JSNS
2
(J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that searches for sterile neutrinos via the observation of
ν
¯
μ
→
ν
¯
e
appearance oscillations using ...muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. The JSNS
2
experiment performed data taking from 2021. In this manuscript, a study of the accidental background is presented. The rate of the accidental background is (
9.29
±
0.39
)
×
10
-
8
/spill with 0.75 MW beam power and comparable to the expected number of signal events.
To prepare for when only single‐view observations are available, we have made a test whether the 3‐D parameters (radial velocity, angular width, and source location) of halo coronal mass ejections ...(HCMEs) from single‐view observations are consistent with those from multiview observations. For this test, we select 44 HCMEs from December 2010 to June 2011 with the following conditions: partial and full HCMEs by SOHO and limb CMEs by twin STEREO spacecraft when they were approximately in quadrature. In this study, we compare the 3‐D parameters of the HCMEs from three different methods: (1) a geometrical triangulation method, the STEREO CAT tool developed by NASA/CCMC, for multiview observations using STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO data, (2) the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) flux rope model for multiview observations using STEREO/SECCHI data, and (3) an ice cream cone model for single‐view observations using SOHO/LASCO data. We find that the radial velocities and the source locations of the HCMEs from three methods are well consistent with one another with high correlation coefficients (≥0.9). However, the angular widths by the ice cream cone model are noticeably underestimated for broad CMEs larger than 100° and several partial HCMEs. A comparison between the 3‐D CME parameters directly measured from twin STEREO spacecraft and the above 3‐D parameters shows that the parameters from multiview are more consistent with the STEREO measurements than those from single view.
Key Points
It is possible to reasonably estimate the 3‐D parameters of HCME from single‐view observations
The 3‐D parameters from single‐view observations are consistent with those from multiview ones
In terms of space weather application, the geometrical triangulation method is the best
Objective
This study assessed trends in the incidence of and survival rates for oral cavity cancer in the Korean population.
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were ...extracted for 10 282 patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer (C01‐C06) between 1999 and 2010 to evaluate the age‐standardised incidence rate, annual percentage change (APC) and 5‐year relative survival rate (RSR) according to gender and age.
Results
In males, the incidence rate slightly decreased APC of −0.2% (P = 0.6427); in females, the incidence rate increased APC of 3.1% (P < 0.05). In males and females, the incidence of oral tongue cancer (C02) significantly increased APC of 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). This increase in oral tongue cancer incidence was most prominent in the younger age group (<40 years, APC = 6.1%, P < 0.05). The incidence of buccal cheek cancer increased only among males APC of 4.8% (P < 0.05). The 5‐year RSR improved from 42.7% (1993–1995) to 59.5% (2006–2010), corresponding to an increase of 16.8% from 1993 to 2010 (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The incidence of oral cavity cancer in females increased, whereas it stabilised or decreased in males. However, the incidence of oral tongue cancer increased in both males and females, especially in the younger age group.
Observations of the Failed Eruption of a Filament Ji, Haisheng; Wang, Haimin; Schmahl, Edward J ...
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal,
10/2003, Letnik:
595, Številka:
2
Journal Article
In this article we examine the occurrence probability of 104 major (
Ip
, at energies > 10 MeV) solar energetic particle events (SEPs) and their peak intensity dependence on source longitude and on ...the characteristics of solar flares/radio-loud (RL) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the period November 1997–December 2014. We classified them into three sets of events based on the source longitude (L) of the associated solar flares:
i
) eastern side events (30°E < L ≤ 90°E),
ii
) disk center (30°E ≤ L ≤ 30°W), and
iii
) western side events (30°W < L ≤ 90°W). On average, the mean rise time and duration of SEPs are significantly larger for eastern side events (2168 min and 4.16 days, respectively) than the disk center (1338 min and 2.65 days, respectively) and western side events (662 min and 2.42 days, respectively). The mean peak intensity of SEPs from the disk center (10
3.56
pfu) is found to be greater than that of SEPs from the western (10
2.88
pfu) and eastern (10
2.53
pfu) sides, respectively. The western side events (54%) have significantly higher occurrence probability than the disk center (34%) and eastern side (12%). While there is no significant difference in most of the properties of solar flares and RL CMEs, the eastern side associated RL CMEs are highly decelerated (−29.37 m s
−2
) than the disk center (−17.44 m s
−2
) and western side (−9.09 m s
−2
) events. The relationship between peak intensity of SEPs and peak flux of solar flares shows that the correlation coefficients (
cc
) decrease from the eastern side to the western side: 0.65 (eastern), 0.51 (disk), and 0.35 (western). Interestingly, we found that there is a good correlation between the peak intensity of major SEPs and the speed of the CMEs (
cc
=
0.75
) for disk center. From this study, we have concluded that gradualness depends on source longitude and increases from western to eastern side. It is also inferred that the relationship of peak intensity of SEP events with solar flare flux/CME speed is strongly dependent on source longitude.
In this paper, we have examined the relationships between the characteristics of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and geoeffectiveness in the declining phase of Solar Cycles 23 and 24. ...We discuss the results in comparison with those of the rising phase. Major results of this study are as follows: The ICMEs in the declining phase of Cycle 23 have generated higher storm strength than those in Cycle 24. The mean storm strength of the sheath and ICME for each cycle in the declining phase is greater than in the rising phase. This indicates that the declining phase is more geoeffective than the rising phase. Cycle 24 events seem to be slightly more geoeffective towards the second half of the cycle even though the cycle is weak in the rising phase. The mean radial size of ICMEs is
∼
0.36
AU in Cycle 23 and
∼
0.32
AU in Cycle 24. Around 25% of the ICMEs in Cycle 23 and 15% in Cycle 24 exceed
∼
0.5
AU in size at 1 AU. The correlation between the southward magnetic component (
B
s
) and the storm strength they cause is decisive in both cycles. This substantiates that the storm strength of the ICMEs strongly relies on the ICME
B
s
in both cycles. The correlation between the storm strength/
B
s
and the size of sheath/ICME seems insignificant, which suggests that the storm strength is independent of the size of the ICMEs. Almost 80% of geomagnetic storm peaks occurred in the ICME duration of the declining phase of Cycles 23 and 24, which is substantially identical to the rising phase. Summing up, this sort of study will be eminent to emphasize the variations in the rising and declining phases of solar cycles. The ICMEs are dominant in generating storms both in the rising and declining phases of a solar although in the declining phase they seem to generate more geoeffectiveness than in the rising phase.
Hospital infection control measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often based on expert discretion due to the lack of detailed guidelines.
To survey the current strategies for ...preventing the transmission of COVID-19 in medical institutions.
Thirteen key issues related to the prevention of COVID-19 transmission within medical institutions were selected via discussion among infectious diseases specialists, and related critical questions were obtained following a review of national-level guidelines in government databases. Six hospitals had an open survey between 11th and 25th August 2020 to provide responses to these topics. An online questionnaire developed from these data was sent to infection control teams at 46 hospitals in South Korea between 31st January 2021 and 20th February 2021.
All 46 hospitals responded to the survey. All operated screening clinics, but 89.1% (41/46) allowed symptomatic patients without COVID-19-associated symptoms to visit general outpatient clinics. Most hospitals (87.2%, 34/39) conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for all hospitalized patients. Of 35/46 (76.1%) hospitals with pre-emptive isolation policies for hospitalized patients, 31 (88.6%) released patients from isolation after a single negative PCR test, while most (76.9%, 20/26) allowed shared-room accommodation for patients meeting the national criteria for release from isolation despite positive PCR results with above cycle threshold values (34.6%, 9/26), or after a certain period that satisfied the national criteria (26.9%, 7/26).
Individual hospitals in South Korea are currently relying on experience to frame relevant guidelines, and responded differently to some infection control issues on hospital settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Whether indoor painting aggravates preexisting allergic diseases remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of new classroom painting on aggravation of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and ...atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Studied school was previously painted with conventional water‐based paint 20 years ago and had natural ventilation system. We identified a total of 172 children aged 10–12 years with allergic diseases in 17 classrooms, which were allocated to newly painted rooms with low‐volatile organic compounds (VOC), water‐based paint, or existing rooms. After painting, there was no intervention or internal airflow to influence indoor air environment in both classrooms. We prospectively assessed the symptom severity and serious events of allergic diseases between both classrooms at baseline and after one and eight weeks after painting. At one and eight weeks, there were no significant changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test scores, the fractional nitric oxide levels, lung function in asthmatic children in either classroom. There were also no significant changes in the severity score of AR or AD, or serious events in all allergic diseases. These findings suggest classroom painting with this new paint at the levels encountered in this study might not be a major aggravating factor for school‐aged children with allergic diseases.
In this study, we identify 123 geosynchronous magnetopause crossings using geosynchronous satellite observation data from 1996 to 2010 as well as make an observational test of magnetopause location ...models using the identified events. For this, we consider three models: Petrinec and Russell (1996), Shue et al. (1998), and Lin et al. (2010). To evaluate the models, we estimate a probability of detection (PoD) and a critical success index (CSI) as a function of year. To examine the effect of solar cycle phase, we consider three different time periods: (1) ascending phase (1996–1999), (2) maximum phase (2000–2002), and (3) descending phase (2003–2008). Major results from this study are as follows. First, the PoD values of all models range from 0.4 to 0.8 for the most of years. Second, the PoD values of Lin et al. (2010) are noticeably higher than those of the other models. Third, the CSI values of all models range from 0.1 to 0.3, and those of Shue et al. (1998) are slightly higher than those of the other models. Fourth, the predicted magnetopause radii based on Lin et al.(2010) well match the observed ones within 1 Earth radius, while those on Shue et al. (1998) overestimate the observed ones by about 2 Earth radii. Fifth, the PoD and critical success index (CSI) values of all the models are better for the solar maximum phase than those for the other phases, implying that the models are more optimized for the phase.
Key Points
The PoD and CSI values range from 0.4 to 0.8 and from 0.1 to 0.3, respectively
Lin et al. (2010) has the highest PoD values in solar cycle 23
Forecasting of geosynchronous magnetopause crossing depends on solar cycle phase
The phenomenon of band splitting in type II bursts can be a unique diagnostic for the magnetic field in the corona, which is, however, inevitably sensitive to the ambient density. We apply this ...diagnostic to the CME-flare event on 2004 August 18, for which we are able to locate the propagation of the type II burst and determine the ambient coronal electron density by other means. We measure the width of the band splitting on a dynamic spectrum of the bursts observed with the Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer (GBSRBS), and convert it to the Alfven Mach number under the Rankine-Hugoniot relation. We then determine the Alfven speed and magnetic field strength using the coronal background density and shock speed measured with the MLSO/MK4 coronameter. In this way we find that the shock compression ratio is in the range of 1.5-1.6, the Alfvenic Mach number is 1.4-1.5, the Alfven speed is 550-400 km s super(-1), and finally the magnetic field strength decreases from 1.3 to 0.4 G while the shock passes from 1.6 to 2.1. The magnetic field strength derived from the type II spectrum is finally compared with the potential field source surface (PFSS) model for further evaluation of this diagnostic.
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