Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most typical and aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis. Successful glioma treatment is hampered by ineffective medication distribution ...across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the emergence of drug resistance. Although a few FDA-approved multimodal treatments are available for glioblastoma, most patients still have poor prognoses. Targeting epigenetic variables, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and different vaccine- and peptide-based treatments are some innovative approaches to improve anti-glioma treatment efficacy. Following the identification of lymphatics in the central nervous system, immunotherapy offers a potential method with the potency to permeate the blood-brain barrier. This review will discuss the rationale, tactics, benefits, and drawbacks of current glioma therapy options in clinical and preclinical investigations.
Ten of 80 endospore‐forming bacilli, isolated from various habitats of Jordan, were found to be highly toxic to the 4th instar larvae of Culiseta longiareolata (Macquart). The bacilli were identified ...into the following species and strains : Bacillus sphaericus (H6), B. sphaericus (H9a, 9b), B. cereus Frankland and Frankland, B. brevis Migula and B. megaterium Bary. Bacillus cereus comprised 50% of the isolates. The toxic concentrations of these isolates against C. longiareolata ranged between 1·2 × 107 and 1·1 × 109 viable spores ml−1.
The susceptibility of fourth instar larvae of Culiseta longiareolata (Macq.) to two standard strains of biocontrol bacteria was investigated under laboratory conditions. Larvae were found to be more ...susceptible to Bacillus sphaericus (Bs‐IPS88) than to Bacillus thuringiensis H14 (Bti‐IPS82) at 25 ± 1°C at concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 0.004 ppm at 2 and 3 days post‐treatment. Statistical regression analysis revealed a significant mortality–concentration relationship for the two bacteria. Larval mortality increased significantly as temperature increased from 20 ± 1°C to 28 ± 1°C.
Display omitted
Chitin/chitosan-glucan complex (ChCsGC) was isolated from Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) and dissolved for the first time in precooled (−15°C) 8wt.% urea/6wt.% NaOH aqueous ...solution. Novel nonwoven microfiber mats were fabricated by wet-dry-spinning technique and evaluated the mechanical of fabrics mats and surface morphology. Isolated and nonwoven mat were characterized employing FTIR-ATR, Optical microscope, TGA, DSC, H/C NMR, SEM and XRD techniques. According to the physical/chemical characterization measurements we can assumed that, the net and the novel dressing mats have the same chemical structure with slightly changes in the thermal stability for the dressing mats.The biological activity of the nonwoven ChCsGC fabric was tested against different types of bacteria exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity. Cell viability of the plain complex and nonwovens mats were evaluated utilizing mouse fibroblast cell line varying concentrations and treatment time. ChCsGC did not show any cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblast cells and the cell-fabrics interaction was also investigated using fluorescence microscope. The novel ChCsGC nonwovens exhibited excellent surgical wound healing ability when tested using rat models.
The seed extract of the saltbrush Atriplex canescens (Forssk.) A. Nutt. was tested for insecticidal and ovicidal activity against the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. The exposure of early fourth ...instar mosquito larvae to a series of aliquots of the seed extract revealed a significant larval and adult mortality at 0.1-1000 ppm. Seed extract also demonstrated some ovipositional deterrence and ovicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus.
Nowadays, conventional medical treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy cannot cure all types of cancer. A promising approach to treat solid tumors is the use of tumor-targeting ...peptides to deliver drugs or active agents selectively.
Introducing beneficial therapeutic approaches, such as therapeutic peptides and their varied methods of action against tumor cells, can aid researchers in the discovery of novel peptides for cancer treatment. The biomedical applications of therapeutic peptides are highly interesting. These peptides, owing to their high selectivity, specificity, small dimensions, high biocompatibility, and easy modification, provide good opportunities for targeted drug delivery. In recent years, peptides have shown considerable promise as therapeutics or targeting ligands in cancer research and nanotechnology.
This study reviews a variety of therapeutic peptides and targeting ligands in cancer therapy. Initially, three types of tumor-homing and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are described, and then their applications in breast, glioma, colorectal, and melanoma cancer research are discussed.
Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to ...guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally.
We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available.
Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% 26·5–28·5 reduction) and females (37·7% 35·4–39·9 reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% 19·3–21·1 of male deaths). 6·68 million 86·9% of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers.
In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens.
Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
5-Carbonyl-(3,4-diamino-2-ethylcarboxylatethieno2,3-bthiophene-5yl)-8-hydroxyquino-line (1) reacts with various reagents to afford thiazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrimidine and pyridazine ...derivatives (2-13d). The structure of the compounds has been established by elemental analysis. IR, NMR and mass spectra. The compounds thus synthesized were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
PDF
