A breakdown in homeostasis of redox-active metals represents an important factor for neurodegeneration. We have used EPR spectroscopy and BMPO spin-trap to investigate the catalytic properties and ...ligand modulation of redox activity of copper and iron in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In contrast to iron, copper supplementation provoked a statistically significant increase in hydroxyl free radical generation in CSF treated with H
2
O
2
. However, in a binary copper/iron containing Fenton system, iron catalytically activated copper. The chelator EDTA, which represents a model of physiological metal ligands, completely prevented copper's redox activity in CSF, while iron chelation led to a significant increase in hydroxyl radical generation, indicating that copper and iron do not only have diverse catalytic properties in the CSF but also that their redox activities are differently modulated by ligands. The application of DDC reduced hydroxyl radical generation in the CSF containing catalytically active metals (free Cu
2+
or Fe
3+
-EDTA complex). We conclude that chelators, such as DDC, are capable of preventing the prooxidative activity of both metals and may be suitable for reducing hydroxyl radical formation in certain pathophysiological settings.
Este artículo analiza lo que un grupo de profesionales de apoyo de la provincia de Sevilla debatió a raíz de su participación en unas jornadas de formación sobre Apoyo a la Escuela y Procesos de ...Diversidad Educativa organizada por el CEP de Alcalá de Guadaira. Los componentes de este grupo, reunidos en diversas ocasiones, analizaron los problemas que se encontraban en su práctica diaria y definieron el modelo de apoyo al que se dirigían, para posteriormente proponer alternativas para poder llegar hasta él. La filosofía que subyace a la Atención a la Diversidad, la definición del rol de profesionales de apoyo, las relaciones interpersonales y la dificultad de adaptar el currículum al aula, son cuestiones a las que los profesionales implicados dan alternativas reales y posibles.
Human-computer confluence refers to an invisible, implicit, embodied or even implanted interaction between humans and system components. New classes of user interfaces are emerging that make use of ...several sensors and are able to adapt their physical properties to the current situational context of users. A key aspect of human-computer confluence is its potential for transforming human experience in the sense of bending, breaking and blending the barriers between the real, the virtual and the augmented, to allow users to experience their body and their world in new ways. Research on Presence, Embodiment and Brain-Computer Interface is already exploring these boundaries and asking questions such as: Can we seamlessly move between the virtual and the real? Can we assimilate fundamentally new senses through confluence? The aim of this book is to explore the boundaries and intersections of the multidisciplinary field of HCC and discuss its potential applications in different domains, including healthcare, education, training and even arts.
We examine the demand for audited financial statements in the context of deregulation. In 1994 a change in Canadian legislation eliminated a mandatory requirement for certain private companies to ...file audited financial statements.
The objective of this research was to determine the importance of factors that might influence whether the audit is discontinued. Information was obtained from the Cancorp Plus database and through a survey of companies affected by the change in legislation.
It was found that a large majority of the companies retained their audit. The strongest predictors of whether the audit would be retained were the prior existence of a lending agreement requiring audited financial statements and the level of audit fees. The likelihood of retention was positively related to the magnitude of fees, perhaps reflecting the perceived benefits of the audit. The existence of a lending agreement was found to be influenced by the ownership level of the entity's officers and directors. This study underlines the importance of audited financial statements to lenders.
We examine the deregulation of an audit requirement for a group of private Canadian companies. In particular, we study the circumstances surrounding this deregulation and the impact of the change in ...legislation on the subsequent purchase of audit services. The study was done through the examination of archival documents relating to the change to the legislation, together with a survey of Chief Financial Officers of companies that were affected by this change in legislation.
We found that the federal government justified the change as a response to a perceived threat to the viability of the federal incorporation legislation, and that the government pursued this course in spite of the lobbying efforts of representatives from the accounting profession. Approximately one-quarter of the companies whose audit requirement was deregulated, purchased lesser levels of assurance services or no assurance services after the change in legislation.
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