Ethnic minority identities and their associated politics of disadvantage have been a central feature of post-colonial Nigerian politics. Tensions which became manifest in the 1950s have combined with ...new developments such as the militarization and personalization of state institutions and politics, demographic changes and the economics of structural adjustment to create a volatile situation which has affected the transformation of ethnic minority identities and the trajectory of minority politics. Three case studies are considered which show transformations in minority identities and how these transformations are themselves part of a wider realignment of politics in ways which have profound consequences for the national and international politics of the Nigerian state. In this way, the salience of identity issues in the current African crises is highlighted.
The tourism industry has become an important foreign exchange earner in Malaysia in recent years. One of the most visited tourist areas is the Tioman Island. Factor analysis was carried out to ...determine the perception among tourists regarding the overall attractiveness of this site. Eight factors were perceived to be important and they are environmental protection, public amunities, tourists numbers, recreational facilities, transportation facilities, costs, aesthetic value and the host of the island
Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a serious health threat, especially in hospitals. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) facilitates the spread of antibiotic resistance, ...virulence, and environmental persistence genes between nosocomial pathogens. We screened the genomes of 2173 bacterial isolates from healthcare-associated infections from a single hospital over 18 months, and identified identical nucleotide regions in bacteria belonging to distinct genera. To further resolve these shared sequences, we performed long-read sequencing on a subset of isolates and generated highly contiguous genomes. We then tracked the appearance of ten different plasmids in all 2173 genomes, and found evidence of plasmid transfer independent from bacterial transmission. Finally, we identified two instances of likely plasmid transfer within individual patients, including one plasmid that likely transferred to a second patient. This work expands our understanding of HGT in healthcare settings, and can inform efforts to limit the spread of drug-resistant pathogens in hospitals.
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