The potential of an inorganic fertilizer as an alternative nutrient source for the cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 was investigated. With a preliminary study at a shake-flask scale, the ...microalgae cultivation was scaled up in a photobioreactor containing an inorganic fertilizer medium. Microalgae cultured in a shake flask containing 0.1 g L–1 of urea and 1.0 g L–1 of NPK (Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Potassium) fertilizers showed a promising result in biomass productivity. During the scale-up study in a photobioreactor the specific growth rate (μ d–1), biomass yield (g L–1), and total biomass productivity (mg L–1 d–1), was found to be 0.265, 1.19 and 66.1, respectively. The lipid yield (%) as per dry cell weight (DCW) and lipid productivity (mg L–1 d–1) was found to be a maximum of 28.55 and 18.87, respectively, in a stationary phase of the microalgae growth. The fatty acids methyl ester profile was proven to be desirable for biodiesel production.
Maximizing Biomass Productivity and CO2 Biofixation of Microalga, Scenedesmus sp. by Using Sodium Hydroxide Nayak, M., CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India; Rath, S.S., CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India; Thirunavoukkarasu, M., CSIR - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India ...
Journal of microbiology and biotechnology,
09/2013, Letnik:
23, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A series of experiments were carried out with three native strains of microalgae to measure growth rates, biomass, and lipid productivities. Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 had better biomass growth rate ...and higher lipid production. The growth, lipid accumulation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) consumption rate of Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 were tested under different NaOH concentrations in modified BBM. The algal strain showed the maximum specific growth rate (0.474/day), biomass productivity (110.9 mg l-1d-1), and CO2 consumption rate (208.4 mg l-1d-1) with an NaOH concentration of 0.005 M on the 8th day of cultivation. These values were 2.03-, 6.89-, and 6.88-fold more than the algal cultures grown in control conditions (having no NaOH and CO2). The CO2 fixing efficiency of the microalga with other alternative carbon sources like Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 was also investigated and compared. The optimized experimental parameters at shake-flask scale were implemented for scaling up the process in a self-engineered photobioreactor. A significant increase in lipid accumulation (14.23% to 31.74%) by the algal strain from the logarithmic to stationary phases was obtained. The algal lipids were mainly composed of C16/C18 fatty acids, and are desirable for biodiesel production. The study suggests that microalga Scenedesmus sp. IMMTCC-6 is an efficient strain for biodiesel production and CO2 biofixation using stripping solution of NaOH in a cyclic process.
Cardiovascular manifestations like bradycardia, hypotension, fluctuation of blood pressure, and supraventricular arrhythmia are common in acute spinal cervical injury above the C6 level and are the ...major cause of mortality and morbidity in them. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation have only been reported in a few cases, but polymorphic VT (PMVT) has not been reported. We report a very rare case of acute cervical spinal cord injury patient who developed PMVT in the setting of normal QT interval degenerating to ventricular fibrillation, causing cardiac arrest before surgery.
Bio-ethanol production from cane molasses (diluted to 15 % sugar w/v) was studied using the bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 entrapped in luffa (Luffa cylindrica L.) sponge discs and Ca-alginate ...gel beads as the immobilizing matrices. At the end of 96 h fermentation, the final ethanol concentrations were 58.7 ± 0.09 and 59.1 ± 0.08 g/l molasses with luffa and Ca-alginate entrapped Z. mobilis cells, respectively exhibiting 83.25 ± 0.03 and 84.6 ± 0.02 % sugar conversion. There was no statistical significant difference (Fischer's LSD) in sugar utilization (t = 0.254, p<0.801) and ethanol production (t =-0.663, p<0.513) between the two immobilization matrices used. Further, the immobilized cells in both the matrices were physiologically active for three more cycles of operation with less than 15 % decrease in ethanol yield in the 4(th) cycle, which was due to some leakage of cells. In conclusion, luffa sponge was found to be equally good as Ca-alginate as a carrier material for bacterial (Z. mobilis) cell immobilization for ethanol production. Further, it has added advantages such as it is cheap, non-corrosive and has no environmental hazard.
Mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) is a deciduous tree commonly found in the tropical rain forests of Asian and Australian continent. Corolla, the edible part of its flowers, is rich in fermentable sugar ...(37 ± 0.23%; on dry weight basis). Batch fermentation of mahula flowers was carried out using Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 free cells and cells immobilized in calcium alginate matrix. The ethanol productions were 122.9 ± 0.972 and 134.6 ± 0.104 g/kg flowers on dry weight basis using free and immobilized cells, respectively, after 96 h of fermentation, which showed that cells entrapped in calcium alginate matrix yielded 8.7% more ethanol than free cells. Further, the immobilized cells were physiologically active up to three more cycles of fermentation producing 132.7 ± 0.095, 130.5 ± 0.09 and 128.7 ± 0.056 g ethanol per kg flower in first, second and third cycle, respectively.
Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., an important tree species in the tropical forests of India, is often reported to have poor or no regeneration in many parts of the country. The present ...study was conducted to evaluate the population structure and regeneration status of the species in three different forest types of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, along with phenological behaviours for two consecutive years. Leaf initiation was positively correlated with fruit senescence (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) and flower initiation (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). However, a negative correlation was found between leaf initiation (LF2) and leaf senescence (LF5) (r = –0.42, p < 0.05). Principal Component Analysis showed that maximum temperature and rainfall in a given month are the main factors for pre-monsoon events (leaf senescence and fruit senescence) and post-monsoon events (growth and maturation of leaves and fruits). The results also revealed that regeneration failure of T. tomentosa was not due to phenological intensity but possibly to wrong phenological timing of fruit maturation. This study on regeneration status and phenological information of T. tomentosa could help develop strategies for conservation and management of this tropical tree species in its natural ecosystem.
Bio-ethanol production from cane molasses (diluted to 15 % sugar w/v) was studied using the bacterium,
Zymomonas mobilis
MTCC 92 entrapped in luffa (
Luffa cylindrica
L.) sponge discs and Ca-alginate ...gel beads as the immobilizing matrices. At the end of 96 h fermentation, the final ethanol concentrations were 58.7 ± 0.09 and 59.1 ± 0.08 g/l molasses with luffa and Ca-alginate entrapped Z
. mobilis
cells, respectively exhibiting 83.25 ± 0.03 and 84.6 ± 0.02 % sugar conversion. There was no statistical significant difference (Fischer’s LSD) in sugar utilization (t = 0.254,
p
<0.801) and ethanol production (t =-0.663,
p
<0.513) between the two immobilization matrices used. Further, the immobilized cells in both the matrices were physiologically active for three more cycles of operation with less than 15 % decrease in ethanol yield in the 4
th
cycle, which was due to some leakage of cells. In conclusion, luffa sponge was found to be equally good as Ca-alginate as a carrier material for bacterial (
Z. mobilis
) cell immobilization for ethanol production. Further, it has added advantages such as it is cheap, non-corrosive and has no environmental hazard.
A novel immobilization method involving
Zymomonas mobilis
immobilized in a luffa (
Luffa cylindrica
L.) matrix for ethanol production from mahula (
Madhuca latifolia
L.) flowers was investigated. The ...dried spongy fruits of luffa, a cucurbitaceous crop available in abundance in tropical and sub-tropical countries, have been found to be a promising material for immobilizing microbial cells. In our study, the cells not only survived, but they were also active physiologically for four growth cycles, yielding ethanol at 251.1 ± 0.012, 247.9 ± 0.08, 243.4 ± 0.042 and 240.71 ± 0.033 g/kg flowers in the first, second, third, and fourth cycles, respectively, after 96 h fermentation. Ethanol production by the immobilized cells was 9.2% higher than that by free cells. The ethanol yield (
Yp/s
), volumetric substrate uptake (
Qs
), and final sugar to ethanol conversion rate (%) obtained with luffa-immobilized cells of
Z. mobilis
were 0.439 ± 0.004 g/g, 0.994 ± 0.009 g/l/h, and 87.8%, respectively, which were 7.06, 2.62, and 6.92% higher than that of free cells.
The sweet potato root, a potent source of starch which is being considered as an efficient alternative for fuel ethanol production in recent times. The starchy substrate needs to be subsequently ...dextrinized and saccharified so as to enhance the utilization of its carbohydrates for ethanol production. In the present investigation, acid-enzyme process was conducted for the dextrinization and saccharification of sweet potato root flour (SPRF). The best optimized condition for dextrinization was achieved with an incubation period of 60 min, temperature 100 ºC and 1M HCl. However, for saccharification, the best result was obtained with an incubation of 18 h, pH 4, temperature 65 ºC and 1000 U concentration of Palkodex®. After the dextrinization process, maximum concentrations of total sugar and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 380.44 ± 3.17 g/kg and 13.28 ± 0.25 mg/g, respectively were released. Nevertheless, after saccharification, 658.80 ± 7.83 g/kg of total sugar was obtained which was about 73% more than that of dextrinization. After successful dextrinization and saccharification, the structural, chemical and elemental analysis were investigated using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer (EDXRF), respectively. Effective hydrolysis was demonstrated in thin layer chromatography (TLC) where the HCl was able to generate monomeric sugar such as glucose and maltose. On the other hand, only glucose is synthesized on the mutual effect of HCl and Palkodex®. The SEM findings indicate that the rough structure of both dextrinized and saccharified sample was gained due to the vigorous effect of both acid and enzyme subsequently. The saccharified SPRF when subjected to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis separately, it was observed that Z. mobilis produced more stretching vibration of –OH than S. cerevisiae, which evidenced the better production of bioethanol. Additionally, evaluation of the influence of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis through elemental analysis revealed upsurge in the concentrations of S, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn and decline in the concentrations of P, K and Cu in the fermented residue of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis, however, Z. mobilis showed little more variation than that of S. cerevisiae.
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