Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, CAS 77-10-1, PCP, I) and many of its analogues have been synthesized and their pharmacological properties studied. In this research, new methyl ...morpholine derivative of phencyclidine (1-1-(4-methylphenyl) (cyclohexyl)morpholine, Methyl-PCM, III) was synthesized and the acute and chronic pain activities were studied using tail immersion and formalin tests on rats and compared to PCP and PCM (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)morpholine, CAS 2201-40-3, PCP-morpholine, II). The results Indicated that Methyl-PCM (III, 6 mg/kg, i.p) produces more analgesic effects in tail immersion test (as a model of acute thermal pain) in comparison with the PCP, PCM and control groups. Meanwhile, this analgesic effect was markedly shown 5-15 min after the compound III application. In formalin test analysis, the acute pain (phase I) could not be affected by any drugs, but the chronic formalin pain (phase II) could be diminished by PCM and especially compound III. The chronic analgesic effect of Methyl-PCM was markedly shown in the late phase of chronic pain.
In order to registration of fig cultivars, the commercial and native fig in Fars (Sabz, Siah, Shah Anjir, Rono, Matti, Kashki, Siah-e-Dorosht, Peyves, Dane Sefid caprifig and Pouz Donbali caprifig), ...Markazi (Zard-e-Piazi), Lorestan (Meshki) and Kermanshah (Manjifi) provinces were studied. Evaluation of morphological traits based on national tests instructions distinction, uniformity, and stability of fig were done. The results showed that the traits of growth habit for Siah cultivar, color of One-year-old shoot for Zard-e-Piazi cultivar, color of terminal bud for Manjifi cultivar, tendency of two-year-old shoot for Sabz and Siah-e-Dorosht cultivars, shape of central lobe and leaf base for Meshki cultivar, ratio petiole length/blade lengh for Meshki cultivar, leaf blade length for Dane Sefid and Pouz Donbali cultivars, petiole length for Siah-e-Dorosht, Meshki and Manjifi cultivars, petiole thickness for Dane Sefid cultivar, shape of main crop for Matti and Dane Sefid cultivars, fruit width of main crop for Siah-e-Dorosht and Manjifi cultivars, Skin ground color of main crop for Matti, Siah-e-Dorosht and Meshki cultivars, Skin overcolor of main crop for Siah, Kashki, Manjifi, Dane Sefid and Pouz Donbali cultivars, lenticels color of main crop for Zard-e-Piazi cultivar, pulp color of main crop for Siah and Payves cultivars, cavity pulp of main crop for Shah Anjir, Kashki, Siah-e-Dorosht and Payves cultivars, juiciness and expression of skin cracks of main crop for Manjifi cultivar, achenes size of main crop for Matti and Kashki cultivars, ostiole cracks of main crop for Sabz, Payves and Manjifi cultivar, fruits per shoot of first crop for Pouz Donbali cultivar, main crop ease of peeling for Matti cultivar, production type for Siah-e-Dorosht, Dane Sefid and Pouz Donbali, Zard-e-Piazi and Meshki cultivars, main crop time of beginning of fruit maturation for Matti cultivar, date of terminal bud-brust (leafing) for Matti and Manjifi cultivars and date of leaf fall for Sabz cultivar are distinct and exclusive factors. Grouping exclusive traits all cultivars were registered by using these characteristics and statistical analyze.
Fars provinceis one of the most important region for almond production.More than 22% of the whole almond production and 19% of almond cultivated area is located in Fars.Many local and wild cultivars ...have been detected by foreign and Iranian researchers.Almond collection has been studied,Identificated and high yield cultivars introduced to the orchard growers. In present study 54 foreign and local almond cultivars have been grown 10 years.This study was based on balanced group blocks design.There were cultivars each 6 groups.4 tree were planted in each plot and the grand total was 648 yield kg/tree ,the percentage of kernel and blooming time were the most important properties wich staticaly analyzed in 2001.Analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference(1%) inter and intra groups. Three years mean yield comparsion revealed in group 1(very hard shell) cultivars 7 and 8, in group 2(thick shel) cultivars 2,26,29, in group 3(half-thick shell) cultivars 1,24 in group 4(fairy thick shell) cultivars 9,12 in group 5(fairy paper shell) varieties 6,21 and in group 6(paper shell) cultivars 10,13,14,15,16,36 had significant difference(1%) with others.From kernel aspects cultivars No:21(3.62 kg/tree) No:7(4.4 kg/tree) No:3(3.56 kg/tree) and No:21(3.62 kg/tree) had the best yield respectively.cultivars No 7,8 with 14.9 and 12.38 kg/tree had the best nut yields. From view of the kernel perecentage there were wild range(from 20 percentage up to 70 percentage) there were significant correlation between blooming,although there were another effective characterictics in yield.Fotunately,the late blooming cultivars had high yield. .
North Khuzestan with 245 hectares of rose flower is one of the most important regions in Iran that produces 36 percent of cut flower roses in winter. In order to evaluate nutritional problems of rose ...farms, samples of irrigation water, soil, leaf and flower were prepared from 34 rose flower farms. Chemical characteristics of irrigation water, soil physicochemical characteristics, leaf mineral concentrations and flower quality indices were determined. Afterward rose farms based on flower quality indices were divided to rose farms with high quality flowers and low quality flowers. Finally leaf mineral concentrations and flower quality indices in two groups were compared based on t Test. The results of this experiment showed that the classification of irrigation water was C2S1, which was very good. Average electrical conductivity of studied soils was 1.16 dS/m, therefor this soils had not salinity problem. High amount of CaCO3 in soils was led to increase the soil pH, which the average amount of its was 7.7. Irregular application of phosphorous fertilizers by farmers resulted to increase the content of available phosphorus in soil up to 28.2 mg/kg. Reduction of available potassium in studied soils to 120mg/kg resulted to decreases the flower quality indices. The average available soil micronutrients including Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were 7.9, 4.5, 1.5 and 2.1 mg/kg respectively, that were all optimum except to Mn for rose production. The results revealed that there was a significant increase at 1% level in leaf potassium concentration, flower fresh weight, length and diameter of flower in rose farms with high quality flowers compared to rose farms with low quality flowers. Other leaf nutrients were not significant difference in two groups.
In order to examine the effect of phosphorous release microorganisms in corn production and compare them with phosphorous chemical fertilizers, a field experiment was conducted in corn fields of ...Fars, Khozestan (Dezful), Varamin and Karaj during the 2003-2006. The experiment was performed in the form of Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 treatments and three replications. The treatments were a) control (without phosphorous application), b) application of phosphorous as microbial phosphate source (organic fertilizer), c) application of phosphorous as Golden Bio-phosphate source (organic fertilizer) and d) application of phosphorous as triple super phosphate (chemical fertilizer). Scince there was some organic matter, sulphur, and zinc in the organic fertilizers, the calculated amount of these elements was also applied to other treatments. Results of statistical analysis in Fars area showed that the effect of different treatments on total yield and grain yield was significant at P0.01 or P0.05. The maximum yield of grain (9559 kg.ha-1) was obtained from the treatment in which triple super phosphate was used as phosphate resource. There was significant difference between the control treatments and treatments in which P was applied for grain yield, while the difference between the treatments in which P was applied was not significant for grain yield. Results of the experiment conducted in Khoozestan (Dezful) showed that P application from the triple super phosphate source can be recommended for P requirements of corn. But application of super phosphate can be replaced by organic fertilizers such as microbial phosphate and or Golden Biophosphate sources when use in super phosphate is not economic. Results of experiments performance in Karaj showed that application of phosphorus had a significant effect on grain yield (p 0.01). The highest grain yield (with 14% moisture content) was obtained through the application of P microbial and lowest was obtain from the control treatment. Based on the results obtained in Karaj, P microbial source was recommended for corn production in Karaj area. Result of Varamine experiments showed that there was no significant difference between phosphorous sources but application of fertilizers containing P had significant effect on grain yield compared to control. In other words, corn needs P fertilizers. There was no difference between organic and chemical sources. In general, based on the results of this experiment in different parts of the country, there was a positive and significant effect of P application on grain yield. Triple super phosphate was better than other sources. Microbial phosphate was in the second place. Although, Golden bio-phosphate showed positive effect on grain yield in Varamin, but in Fars and some other area there was no significant difference between control and Golden bio-phosphate source. In general, application of microbial phosphate can be recommended instead of triple super phosphate especially from the economical view point but using Golden bio-phosphate source in corn fields is not recommended.
Because of limited resources of water and soil, Increasing pistachio acreage is not possible.Therefore, we must to increase our production rate by increasing yield in limit areas. One of the best and ...economic methods for this aim is using of improved cultivars that they are resistant to salty, cold, drought, pests and diseases plant genetic resources is benefit for breeding program and we have richest resources of pistachio genetic resources in the world. Identification, collection and conservation of these resources are very important for national economic improving. For these reasons, this national protect etevaluation, identification, conservation and study of Iranian pistachio genetic resources was done in Kerman, Yazd, sistan and baluchestan, Khorasan, Qazvin, Fars and east Azarbayejan provinces for 5 years. We used IPGRI pistachio descriptors for studying of morphological characters.These qualitative and quantitative character divided to 7 sections including: tree, flower, leaf, fruit cluster and flower bud and these characters measured in each cultivar and phenotype. Number of new local cultivars and phenotype were 80 (Rafsanjan 54, Sirjan 21, Zarand and Ravar 5) in Kerman province, 30 in Isfahan province, 7 in Qazvin, 5 in khorasan, 10 in east azarbayejan, 3 in fars, 20 in yazd and 9 in sistan and baluchestan provinces. In the future, we will established these new pistachio genetic resources in 3-4 national collections then these could he comparison in different character in uniform condition and used in breeding programs.
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