Herein, we report the first example of a paper-based screen-printed biosensor for the detection of ethanol in beer samples. Common office paper was adopted to fabricate the analytical device. The ...properties of this paper-based screen-printed electrode (SPE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, and they were compared with the well-established polyester-based SPEs as well. Paper demonstrated similar properties when compared with polyester, highlighting suitability towards its utilization in sensor development, with the advantages of low cost and simple disposal by incineration. A nanocomposite formed by Carbon Black (CB) and Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PBNPs), namely CB/PBNPs, was utilized as an electrocatalyst to detect the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic reaction between alcohol oxidase (AOx) and ethanol. After optimizing the analytical parameters, such as pH, enzyme, concentration, and working potential, the developed biosensor allowed a facile quantification of ethanol up to 10 mM (0.058 %vol), with a sensitivity of 9.13 μA/mM cm2 (1574 μA/%vol cm2) and a detection limit equal to 0.52 mM (0.003%vol). These satisfactory performances rendered the realized paper-based biosensor reliable over the analysis of ethanol contained in four different types of beers, including Pilsner, Weiss, Lager, and alcohol-free. The proposed manufacturing approach offers an affordable and sustainable tool for food quality control and for the realization of different electrochemical sensors and biosensors as well.
Display omitted
•Novel ethanol biosensor fabricated onto office paper.•Enhanced hydrogen peroxide detection using Carbon black/Prussian blue nanoparticles.•Only 100 μL required to perform measurements.•Paper-based electrochemical device coupled with a portable potentiostat.•Rapid quantification of ethanol in beer samples.
Advances in cutting-edge technologies including nanotechnology, microfluidics, electronic engineering, and material science have boosted a new era in the design of robust and sensitive biosensors. In ...recent years, carbon black has been re-discovered in the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors thanks to its interesting electroanalytical properties, absence of treatment requirement, cost-effectiveness (c.a. 1 €/Kg), and easiness in the preparation of stable dispersions. Herein, we present an overview of the literature on carbon black-based electrochemical (bio)sensors, highlighting current trends and possible challenges to this rapidly developing area, with a special focus on the fabrication of carbon black-based electrodes in the realisation of sensors and biosensors (e.g. enzymatic, immunosensors, and DNA-based).
•CB as cost-effective and high performant nanomaterial for electrochemical biosensors.•Highly sensitive CB-based enzymatic, DNA, and immuno-sensors.•Sustainable biosensors combing paper and CB.
•Screen-printed electrodes modified with nanomaterials provide better analytical features.•Paper based electrochemical devices provide easy and cost effective analyses.•Label-free innovative ...electrochemical immunosensors as screening methods to detect important metabolites.•Novel DNA-based electrochemical disposable sensors: new devices to measure low concentrations of clinical markers.
This review addresses recent advances in the development of screen-printed electrode based biosensors modified with different nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metallic nanoparticles as gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles, and mediator nanoparticles (Prussian Blue, Cobalt Phthalocyanine, etc.), coupled with biological recognition elements such as enzymes, antibodies, DNA and aptamers to obtain probes with improved analytical features. Examples of clinical applications are illustrated, together with examples of paper-based electrochemical devices, of multiple detections using arrays of screen printed electrodes, and of the most recent developments in the field of wearable biosensors. Also the use of smartphones as final detectors is briefly depicted.
Paper-based microfluidic devices are gaining large popularity because of their uncontested advantages of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, limited necessity of laboratory infrastructure and skilled ...personnel. Moreover, these devices require only small volumes of reagents and samples, provide rapid analysis, and are portable and disposable. Their combination with electrochemical detection offers additional benefits of high sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity of instrumentation, portability, and low cost of the total system. Herein, we present the first example of an integrated paper-based screen-printed electrochemical biosensor device able to quantify nerve agents. The principle of this approach is based on dual electrochemical measurements, in parallel, of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activity towards butyrylthiocholine with and without exposure to contaminated samples. The sensitivity of this device is largely improved using a carbon black/Prussian Blue nanocomposite as a working electrode modifier. The proposed device allows an entirely reagent-free analysis. A strip of a nitrocellulose membrane, that contains the substrate, is integrated with a paper-based test area that holds a screen-printed electrode and BChE. Paraoxon, chosen as nerve agent simulant, is linearly detected down to 3µg/L. The use of extremely affordable manufacturing techniques provides a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and inexpensive tool for in situ assessment of nerve agent contamination. This represents a powerful approach for use by non-specialists, that can be easily broadened to other (bio)systems.
Display omitted
•Fully paper-based nerve agent electrochemical biosensor.•Easy fabrication route.•Reagentless all-in-paper approach.•User-friendly and laboratory-free platform.•Concept highly extensible to others (bio)systems.
Through the years, scientists have developed cutting-edge technologies to make (bio)sensors more convenient for environmental analytical purposes. Technological advancements in the fields of material ...science, rational design, microfluidics, and sensor printing, have radically shaped biosensor technology, which is even more evident in the continuous development of sensing systems for the monitoring of hazardous chemicals. These efforts will be crucial in solving some of the problems constraining biosensors to reach real environmental applications, such as continuous analyses in field by means of multi-analyte portable devices. This review (with 203 refs.) covers the progress between 2010 and 2015 in the field of technologies enabling biosensor applications in environmental analysis, including i) printing technology, ii) nanomaterial technology, iii) nanomotors, iv) biomimetic design, and (v) microfluidics. Next section describes futuristic cutting-edge technologies that are gaining momentum in recent years, which furnish highly innovative aspects to biosensing devices.
Display omitted
•Cutting-edge technologies in biosensor fabrication for the detection of pollutants.•Printed sensors, nanomaterials, nanomotors, biomimetic design, lab on a chip are described.•Futuristic cross-cutting technologies for innovative aspects of (bio)sensors are reported.
The recent goal of sustainability in analytical chemistry has boosted the development of eco-designed analytical tools to deliver fast and cost-effective analysis with low economic and environmental ...impact. Due to the recent focus in sustainability, we report the use of low-cost filter paper as a sustainable material to print silver electrodes and to load reagents for a reagent-free electrochemical detection of chloride in biological samples, namely serum and sweat. The electrochemical detection of chloride ions was carried out by exploiting the reaction of the analyte (i.e. chloride) with the silver working electrode. During the oxidation wave in cyclic voltammetry the silver ions are produced, thus they react with chloride ions to form AgCl, while in the reduction wave, the following reaction occurs: AgCl + e- -->Ag + Cl-. These reactions at the electrode surface resulted in anodic/cathodic peaks directly proportional to the chloride ions in solution. Chloride ions were detected with the addition of only 10μL of the sample on the paper-based electrochemical cell, obtaining linearity up to 200mM with a detection limit equal to 1mM and relative standard deviation lower than 10%. The accuracy of the sensor was evaluated in serum and sweat samples, with percentage recoveries between 93 ± 10 and 108 ± 8%. Moreover, the results achieved with the paper-based device were positively compared with those obtained by using the gold standard method (Ion Selective Electrode) adopted in routine clinical analyses.
Display omitted
•Paper-based electrochemical sensor for chloride detection.•Green manufacturing approach to fabricate a reagent-free device.•Direct analyses in sweat without any sample treatment.•Chloride has been detected in serum in accordance with the gold standard method.
Herein, we evaluated the use of paper towel, waxed paper, and Parafilm M
(Heathrow Scientific, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) as alternative substrates for screen-printed sensor manufacturing. Morphological ...study was performed to evaluate the adhesion of the ink on these uncommon substrates, as well as the morphology of the working electrode. The electrochemical characterization was carried out using ferricyanide/ferrocyanide as redox couple. To enhance the electrochemical properties of the developed sensors, the nanomaterial carbon black was used as nanomodifier. The modification by drop casting of the working electrode surface, using a stable dispersion of carbon black, allows to obtain a sensor with improved electrochemical behavior in terms of peak-to-peak separation, current intensity, and the resistance of charge transfer. The results achieved confirm the possibility of printing the electrode on several cost-effective paper-based materials and the improvement of the electrochemical behavior by using carbon black as sustainable nanomaterial.
In the last 10 years, paper-based electrochemical biosensors have gathered attention from the scientific community for their unique advantages and sustainability vision. The use of papers in the ...design the electrochemical biosensors confers to these analytical tools several interesting features such as the management of the solution flow without external equipment, the fabrication of reagent-free devices exploiting the porosity of the paper to store the reagents, and the unprecedented capability to detect the target analyte in gas phase without any sampling system. Furthermore, cost-effective fabrication using printing technologies, including wax and screen-printing, combined with the use of this eco-friendly substrate and the possibility of reducing waste management after measuring by the incineration of the sensor, designate these type of sensors as eco-designed analytical tools. Additionally, the foldability feature of the paper has been recently exploited to design and fabricate 3D multifarious biosensors, which are able to detect different target analytes by using enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers, and cells as biocomponents. Interestingly, the 3D structure has recently boosted the self-powered paper-based biosensors, opening new frontiers in origami devices. This review aims to give an overview of the current state origami paper-based biosensors, pointing out how the foldability of the paper allows for the development of sensitive, selective, and easy-to-use smart and sustainable analytical devices.
A sensor for the simple and sensitive measurement of hydrogen peroxide has been developed which is based on screen printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) ...deposited using piezoelectric inkjet printing. PBNP-modified SPEs were characterized using physical and electrochemical techniques to optimize the PBNP layer thickness and electroanalytical conditions for optimum measurement of hydrogen peroxide. Sensor optimization resulted in a limit of detection of 2 × 10(-7) M, a linear range from 0 to 4.5 mM and a sensitivity of 762 μA ∙ mM(-1) ∙ cm(-2) which was achieved using 20 layers of printed PBNPs. Sensors also demonstrated excellent reproducibility (<5% rsd).
Green nanomaterials fostering agrifood sustainability Bartolucci, Cecilia; Antonacci, Amina; Arduini, Fabiana ...
TrAC, Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.),
April 2020, 2020-04-00, Letnik:
125
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The application of nanotechnologies to the agrifood sector provides one of the innovative tools able to support change in a system that, through its intensification and industrialization, currently ...fails both humans and the environment. The development of green nanotechnology, which exploits biological routes for the synthesis of nanomaterials, and specifically aims to minimize the production of hazardous substances and the input of energy, further underlines the disruptive potential of this technology. Due to the lack of toxic chemicals during their synthesis and to their high adaptability, green nanomaterials thus produced have a wide application domain, and this is reflected in the number of sustainable development goals affected by their use. This review describes the last trends on the eco-designed nanomaterials produced by means of green strategies for application in agriculture, such as nanofertilisers, nanopesticides, and nano(bio)sensors.
•Nanotechnology has great potential impacts on agrifood by reducing spread chemicals through targeted and controlled inputs.•Green nanomaterials contribute to design eco-designed nanoparticles and nanosystems for sustainable agrifood applications.•Despite green synthetic strategies, knowledge gaps on nanomaterials toxicity require concerted efforts on risks assessment.
PDF
