Neuropathic pain has been reported as a type of chronic pain due to the primary dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system. It is the most serious types of chronic pain, which can lead to a ...significant public health burden. But, the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is barely complete. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been regarded as modulators of neuronal functions. Growing studies have indicated lncRNAs can exert crucial roles in the development of neuropathic pain. Therefore, our present study focused on the potential role of the lncRNA Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE) in neuropathic pain progression. Firstly, a chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rat model was built. CRNDE was obviously increased in CCI rats. Interestingly, overexpression of CRNDE enhanced neuropathic pain behaviors. Neuroinflammation was induced by CRNDE and as demonstrated, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) protein levels in CCI rats were activated by LV‐CRNDE. For another, miR‐136 was obviously reduced in CCI rats. Previously, it is indicated that miR‐136 participates in the spinal cord injury via an inflammation in a rat model. Here, firstly, we verified miR‐136 could serve as CRNDE target. Loss of miR‐136 triggered neuropathic pain remarkably via the neuroinflammation activation. Additionally, IL6R was indicated as a target of miR‐136 and miR‐136 regulated its expression. Subsequently, we confirmed that CRNDE could induce interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) expression positively. Overall, it was implied that CRNDE promoted neuropathic pain progression via modulating miR‐136/IL6R axis in CCI rat models.
In our investigation, we found CRNDE was elevated while miR‐136 was reduced in CCI rats. CRNDE contributed to neuropathic pain via activating the neuroinflammation. As exhibited, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) protein expression was induced by the increase of CRNDE. Meanwhile, CRNDE could serve as a sponge of miR‐136.
In accordance with the principle that the cube graph can be obtained by superimposing planes, a multiple-image encryption scheme based on hyperchaotic map and 3D cube is designed in this paper. ...Multiple images are segmented by columns, and a regular cube is obtained by stacking multiple fixed-size planes. Each stacked plane is considered as a stacked plane of the cube along the z-axis direction. Firstly, each tangent plane is rotated by different angles in the counterclockwise direction and then DNA encoded, followed by face swap, row swap, and column swap in turn. Then, the DNA-encoded image cube is subjected to DNA addition with the chaotic cube. Finally, two DNA sequences are randomly selected for DNA mutation. The mutated cube is decoded into a digital cube by DNA and the multiple-image encryption algorithm is completed. Theoretically, the cube used in the encryption process can be infinitely large, which means that the number and the size of 2D images that can be encrypted can be unrestricted. Experimental simulations and performance tests prove that the proposed image encryption scheme is effective and secure.
In this paper, some properties of the fractional-order four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic memristive system are analyzed by the phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation diagram ...according to the Adomian decomposition method. Based on the chaotic system, a color image encryption scheme is proposed through combining the DNA sequence operation. The algorithm simulation results and security feature analysis show that the encryption scheme has good encryption effect and high safety performance, which provides an experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the safe transmission of image information.
A multi-image encryption scheme based on the fractional-order hyperchaotic system is designed in this paper. The chaotic characteristics of this system are analyzed by the phase diagram, Lyapunov ...exponent and bifurcation diagram. According to the analyses results, an interesting image encryption algorithm is proposed. Multiple grayscale images are fused into a color image using different channels. Then, the color image is scrambled and diffused in order to obtain a more secure cipher image. The pixel confusion operation and diffusion operation are assisted by fractional hyperchaotic system. Experimental simulation and test results indicate that the devised multi-image encryption scheme can effectively encrypt multiple images, which increase the efficiency of image encryption and transmission, and have good security performance.
In this paper, a fractional-order memristive chaotic circuit system is defined according to memristor circuit. The dynamic characteristics are analyzed through the phase diagram, bifurcation diagram, ...and Lyapunov exponent spectrum, and the randomness of the chaotic pseudo-random sequence is tested by NIST SP800-22. Based on this fractional-order memristive chaotic circuit, we propose a novel color image compression-encryption algorithm. In this algorithm, compression sensing (CS) algorithm is used for compression image, and then using Zigzag confusion, add modulus and BitCircShift diffuse encrypt the image. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed compression and encryption scheme has good compression performance, reconstruction effect, and higher safety performance. Moreover, it also shows that the new algorithm facilitates encryption, storage, and transmission of image information in practical applications.
Cancer cells re-program their metabolic machinery to meet the requirements of malignant transformation and progression. Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) was traditionally known as a mitochondrial enzyme that ...hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate and fuels rapid proliferation of cancer cells. However, emerging evidence has now revealed that GLS1 might be a novel oncogene involved in tumorigenesis and progression of human cancers. In this study, we sought to determine whether GLS1 implicated in invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and its underlying molecular mechanism. By analyzing a large set of clinical data from online datasets, we found that GLS1 is overexpressed in cancers compared with adjacent normal tissues, and associated with increased patient mortality. Immunohistochemical analysis of GLS1 staining showed that high GLS1 expression is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage in colorectal cancer patients. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the Cancer Genome Atlas database and found that GLS1 mRNA expression is associated with a hypoxia signature, which is correlated with an increased risk of metastasis and mortality. Furthermore, reduced oxygen availability increases GLS1 mRNA and protein expression, due to transcriptional activation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. GLS1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is required for hypoxia-induced migration and invasion in vitro and for tumor growth and metastatic colonization in vivo.
To reduce the bandwidth and storage resources of image information in communication transmission, and improve the secure communication of information. In this paper, an image compression and ...encryption algorithm based on fractional-order memristive hyperchaotic system and BP neural network is proposed. In this algorithm, the image pixel values are compressed by BP neural network, the chaotic sequences of the fractional-order memristive hyperchaotic system are used to diffuse the pixel values. The experimental simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm not only can effectively compress and encrypt image, but also have better security features. Therefore, this work provides theoretical guidance and experimental basis for the safe transmission and storage of image information in practical communication.
Thermal inactivation is a conventional and effective method of eliminating the infectivity of pathogens from specimens in clinical and biological laboratories, and reducing the risk of occupational ...exposure and environmental contamination. During the COVID-19 pandemic, specimens from patients and potentially infected individuals were heat treated and processed under BSL-2 conditions in a safe, cost-effective, and timely manner. The temperature and duration of heat treatment are optimized and standardized in the protocol according to the susceptibility of the pathogen and the impact on the integrity of the specimens, but the heating device is often undefined. Devices and medium transferring the thermal energy vary in heating rate, specific heat capacity, and conductivity, resulting in variations in efficiency and inactivation outcome that may compromise biosafety and downstream biological assays.
We evaluated the water bath and hot air oven in terms of pathogen inactivation efficiency, which are the most commonly used inactivation devices in hospitals and biological laboratories. By evaluating the temperature equilibrium and viral titer elimination under various conditions, we studied the devices and their inactivation outcomes under identical treatment protocol, and to analyzed the factors, such as energy conductivity, specific heat capacity, and heating rate, underlying the inactivation efficiencies.
We compared thermal inactivation of coronavirus using different devices, and have found that the water bath was more efficient at reducing infectivity, with higher heat transfer and thermal equilibration than a forced hot air oven. In addition to the efficiency, the water bath showed relative consistency in temperature equilibration of samples of different volumes, reduced the need for prolonged heating, and eliminated the risk of pathogen spread by forced airflow.
Our data support the proposal to define the heating device in the thermal inactivation protocol and in the specimen management policy.
With the rapid development of blockchain technology, the security of non-fungible tokens (NFT) in the transaction process has attracted much attention. In the transaction process, the commoditized ...NFT images will inevitably involve display and leakage problems, which is likely to lead to economic losses drink copyright disputes between the trading parties. To protect transaction security, a chaotic color multi-image compression encryption/LSB data-type steganography scheme is proposed in the paper. A series of chaotic sequences are obtained by iterating the chaotic map, while compression sensing (CS) is introduced to compress multiple secret images and fuse the compressed secret images into one large secret image. Then this image is encrypted, and the encrypted large secret image is hidden on multiple cover images by steganography. This encryption can hide the change in the statistical properties caused by steganography. Finally, the cover image is combined with the 3D object model by using it as a texture for the 3D object model to realize the type steganography of the image data. The simulation and performance test results of the scheme illustrate that the scheme has a large enough key space and steganography capacity, as well as good resistance to differential attacks, statistical attacks, compression reconstruction quality, and robustness. This scheme can well protect the transaction security of NFT images, and at the same time open a channel connecting 2D images and 3D obj textured models, which provides a new idea for steganography.
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