Among several commercial enzymes screened for chitosanolytic activity, Neutrase 0.8L (a protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) was selected in order to obtain a product enriched in deacetylated ...chitooligosaccharides (COS). The hydrolysis of different chitosans with this enzyme was followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF), and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Neutrase 0.8L converted 10 g/L of various chitosans into mostly deacetylated oligosaccharides, yielding approximately 2.5 g/L of chitobiose, 4.5 g/L of chitotriose, and 3 g/L of chitotetraose. We found out that the neutral protease was not responsible for the chitosanolytic activity in the extract, while it could participate in the deacetylating process. The synthesized COS were tested in vitro for their neuroprotective (toward human SH-S5Y5 neurons) and anti-inflammatory (in RAW macrophages) activities, and compared with other functional ingredients, namely fructooligosaccharides.
Purpose
To assess the association between the consumption of non-soy legumes and different subtypes of non-soy legumes and serum uric acid (SUA) or hyperuricemia in elderly individuals with ...overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study. We included 6329 participants with information on non-soy legume consumption and SUA levels. Non-soy legume consumption was estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models and Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between tertiles of non-soy legume consumption, different subtypes of non-soy legume consumption and SUA levels or hyperuricemia prevalence, respectively.
Results
Individuals in the highest tertile (T3) of total non-soy legume, lentil and pea consumption, had 0.14 mg/dL, 0.19 mg/dL and 0.12 mg/dL lower SUA levels, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertile (T1), which was considered the reference one. Chickpea and dry bean consumption showed no association. In multivariable models, participants located in the top tertile of total non-soy legumes prevalence ratio (PR): 0.89; 95% CI 0.82–0.97;
p
trend = 0.01, lentils (PR: 0.89; 95% CI 0.82–0.97;
p
trend = 0.01), dry beans (PR: 0.91; 95% C: 0.84–0.99;
p
trend = 0.03) and peas (PR: 0.89; 95% CI 0.82–0.97;
p
trend = 0.01) presented a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia (vs. the bottom tertile). Chickpea consumption was not associated with hyperuricemia prevalence.
Conclusions
In this study of elderly subjects with metabolic syndrome, we observed that despite being a purine-rich food, non-soy legumes were inversely associated with SUA levels and hyperuricemia prevalence.
Trial registration
ISRCTN89898870. Registration date: 24 July 2014.
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