•The model of the cross-coupling effect in a hydroelectric is proposed.•The mechanism of cross-coupling is described.•The Recursive Decision Feedback Extension is proposed.•Fuzzy fault modelling ...strategy is implemented.•The results are presented by a real hydroelectric system.
The next article describes the application of an alternative soft fault model strategy considering the cross-coupling effect analyse at the structural architecture for hydroelectric power system generator.
The scheme is based on the Fuzzy Recursive Decision Feedback Extension (RDFE) tested and verify on a non-linear hydroelectric power system model obtained by a real system.
The Timing, Sequencing and Priority Strategy are improved inserting Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) to model a Fuzzy soft fault model for the Scheme proposed.
A case of Successful application is explained considering the development of an experiment in the laboratory of the Group of Power traction, quality and generation of power systems in the Puebla Autonomous University.
Background
Descriptions of cutaneous findings associated with COVID‐19 have not been consistently accompanied by histopathology or confirmatory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2.
Objective
To describe and ...classify the cutaneous findings with supporting histopathology of confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients.
Methods
We included consecutive inpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 for whom a dermatology consult was requested. A skin biopsy was performed in all cases. Skin findings were classified as being compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19 or as representing a distinct clinical entity.
Results
Twenty‐eight patients were studied in whom thirty‐one dermatologic diagnoses were made. Twenty‐two of the dermatoses were compatible with a cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19; nine entities were not associated with infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common COVID‐19‐associated pattern was an exanthematous presentation. In four patients, a new pattern was observed, characterized by discrete papules with varied histopathological findings including a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. No cases of pernio‐like lesions were identified. Skin findings not associated with COVID‐19 represented 29% of diagnoses and included Malassezia folliculitis, tinea, miliaria and contact dermatitis.
Limitations
There is no gold‐standard test to distinguish between viral exanthems and drug reactions.
Conclusion
A histopathological study is critical before attributing skin findings to a manifestation of COVID‐19.
Linked Commentary: F. Rongioletti. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35: 1742–1743. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17414.
Background. Frequency of enterococcal bloodstream infection (E-BSI) is increasing, and the number of episodes complicated by infective endocarditis (IE) varies. Performing transesophageal ...echocardiography (TEE) in all patients with E-BSI is costly and time-consuming. Our objectives were to identify patients with E-BSI who are at very low risk of enterococcal IE (and therefore do not require TEE) and to compare the outcome of E-BSI in patients with/without IE. Methods. Between September 2003 and October 2012, we performed a prospective cohort study (all patients with E-BSI) and a case-control study (patients with/without enterococcal IE) in our center. Results. We detected 1515 patients with E-BSI and 65 with enterococcal IE (4.29% of all episodes of E-BSI, 16.7% of patients with E-BSI who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and 35.5% of all patients with E-BSI who underwent TEE). We developed a bedside predictive score for enterococcal IE—Number of positive blood cultures, Origin of the bacteremia, previous Valve disease, Auscultation of heart murmur (NOVA) score—based on the following variables: Number of positive blood cultures (3/3 blood cultures or the majority if more than 3), 5 points; unknown Origin of bacteremia, 4 points; prior heart Valve disease, 2 points; Auscultation of a heart murmur, 1 point (receiver operating characteristic = 0.83). The best cutoff corresponded to a score ≥4 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 29%). A score <4 points suggested a very low risk for enterococcal IE and that TEE could be obviated. Conclusions. Enterococcal IE may be more frequent than generally thought. Depending on local prevalence of endocarditis, application of the NOVA score may safely obviate echocardiography in 14%–27% of patients with E-BSI.
This paper is concerned with the characterization as frames of some sequences in U-invariant spaces of a separable Hilbert space ℋ where U denotes an unitary operator defined on ℋ; besides, the dual ...frames having the same form are also found. This general setting includes, in particular, shift-invariant or modulation-invariant subspaces in L2ℝ, where these frames are intimately related to the generalized sampling problem. We also deal with some related perturbation problems. In doing so, we need the unitary operator U to belong to a continuous group of unitary operators.
Somatic growth is an integrated, individual‐based response to environmental conditions, especially in ectotherms. Growth dynamics of large, mobile animals are particularly useful as bio‐indicators of ...environmental change at regional scales. We assembled growth rate data from throughout the West Atlantic for green turtles, Chelonia mydas, which are long‐lived, highly migratory, primarily herbivorous mega‐consumers that may migrate over hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Our dataset, the largest ever compiled for sea turtles, has 9690 growth increments from 30 sites from Bermuda to Uruguay from 1973 to 2015. Using generalized additive mixed models, we evaluated covariates that could affect growth rates; body size, diet, and year have significant effects on growth. Growth increases in early years until 1999, then declines by 26% to 2015. The temporal (year) effect is of particular interest because two carnivorous species of sea turtles—hawksbills, Eretmochelys imbricata, and loggerheads, Caretta caretta—exhibited similar significant declines in growth rates starting in 1997 in the West Atlantic, based on previous studies. These synchronous declines in productivity among three sea turtle species across a trophic spectrum provide strong evidence that an ecological regime shift (ERS) in the Atlantic is driving growth dynamics. The ERS resulted from a synergy of the 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)—the strongest on record—combined with an unprecedented warming rate over the last two to three decades. Further support is provided by the strong correlations between annualized mean growth rates of green turtles and both sea surface temperatures (SST) in the West Atlantic for years of declining growth rates (r = −.94) and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for all years (r = .74). Granger‐causality analysis also supports the latter finding. We discuss multiple stressors that could reinforce and prolong the effect of the ERS. This study demonstrates the importance of region‐wide collaborations.
Somatic growth is an integrated, individual‐based response to environmental conditions, especially in ectotherms. The authors compiled extensive growth data for green sea turtles throughout the West Atlantic from 30 sites from Bermuda to Uruguay from 1973 to 2015. Growth rates declined significantly from 1999 to the present. Synchronous declines in growth rates among three sea turtle species across a trophic spectrum provide strong evidence that the ecological regime shift (ERS) that occurred in the late 1990s in the Atlantic is driving growth dynamics. The ERS combined with an unprecedented warming rate over the last two to three decades and cumulative impacts of ongoing anthropogenic degradation of foraging habitats in the region slowed growth in these mega‐consumers. The summary conclusion that productivity of sea turtles is lower at warmer temperatures is not good news in an age of warming seas.
The objective of this study was to determine the association of the
CD40LG
3′-UTR (CA)n microsatellite with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
CD40LG
mRNA levels in females from western Mexico. A ...case-control study with 219 RA patients and 175 control subjects (CS) was conducted. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
X
2
test was used to compare genotype and allele frequencies, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between RA and the microsatellite.
CD40LG
mRNA expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. For comparisons between groups, Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney
U
tests for non-parametric data and ANOVA test for parametric data were performed. Among the 13 different alleles identified, CA
25
was the most represented (45.4% RA and 46.3% CS). Stratification according to CA repeats as <CA
25
, CA
25
, and >CA
25
showed a tendency towards a higher frequency of >CA
25
alleles in RA patients (29%) compared to CS (23.4%). There was no association between any genotype and the clinical parameters of RA patients. According to the 2
-∆∆Cq
method,
CD40LG
mRNA expression in RA patients was 4.5-fold higher compared to CS; this difference was significant when assessed by the 2
-∆Cq
method (
p
= 0.028). Compared to carriers of the CA
25
/CA
25
genotype, CS carrying the <CA
25
/<CA
25
genotypes showed greater
CD40LG
mRNA expression (9.97-fold), unlike RA patients, where expression was 2.55-fold higher for >CA
25
/>CA
25
carriers. The 3′-UTR
CD40LG
(CA)n microsatellite is not a genetic marker for RA in western Mexican population; however, results suggest that it plays a role in the
CD40LG
mRNA expression.
Nanometer-sized structures, surfaces and sub-surface phenomena have played an enormous role in science and technological applications and represent a driving-force of current interdisciplinary ...science. Recent developments include the atomic-scale characterization of nanoparticles, molecular reactions at surfaces, magnetism at the atomic scale, photoelectric characterization of nanostructures as well as two-dimensional solids. Research and development of smart nanostructured materials governed by their surface properties is a rapidly growing field. The main challenge is to develop an accurate and robust electronic structure description. The density of surface-related trap states is analyzed by transient UV photoconductivity and temperature-dependent admittance spectroscopy. An advanced application of thin films on shaped substrates is the deposition of catalytic layers on hollow glass microspheres for hydrogen storage controlled exothermal hydrolytic release. Surface properties of thin films including dissolution and corrosion, fouling resistance, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity are explored to improve materials response in biological environments and medicine. Trends in surface biofunctionalization routes based on vacuum techniques, together with advances in surface analysis of biomaterials, are discussed. Pioneering advances in the application of X-ray nanodiffraction of thin film cross-sections for characterizing nanostructure and local strain including in-situ experiments during nanoindentation are described. Precise measurements and control of plasma properties are important for fundamental investigations and the development of next generation plasma-based technologies. Critical control parameters are the flux and energy distribution of incident ions at reactive surfaces; it is also crucial to control the dynamics of electrons initiating non-equilibrium chemical reactions. The most promising approach involves the exploitation of complementary advantages in direct measurements combined with specifically designed numerical simulations. Exciting new developments in vacuum science and technology have focused on forward-looking and next generation standards and sensors that take advantage of photonics based measurements. These measurements are inherently fast, frequency based, easily transferrable to sensors based on photonics and hold promise of being disruptive and transformative. Realization of Pascal, the SI unit for pressure, a cold-atom trap based ultra-high and extreme high vacuum (UHV and XHV) standard, dynamic pressure measurements and a photonic based thermometer are three key examples that are presented.
Diabetic neuropathy affects 50%-66% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress generates nerve dysfunction by causing segmental demyelinization and axonal degeneration. Antioxidants are ...considered to be the only etiologic management for diabetic polyneuropathy, and statins such as rosuvastatin increase nitric oxide bioavailability and reduce lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of rosuvastatin in diabetic polyneuropathy.
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) stage ≥1b. We allocated subjects to two parallel groups (1:1) that received rosuvastatin 20 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were neuropathic symptom score, disability score, and nerve conduction studies, and secondary outcomes were glycemic control, lipid and hepatic profile, lipid peroxidation, and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β) levels.
Both groups were of similar age and duration since diagnosis of diabetes and DPN. We observed improvement of DPN in the rosuvastatin group from stage 2a (88.2%) to stage 1b (41.2%), improvement of neuropathic symptom score from 4.5±2 to 2.4±1.8, and significant (P=0.001) reductions of peroneal nerve conduction velocity (from 40.8±2.2 to 42.1±1.6 seconds) and lipid peroxidation (from 25.4±2 to 12.2±4.0 nmol/mL), with no significant change in glycemic control or β-NGF.
The severity, symptoms, and nerve conduction parameters of DPN improved after 12 weeks of treatment with rosuvastatin. These beneficial effects appear to be attributable to reductions in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.
The Kramer Sampling Theorem Revisited García, A. G.; Hernández-Medina, M. A.; Muñoz-Bouzo, M. J.
Acta applicandae mathematicae,
10/2014, Letnik:
133, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The classical Kramer sampling theorem provides a method for obtaining orthogonal sampling formulas. Besides, it has been the cornerstone for a significant mathematical literature on the topic of ...sampling theorems associated with differential and difference problems. In this work we provide, in an unified way, new and old generalizations of this result corresponding to various different settings; all these generalizations are illustrated with examples. All the different situations along the paper share a basic approach: the functions to be sampled are obtaining by duality in a separable Hilbert space
through an
-valued kernel
K
defined on an appropriate domain.
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