The first task of the city planner is to effectively locate integrated land use types for various objectives. The Multi Objective Land Use Planning Model developed to achieve this goal, aims to ...maximize land value and minimize the transportation. The genetic algorithm method developed to find the optimum layout according to the Multi-Objective Land Use Planning Model has been explained, the success and performance of the process has been tested with artificial data, and its usability in real problems has been examined. According to the results of the study, using this method, it is revealed that layout plans that are very close to the maximum efficiency value can be found within 1 day in cities with a population of up to 1,000,000, within 1 week in cities up to 5,000,000, and within 1.5 months in cities close to 16,000,000. By examining the results, the deficiencies of this method are determined and the suggestions for improvement of this method are stated. The problem chosen in this study is a problem that most city planners have to solve and the developed application has been opened to the use of other experts. This makes this work unique as it allows planning experts who are incapable of developing such methods to experiment.
Abstract Purpose One of the key functions of brown adipose tissue is its positive impact on metabolism. This study aimed to examine the potential involvement of brown fat-related hormones in the ...development of metabolically healthy obesity. Specifically, we sought to compare the levels of NRG4, FGF21, and irisin between metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity. Methods Patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 and aged between 20 and 50 years were included in the study. Among these patients, those who did not have any metabolic syndrome criteria except for increased waist circumference were defined as metabolically healthy obese. Age, gender, BMI, body fat, and muscle mass, matched metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese groups were compared in terms of FGF21, irisin, and NRG4 levels. Results Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese groups were similar in terms of age and gender. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of BMI, weight, total body fat, muscle, fat-free mass, distribution of body fat and muscle mass. No statistically significant difference was found between irisin, NRG4, and FGF21 levels between metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity. It was found that irisin had a significant inverse correlation with BMI and body fat percentage. Conclusion The present study showed no difference between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals in terms of irisin, FGF21, and NRG4 levels. The weak association between irisin and BMI and body fat percentage may suggest a potential link between irisin with metabolic health.
In this study, the spatial distribution of pharmacies is investigated in Istanbul by taking into consideration their important role for the health care delivery system. First, the growth of the ...number of pharmacies is compared with the growth rate of population at the city level during the last two decades within perspective of changes in health care delivery policies. Then, the growth of the number of pharmacies is compared with respect to the population growth rate of the core, intermediate and peripheral zones. The second, the changes in the pharmacy market areas are compared at the city level and in the core, intermediate and peripheral zones within the same period. Third, the regression analysis is used to show the relationships between the number of pharmacies in the districts and the population, number of hospital beds and number of physicians during the same period of time. Suggestions are made for more balanced distribution of pharmacies in order to prevent bankruptcies while sufficient accessibility provided for the customers, and for future research.
Objective: We aimed to reveal the opinions of students and faculty members about the educational process in the distance education provided in a medical school during the pandemic period, the ...problems they encounter and their relationship with digital literacy levels. Methods: The design of the study is cross-sectional. An online survey including demographic information, positive and negative aspects of distance education, opinions about the process, and digital literacy scale was administered to 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th year medical students and faculty members. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant in the data analysis. Results: A total of 513 individuals (52.9%) responded to the questionnaires. The mean digital literacy score was 3.42±0.84 for students and 3.57±0.82 for faculty members. For faculty members, age (B=-0.041, t=-2.72 p=0.009) and having no previous distance education experience (B=-0.813, t=-2.32 p=0.025), and for students, female gender (B=-0.287, t=-3.65 p<0.001) and having no previous distance education experience (B=-0.343, t=-2.53 p=0.011). Conclusion: Distance education, which gained speed with the pandemic, will continue to exist in education in the coming years. Although the digital literacy scores of students and faculty members in the medical faculty are above average, advanced digital literacy will enable better and accurate use of digital technologies and a more effective and efficient education.
To determine prognostic value of blood parameters on overall and progression-free survival in cases received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with diagnosis of stage I-III breast cancer.
We ...retrospectively reviewed files of 350 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer who were treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri Teaching Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Pretreatment white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil counts, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were recorded. The relationship between clinicopathological findings and blood parameters was assessed.
Overall, 344 women and 6 men were recruited. Median age was 55.3 ± 0.3 years (range: 22-86). Of the cases, 243 (61.4%) received radiotherapy while 329 (94.3%), received chemotherapy and 215 (61.4%) received hormone therapy. Mean overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 84.4 and 78.8 months, respectively. During follow-up, 48 patients died due to either disease- related or non-related causes. Local recurrence was detected in 14 cases, while distant metastasis was noted in 45 cases. In univariate analysis, age, pathology, perinodal invasion were significantly associated with overall survival, whereas gender, stage and hormone therapy were significantly associated with progression-free survival. In multivariate analysis, histopathological diagnosis (OR: 0.3; 95%: 0.1-0.7; p=0.006) and perinodal invasion (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1-1.3; p=0.026) were significantly associated with overall survival, whereas tumor stage (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 0.0-0.7; p=0.014) and hormone therapy (OR: 2.1; 95%: 1.2-3.8; p=0.010) were significantly associated with progression-free survival.
It was found that serum inflammatory markers including WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, and NLR and PLR had no effect on prognosis in patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery and received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Purpose
Febrile neutropenia resulting from chemotherapy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. We had previously published the associates of the risk of febrile ...neutropenia, and this study now extends and modifies the previous model as well as tests its external validity.
Methods
We have recruited documented febrile neutropenia cases with solid tumors, in addition to a selected control group of cancer patients from one institution treated between 2015 and 2019. We then united our sample with our previously published original derivation group, to modify and update our previous model by logistic regression analysis. Additionally, consecutive cancer patients from 5 institutions were recruited in 2020 to test external validity of the resultant algorithm.
Results
A total of 4075 cycles of chemotherapy in 1282 cases were recruited in the updated, new model derivation group, and a total of 8 variables were selected for the updated algorithm. In the new external validation group, 653 cycles of chemotherapy in 624 patients were analyzed, to indicate that after cycles without prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) usage, the algorithm yielded a sensitivity value of 91%, specificity of 40%, and an area under curve (AUC) figure of 0.78, when a risk cutoff threshold value of ≥ 0.20 is chosen. This algorithm is now embedded in a web application for free clinical use.
Conclusion
Our algorithm identifies and quantifies the risk of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. Further studies are required to improve this model with additional predictors.
Objective
Research examining the relationship between metacognitions and cancer has only recently begun to emerge. This study attempted to compare the metacognitions of the patients with and without ...cancer. The effects of stage of cancer, type of cancer, and treatment modality (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, operation) on metacognitions were investigated. Patients with cancer were hypothesized to have higher levels of negative metacognitions.
Methods
Participants were patients with cancer (N = 279) and patients without cancer (control group, N = 212). The Metacognition Questionnaire‐30 was administered to all participants. Results were analyzed according to demographic and histopathological characteristics of the patients.
Results
The results showed that patients with different cancer diagnoses scored higher than the controls on all subscales of the MCQ‐30. Those who received chemotherapy scored the highest on the MCQ‐30. The patients who were in early stages of cancer had higher levels of negative metacognitions. Patients who did not have operation but had chemotherapy had the highest levels of negative metacognitions. Patients who were in locally advanced stage, did not have operation but had received or was receiving chemotherapy had the highest levels of negative metacognitions.
Conclusions
Patients who were in early stages of cancer appeared to be in greater need for psychological help and access to services. Findings indicated a need for psychological support for patients who undergo chemotherapy.
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an indicator of thrombocyte volume and tendency to thrombosis can be mentioned in case of MPV elevation. Cancers are one of the important groups of thrombotic diseases. ...In the present study, MPV value was scrutinized in patients with cancer that developed thrombosis. Totally 43 patients followed in Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, in who thromboembolus has been developed, were prospectively recruited in the study. Thrombocyte, MPV, and platicrit (PCT) values were recorded at the time of cancer diagnosis and thrombosis development. Frequency analysis, crosstabs, and paired samples t test were used. Analyses showed that MPV values at the time of thrombosis development were significantly low as compared to those at the time of cancer diagnosis (P = .041). Thrombocyte count and PCT values were also low but not significant. The result of the present study is likely to show that thrombocytes have ignorable effect on thrombosis development in patients with cancer.
Bu çalışmada alandaki eğilimleri belirlemek amacıyla
Ana Dili Eğitimi dergisinde 2013 – 2018 yılları arasında toplam 22 sayıda
yayınlanmış 207 makale içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. ...Makaleler
yayın sınıflama formu kullanılarak Türkçe eğitimi ve eğitim bilimleri konu
alanı, yöntemi, veri toplama araçları, veri analiz yöntemleri, örneklem
yöntemi, büyüklüğü ve düzeylerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde
edilen sonuçlara göre en çok tercih edilen Türkçe eğitimi konu alanı dil ve dil
araştırmaları, eğitim bilimlerinde ise tutum, ilgi ve durum belirlemeye yönelik
araştırmalar olmuştur. Makalelerde genellikle betimsel-tarama modelleri tercih
edilmiş ve nitel araştırmalar çoğunluğu oluşturmuştur. En çok kullanılan veri
toplama aracı doküman, veri analiz tekniği ise içerik analizi olarak
belirlenmiştir. Örneklem belirleme yöntemi olarak amaçlı örneklem yöntemi
tercih edilmiştir. Örneklem büyüklüğü 1-10 arası olarak görülürken örneklem
düzeyinin ise genellikle eğitim fakültesi öğrencileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
In this research, in order to determine the trends in
the area, 207 articles published in journal of mother tongue education in 22
issues between 2013 - 2018 were analyzed by content analysis method.
Publication classification form was used for the articles. the articles were
analyzed for the subjects of Turkish
education and educational sciences, methodology, data collection tools, data
analysis methods, sampling method, size and levels. According to the results
obtained from the research, the most preferred subjects of Turkish education
are language and language researches and of educational sciences are attitudes,
interest and situation researches. Generally, descriptive-scan models were
preferred in the models and qualitative researches were mostly used. The most
commonly used data collection tool was the document, and the data analysis
technique was content analysis. The purposeful sampling method was chosen as a
sampling method. The sample size was found to range from 1 to 10, and the
sample level was generally education faculty students.
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