Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the main cause of death in our country. Adequate control of lipid metabolism disorders is a key challenge in cardiovascular prevention that is far from ...being achieved in real clinical practice. There is a great heterogeneity in the reports of lipid metabolism from Spanish clinical laboratories, which may contribute to its poor control. For this reason, a working group of the main scientific societies involved in the care of patients at vascular risk, has prepared this document with a consensus proposal on the determination of the basic lipid profile in cardiovascular prevention, recommendations for its realization and unification of criteria to incorporate the lipid control goals appropriate to the vascular risk of the patients in the laboratory reports.
Recomendaciones nutricionales para el niño deportista Sánchez-Valverde Visus, F.; Moráis López, A.; Ibáñez, J. ...
Anales de pediatría (Barcelona, Spain : 2003),
August 2014, Letnik:
81, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
El deporte tiene numerosos beneficios para la salud y una adecuada nutrición ayuda a conseguir un óptimo rendimiento. La mayor parte de la actividad deportiva realizada por la población infantil ...tiene lugar en el ámbito escolar, no incluye actividades de resistencia y con frecuencia no tiene carácter de alta competición. Las características de la dieta del niño deportista son similares a la de la población pediátrica general, debiendo asegurar una óptima cobertura de los requerimientos. Durante la realización de la actividad, debe asegurarse una correcta hidratación y para ello el agua resulta la bebida más adecuada en la mayor parte de las situaciones, quedando el uso de otros productos reservado en pediatría a situaciones especiales muy concretas. La utilización sistemática de suplementos energéticos, así como la de micronutrientes, no está justificada con carácter general. El pediatra debe conocer y monitorizar el estado nutricional y los hábitos dietéticos del niño deportista, vigilar estrechamente aquellas situaciones donde se pretenda una disminución del peso corporal y valorar los aspectos psicológicos relacionados con la práctica deportiva competitiva.
Several health benefits have been attributed to sports practice, and an adequate nutrition status helps to maintain an optimal performance. Children most frequently practice non-competitive and non-endurance activities in a school setting. The dietary intake of children who practice sports should be similar to the general population, properly meeting their energy and nutrient requirements. During the activity performance, correct hydration should be aimed for, with water appearing to be an adequate source in most cases. General calorie and micronutrient supplementation should not be commonly recommended in children. Paediatricians must control nutritional status and dietary habits of children who practice sports, especially in those cases when weight-loss is aimed for, as well as take into account the psychological implications of competitive sports practice.
To assess the hypothesis of central amino acid-sensing systems involved in the control of food intake in fish, we carried out two experiments in rainbow trout. In the first one, we injected ...intracerebroventricularly two different branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine and valine, and assessed food intake up to 48 h later. Leucine decreased and valine increased food intake. In a second experiment, 6 h after similar intracerebroventricular treatment we determined changes in parameters related to putative amino acid-sensing systems. Different areas of rainbow trout brain present amino acid-sensing systems responding to leucine (hypothalamus and telencephalon) and valine (telencephalon), while other areas (midbrain and hindbrain) do not respond to these treatments. The decreased food intake observed in fish treated intracerebroventricularly with leucine could relate to changes in mRNA abundance of hypothalamic neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcript (CART), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). These in turn could relate to amino acid-sensing systems present in the same area, related to BCAA and glutamine metabolism, as well as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), taste receptors, and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase signaling. The treatment with valine did not affect amino acid-sensing parameters in the hypothalamus. These responses are comparable to those characterized in mammals. However, clear differences arise when comparing rainbow trout and mammals, in particular with respect to the clear orexigenic effect of valine, which could relate to the finding that valine partially stimulated two amino acid-sensing systems in the telencephalon. Another novel result is the clear effect of leucine on telencephalon, in which amino acid-sensing systems, but not neuropeptides, were activated as in the hypothalamus.
Standardization of clinical procedures has become a desirable objective in contemporary medical practice. To this effect, the Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SENPE) has ...endeavoured to create clinical practice guidelines and/or documents of consensus as well as quality standards in artificial nutrition. As a result, the SENPE´s Standardization Team has put together the "Document of Consensus in Enteral Access for Paediatric Nutritional Support" supported by the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), the National Association of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery (ANECIPN), and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Surgery (SECP). The present publication is a reduced version of our work; the complete document will be published as a monographic issue. It analyzes enteral access options in the pediatric patient, reviews the levels of evidence and provides the team-members' experience. Similarly, it details general and specific indications for pediatric enteral support, current techniques, care guidelines, methods of administration and complications of each enteral access. The data published by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) and several European Societies has also been incorporated.
Precision viticulture (PV) and precision agriculture (PA) requires the acquisition and processing of a vast collection of data coming typically from large scale and heterogeneous sensor networks. ...Unfortunately, sensor integration is far from being simple due to the number of incompatible network specifications and platforms. The adoption of a common, standard communication interface would allow the engineer to abstract the relation between the sensor and the network. This would reduce the development efforts and emerge as an important step towards the adoption of “plug-and-play” technology in PA/PV sensor networks. This paper explores this need and introduces a framework for smart data acquisition in PA/PV that relies on the IEEE 1451 family of standards, which addresses the transducer-to-network interoperability issues. The framework includes a ZigBee end device (sMPWiNodeZ), as an IEEE 1451 WTIM (Wireless Transducer Interface Module), and an IEEE 1451 NCAP (Network Capable Application Processor) that acts as gateway to an information service provider and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) coordinator. The paper discusses the proposed IEEE 1451 system architecture and its benefits in PA/PV and closes with results/lessons learned from in-field trials towards smarter WSN.
Los lactantes y niños menores de 5 años constituyen un grupo de riesgo para el desarrollo de ferropenia, al conjugarse frecuentemente en ellos unos requerimientos elevados con una ingesta escasa de ...hierro de alta biodisponibilidad. En esta edad, la ferropenia se ha relacionado con alteraciones del desarrollo psicomotor, entre otros trastornos, y algunos de sus efectos pueden permanecer en el tiempo, a pesar de la restauración de unos adecuados niveles de hierro. Por este motivo, las estrategias encaminadas a la prevención resultan de máxima importancia.
El pilar fundamental para la prevención de la ferropenia durante la lactancia y primera infancia es una adecuada orientación dietética. Durante los primeros 4-6 meses de vida, la leche materna es capaz de cubrir adecuadamente los requerimientos, debiendo utilizarse como alternativa, en caso necesario, una fórmula fortificada. Durante la diversificación, se recomienda introducir de forma precoz los cereales fortificados y las carnes. En el niño pequeño, el consumo diario de al menos una ración de alimentos que aporten hierro de alta biodisponibilidad, combinándolos adecuadamente con otros que favorezcan su absorción, es importante para lograr la cobertura de los requerimientos. Únicamente cuando éstos no sean cubiertos por la alimentación habitual, y en determinados grupos de riesgo, se debe realizar de forma seleccionada cribado y suplementación medicamentosa.
Infants and toddlers represent a risk population for iron deficiency (ID), due to their relatively high requirements, which are frequently associated with a poor intake of iron-rich foods. A possible association between ID and impaired cognitive and psychomotor development has been described, and it has been suggested that some of these effects can be irreversible. For this reason, prevention of ID has become a subject of much concern.
To promote an adequate dietetic iron intake is the most important approach for the prevention of ID. Exclusive breast-feeding provides adequate amounts of iron during the first 4-6 months of life, and iron-fortified formula should be used when an alternative is necessary. Fortified cereals and foods containing haem iron, such as meat, should be introduced early in complementary feeding. In toddlers, iron requirements can be satisfied with a daily consumption of at least one serving of iron-containing foods, along with enhancers of iron absorption. When daily requirements are not properly met by food intake, and in some high-risk populations, screening for ID and iron supplementation should be considered.
This study was conducted to evaluate the phenolic composition, toxicity, and antimicrobial activity of
Benth, an underexploited wild
species.
leaf fractions (ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate) were ...analyzed for their phenolic compound and flavonoid total, and high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet spectra chromatographic profiles. Regarding the extract biological effects, toxicity was measured by acute oral toxicity in Wistar rats, MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method, and apoptosis indicators with DAPI in VERO cells, whereas well-agar diffusion and broth microdilution assays were applied to evaluate the antimicrobial ability. The phytochemical analysis resulted in significant amounts of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids in the extract and fraction, with flavonol-3-O-glycosylates as the main constituent. Regarding the extract and fraction antimicrobial activity, the results showed a significant effect against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, among which
and
displayed more susceptibility. No toxicity effects were observed in animals. Concerning the cytotoxicity assay, only the highest dose tested exhibited a minimal toxic effect on the analyzed cell lines. These results are relevant considering the increase of multiresistant microorganisms to conventional treatments applied. Therefore, investigating the pharmacological properties of the genus
is promising in the search for new sources of antimicrobial compounds.
Malnutrition among hospitalized patients has clinical implications, and interest has arisen to find screening tools able to identify subjects under risk. At present, there is no consensus about the ...most suitable nutrition screening tool for pediatric patients.
To validate STAMP (Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics) pediatric screening tool in Spain.
Descriptive cross-sectional study of patients admitted to a 3rd level children's hospital with both medical and surgical specialities. During the first 24 hours of admission, STAMP screening tool was applied. For its validation, results were compared with those obtained from a nutritional assessment performed by specialist staff, which included clinical, anthropometric and body composition data.
A sample of 250 children was studied. Nutritional assessment identified 64 patients (25.6%) under risk, 40 of whom were malnourished (16%). STAMP classified 48.4% of the patients as being under nutritional risk. This tool showed 75% sensitivity and 60.8% specificity when identifying patients under risk according to nutritional assessment. It showed 90% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity when identifying malnourished patients.
Malnutrition was less frequent than that reported in other European countries, although diagnosis technique was different. STAMP is a simple and useful tool for nutritional screening, avoiding the need to assess all patients on admission in order to identify those under nutritional risk.
PDF
