The aim of this paper is to explore the properties of various panel unit root tests in terms of their power and size regarding different panel data structures, with a special focus on small data ...samples. In particular, different values of the cross-sectional and time dimensions for both heterogeneous and homogeneous data settings with intercept and with and without time trend are observed. We examine and compare the results of five commonly used first-generation panel unit root tests: Levin, Lin and Chu test, Im Pesaran and Shin test, Harris–Tzavalis test, Breitung test and a Fischer type test. The results are derived using Monte Carlo simulations and show that all the observed panel unit root tests suffer from a serious lack of power and tend to either over or under reject the null hypothesis when the time dimensions are small. It is evident that the results of conducting panel unit root tests for data with T<30 are erroneous and unreliable, and it is therefore concluded that panel unit root tests should not be conducted for such samples in the first place. This is even more pronounced when there is a time trend or heterogeneity.
Ovaj rad istražuje utjecaj institucija na prihvaćenost kriptovaluta u zemlji s obzirom na razinu financijske pismenosti stanovništva zemlje. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da u zemljama s manjom ...financijskom pismenošću institucije imaju veći utjecaj na trgovinu s kriptovalutama. Kontrola korupcije, stabilnost vlade, socioekonomski uvjeti, demokracija i kvaliteta birokracije imaju negativan utjecaj, dok zakon i red, involviranost vojske u politiku i sukobi imaju pozitivan utjecaj. S druge strane, kod zemalja s većom financijskom pismenošću utjecaj institucija je manje izražen i uglavnom je negativan. Rast cijene Bitcoina motivira stanovništvo da se uključi u trgovinu kriptovalutama bez obzira na financijsku pismenost. Nadalje, kod država s većom financijskom pismenošću rast prometa na tržištu kapitala potiče dionike da uključe i kriptovalute u svoj portfelj, dok je kod zemalja s manjom financijskom pismenošću ta veza negativna. Ovi rezultati su dodatno potvrđeni i analizom zemalja s obzirom na financijsku inkluziju, koja se u literaturi često povezuje s financijskom pismenošću.
Zeolites and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are widely studied as drug carrying nanoplatforms to enhance the specificity and efficacy of traditional anticancer drugs. At present, there is no ...other systematic review that assesses the potency of zeolites/ZIFs as anticancer drug carriers. Due to the porous nature and inherent pH-sensitive properties of zeolites/ZIFs, the compounds can entrap and selectively release anticancer drugs into the acidic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is valuable to provide a comprehensive overview of available evidence on the topic to identify the benefits of the compound as well as potential gaps in knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic applications of zeolites/ZIFs as drug delivery systems delivering doxorubicin (DOX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), curcumin, cisplatin, and miR-34a. Following PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted. No language or time limitations were used up to 25th August 2021. Only full text articles were selected that pertained to the usage of zeolites/ZIFs in delivering anticancer drugs. Initially, 1279 studies were identified, of which 572 duplicate records were excluded. After screening for the title, abstract, and full texts, 53 articles remained and were included in the qualitative synthesis. An Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) test, which included a percent user agreement and reliability percent, was conducted for the 53 articles. The included studies suggest that anticancer drug-incorporated zeolites/ZIFs can be used as alternative treatment options to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment by mitigating the drawbacks of drugs under conventional treatment.
Allergic reactions sometimes participate in the development of perioral and oral diseases, indicating the need for appropriate allergen assessment. This review discusses current knowledge on the ...potential allergic reactions to different dental materials in patients with oral and perioral diseases. Aside from allergies to various dental materials, similar non-allergic, non-immune contact reactions (irritant or toxic) can occur. Among dental materials, the most frequent allergens are alloys, followed by rubber materials, polymers and acrylates. Allergic reactions to dental alloys that contain nickel, cobalt and amalgam are especially frequent since dentists use them for prosthetic and other restorations. There is a broad spectrum of clinical presentations of oral and perioral diseases possibly related to allergies, such as lichenoid reactions, cheilitis, perioral dermatitis, burning sensations, etc. Despite some limitations, patch test is crucial in the diagnosis and recognition of causative allergens because it reveals contact allergies, and is still superior in differentiating allergic and irritant contact reactions. It is important to examine patient medical histories (e.g., occurrence of symptoms after dental therapy or food consumption), and in consultation with their dentist, carry out allergy tests to specific dental allergens which are used or planned to be used in subsequent treatment.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is frequently diagnosed in the advanced stages. The purpose of this paper is to determine the salivary values of SCCA1, SCCA2 and TROP2 in patients with T1N0M0 ...OSCC and to compare them with the values obtained from healthy individuals. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva was sampled from 29 patients with T1N0M0 OSCC and 29 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. Statistical difference was observed in SCCA1 and SCCA2 levels both in UWS and SWS samples. TROP2 was not measurable in most of the salivary samples. Both SCCA1 and SCCA2 could represent potential biomarkers for the early-stage OSCC. Research on a larger sample and biomarker validation is needed to assess the clinical potential of SCCA1 and SCCA2 in the OSCC early diagnostics.
To determine the frequency and the characteristics of cutaneous manifestations, especially vitiligo and alopecia areata, in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD).
50 patients with cGVHD ...were prospectively enrolled in the observational study protocol and evaluated by an experienced dermatologist. The evaluation was focused on the clinical spectrum of skin and adnexal involvement, and the cutaneous GVHD score was determined according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus criteria. The presence of vitiligo, alopecia, xerosis, nail changes, and dyspigmentation was also assessed.
Out of 50 cGVHD patients, 28 (56%) had skin involvement, and 27 of them (96%) had hypo and/or hyperpigmentations. 11 patients (39%) had a mild cutaneous NIH cGVHD score, 22% moderate, and 39% severe. 15 (30%) patients had nail changes and 10 (20%) had vitiligo or alopecia areata. Univariate analysis showed that patients with vitiligo/alopecia areata received more lines of prior systemic immunosuppressive therapy (P=0.043), had lower Karnofsky performance status (P=0.028), and had a higher B-cell number (P=0.005), platelet count (P=0.022), and total protein (P=0.024). Vitiligo and alopecia areata were associated with higher NIH skin score (P=0.001), higher intensity of immunosuppressive treatment (P=0.020), and total body irradiation conditioning (P=0.040). Multivariate regression model showed that patients with higher NIH skin scoring were 3.67 times more likely to have alopecia and/or vitiligo (odds ratio 3.67; 95% confidence interval 1.26-10.73), controlled for all other factors in the model (age at study entry, number of B-cells, platelet count, and global NIH score).
These data indicate that vitiligo and alopecia areata occur more frequently in cGVHD than previously reported.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although the oral cavity is an easily accessible area for visual examination, the OSCC is more often detected at an ...advanced stage. The global prevalence of OSCC is around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to the increase in morbidity and mortality. The oral cavity microbiome has been the target of numerous studies, with findings highlighting the significant role of dysbiosis in developing OSCC. Dysbiosis can significantly increase pathobionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that trigger inflammation through their virulence and pathogenicity factors. In contrast, chronic bacterial inflammation contributes to the development of OSCC. Pathobionts also have other effects, such as the impact on the immune system, which can alter immune responses and contribute to a pro-inflammatory environment. Poor oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich foods can also increase the risk of developing oral cancer. The risk factors and mechanisms of OSCC development are not yet fully understood and remain a frequent research topic. For this reason, this narrative review concentrates on the issue of dysbiosis as the potential cause of OSCC, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved.
Alergijske reakcije ponekad sudjeluju u razvoju perioralnih i oralnih bolesti, što ukazuje na potrebu određivanja potencijalnih alergena. Ovaj pregledni članak govori o trenutnim saznanjima o ...potencijalnim alergijskim reakcijama na različite dentalne materijale u bolesnika s oralnim i perioralnim bolestima. Uz alergije na razne dentalne materijale mogu se pojaviti slične nealergijske, neimunske kontaktne reakcije (nadražujuće ili toksične). Među zubnim materijalima zubne legure najčešći su alergeni, a slijede ih gumeni materijali, polimeri i akrilati. Alergijske reakcije na zubne legure koje sadrže nikal, kobalt i amalgam osobito su česte, jer ih stomatolozi koriste za protetičke i druge restauracije. Postoji širok spektar oralnih i perioralnih bolesti koje su vjerojatno povezane s alergijama, poput lihenoidnih reakcija, heilitisa, perioralnog dermatitisa, osjećaja pečenja itd. Unatoč određenim ograničenjima epikutani test je presudan u dijagnozi i prepoznavanju uzročnih alergena, jer otkriva kontaktne alergije i još je superiorniji u razlikovanju alergijskih i iritativnih kontaktnih reakcija. Važno je uzeti detaljnu anamenzu bolesnika (npr. pojavu simptoma nakon stomatološke terapije ili konzumiranja hrane) i uz savjetovanje sa
stomatologom provesti alergološko testiranje na specifične stomatološke alergene koji se koriste ili se planiraju koristiti u sljedećem liječenju.
Allergic reactions sometimes participate in the development of perioral and oral diseases, indicating the need for appropriate allergen assessment. This review discusses current knowledge on the ...potential allergic reactions to different dental materials in patients with oral and perioral diseases. Aside from allergies to various dental materials, similar non-allergic, non-immune contact reactions (irritant or toxic) can occur. Among dental materials, the most frequent allergens are alloys, followed by rubber materials, polymers and acrylates. Allergic reactions to dental alloys that contain nickel, cobalt and amalgam are especially frequent since dentists use them for prosthetic and other restorations. There is a broad spectrum of clinical presentations of oral and perioral diseases possibly related to allergies, such as lichenoid reactions, cheilitis, perioral dermatitis, burning sensations, etc. Despite some limitations, patch test is crucial in the diagnosis and recognition of causative allergens because it reveals contact allergies, and is still superior in differentiating allergic and irritant contact reactions. It is important to examine patient medical histories (e.g., occurrence of symptoms after dental therapy or food consumption), and in consultation with their dentist, carry out allergy tests to specific dental allergens which are used or planned to be used in subsequent treatment. Key words: Allergy; Burning mouth syndrome; Cheilitis; Gingivostomatitis; Oral disease; Oral lichenoid reactions; Patch test Alergijske reakcije ponekad sudjeluju u razvoju perioralnih i oralnih bolesti, to ukazuje na potrebu odredivanja potenci-jalnih alergena. Ovaj pregledni clanak govori o trenutnim saznanjima o potencijalnim alergijskim reakcijama na razlicite dentalne materijale u bolesnika s oralnim i perioralnim bolestima. Uz alergije na razne dentalne materijale mogu se pojaviti slicne nealergijske, neimunske kontaktne reakcije (nadraujuce ili toksicne). Medu zubnim materijalima zubne legure najceci su alergeni, a slijede ih gumeni materijali, polimeri i akrilati. Alergijske reakcije na zubne legure koje sadre nikal, kobalt i amalgam osobito su ceste, jer ill stomatolozi koriste za proteticke i druge restauracije. Postoji irok spektar oralnih i perioralnih bolesti koje su vjerojatno povezane s alergijama, poput lihenoidnih reakcija, heilitisa, perioralnog dermatitisa, osjecaja pecenja itd. Unatoc odredenim ogranicenjima epikutani test je presudan u dijagnozi i prepoznavanju uzrocnih alergena, jer otkriva kontaktne alergije i jo je superiorniji u razlikovanju alergijskihi iritativnih kontaktnih reakcija. Vanoje uzeti detaljnu anamenzu bolesnika (npr. pojavu simptoma nakon stomatoloke terapije ili konzumiranja hrane) i uz savjetovanje sa stomatologom provesti alergoloko testiranje na specificne stomatoloke alergene koji se koriste ili se planiraju koristiti u sljedecem lijecenju. Kljucne rijeci: Alergija; Sindrom pecenja usta; Heilitis; Gingivostomatitis; Bolesti usne upljine; Oralne lihenoidne reakcije; Epikutani test
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency and malignant transformation rate of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia in a large group of oral medicine patients. Study included ...12 508 patients who were referred between 1998 and 2007 to the Department of Oral Medicine. The frequency of OLP was 4.30%, leukoplakia 1.11%, and combined diagnoses 0.14%. In primary biopsies dysplasia was found in 12.96% of patients with leukoplakia and not in one with OLP and combined lesions. The highest frequency of leukoplakia was found in smokers. Women were found as predominant sufferers of both diseases and their combination. During the observed period often years malignant transformation of OLP was not detected, unlike leukoplakia where it was 0.64%. The frequency of OLP and leukoplakia in our study are comparable to other similar studies. The highest frequency of malignant transformation was observed in those patients who did not respond to our invitation to regular check-up. It is therefore neccessary to perform a detailed examination of the oral cavity in these patients and to raise patients awareness of the disease and the importance of regular follow-up.
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