remainder of the hospital course was uneventful and the patient reached full feedings on DOL 41.
Premature neonates are at risk for gastric perforation. Gastric perforation should be in the differential diagnosis of a premature neonate who presents abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum. Due to the fragility of the premature neonatal tissues, confirming the integrity of the gastric closure with a contrast study is recommended prior to initiating enteral feedings.
PDF
