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The results of the palynological study of the Kurshskaya Formation stratotype (Primorsky quarry, Kaliningrad Oblast) are presented. The lower part of the Kurshskaya Formation (Member of “chocolate” ...clays) contains an assemblage of latest Eocene dinoflagellate cysts
Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum
,
Glaphyrocysta semitecta
, and
Cordosphaeridium funiculatum
. The formation is characterized by four spore-pollen assemblages: (1) latest Eocene
Pinuspollenites–Inaperturopollenites–Sciadopityspollenites
assemblage in the “chocolate” clays and in the lower part of brown sands; (2) early Oligocene
Sequoiapollenites–Betulaepollenites betuloides
assemblage in the lower part of the brown sands member; (3) early Oligocene
Boehlensipollis hohli–Carpinipites carpinoides
in the middle part of brown sands member; (4) late Oligocene–early Miocene
Alnipollenites
–
Corylopollis
assemblage in the upper part of the brown sands of the Kurshskaya Formation. In total, the Kurshskaya Formation is terminal Eocene–early Miocene in age. The lower part of the Zamland Formation, which overlies the Kurshskaya Formation, contains the presumably middle Miocene
Pinuspollenites
–
Tricolporopollenites pseudocingulum
–
T. euphorii
assemblage. Based on the obtained palynological data, the depositional settings at the end of the Eocene–Oligocene–early Miocene in the South Baltic region are reconstructed. The regression of the marine basin began as early as the end of the Priabonian, the climate was still quite warm and humid, close to subtropical. Mesophytic mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests grew along the shores of the strait, lowlands were occupied by marsh vegetation. Cooling at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary resulted in the appearance of hemlock in plant communities and increase in the proportion of catkins (alder, birch, hornbeam). Presumably, in the late Oligocene–early Miocene, the proportion of small-leaved trees, especially alder and hazel, sharply increased in mesophytic forests, while the number of pine trees decreased. Wetter and warmer climatic conditions are assumed for the early Miocene: this time is characterized by an increase in the number of walnut, cypress, and Cyrillaceae. In the middle Miocene, the climate was still quite warm, but drier, and such moisture-loving species as
Podocarpus
, spruce,
Glyptostrobus
, and swamp cypress disappeared from plant communities.
Remains of a fossil cetacean, belonging to the family Basilosauridae, are for the first time found in the territory of the Baltic States. This finding is represented by a large vertebra and comes ...from the Late Eocene amber-bearing “Blue Ground” bed of the Sambia Peninsula in the Kaliningrad Region. The described fossil expands our knowledge on paleogeography and stratigraphic occurrence of Basilosauridae.
A new trilobite species,
Ditomopyge
(
Carniphillipsia
)
mosquensis
sp. nov., from the Gzhelian of the Moscow Region (Rusavkino, Gzhel, and Shchelkovo localities) is described. Its members have ...previously been assigned to
Ditomopyge
(
Carniphillipsia
)
planiloba
(Weber, 1933). The establishment of
Griffithides gruenewaldti
var.
ivanovi
Ivanov et Weber in Weber, 1937, which has previously been regarded as a synonym of
Kaskia gruenewaldti
(von Möller, 1868) (Hanh and Hahn, 1970), as a valid species,
Kaskia ivanovi
(Ivanov et Weber in Weber, 1937), is confirmed.
Remains of a fossil cetacean, belonging to the family Basilosauridae, are for the first time found in the territory of the Baltic States. This finding is represented by a large vertebra and comes ...from the Late Eocene amber-bearing "Blue Ground" bed of the Sambia Peninsula in the Kaliningrad Region. The described fossil expands our knowledge on paleogeography and stratigraphic occurrence of Basilosauridae.
The new trilobite species
Cummingella
(
Cummingella
)
boikoi
sp. nov. is described from the Lower Permian reef facies (Sakmarian Stage) of Bashkiria (Bashkortostan). The new findings extend the known ...range of the Permian genus
Cummingella
Reed, 1942 and provide the first record of trilobites in Sakmarian deposits of Bashkiria.
The genus
Paraphillipsia
Tumanskaya, 1935 is revised and the species
P. taurica
Tumanskaya, 1935 from the Middle Permian of Crimea is redescribed. The age distribution of species of the genus
...Paraphillipsia
from Crimea is emended based on new stratigraphic data on the locality (species previously considered Artinskian became Roadian). As a result of analysis of a rather large number of new records of trilobites, the species
P. kussicum, P. tauricum
var.
anfensis
, and
P. netschaewi
are synonymized under
P. taurica
.
Abstract
Our understanding of the contribution of genetic risk factors to neuropsychiatric diseases is limited to abnormal neurodevelopment and neuronal dysfunction. Much less is known about the ...mechanisms whereby risk variants could affect the physiology of glial cells. Our prior studies have shown that a mutant (dominant-negative) form of a rare but highly penetrant psychiatric risk factor, Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), impairs metabolic functions of astrocytes and leads to cognitive dysfunction. In order to overcome the limitations of the mutant DISC1 model and understand the putative regional properties of astrocyte DISC1, we assessed whether knockdown of Disc1 (Disc1-KD) in mature mouse astrocytes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus would produce behavioral abnormalities that could be attributed to astrocyte bioenergetics. We found that Disc1-KD in the hippocampus but not PFC impaired trace fear conditioning in adult mice. Using the innovative deep learning approach and convolutional deep neural networks (cDNNs), ResNet50 or ResNet18, and single cell-based analysis, we found that Disc1-KD decreased the spatial density of astrocytes associated with abnormal levels and distribution of the mitochondrial markers and the glutamate transporter, GLAST. Disc1-KD in astrocytes also led to decreased expression of the glutamatergic and increased expression of the GABA-ergic synaptic markers, possibly via non-apoptotic activation of caspase 3 in neurons located within the individual territories of Disc1-KD astrocytes. Our results indicate that altered expression of DISC1 in astrocytes could impair astrocyte bioenergetics, leading to abnormalities in synaptic neurotransmission and cognitive function in a region-dependent fashion.
Malayacyclus terengganuensis, a new genus and species of the Cyclida (Crustacea), is reported from the Early Carboniferous (Visean) of Terengganu, eastern Peninsular Malaysia (East Malaya Block). The ...new genus possesses diagnostic features of both families Cyclidae and Americlidae. Plus, it develops the trifurcate posterior spines: a unique morphology that was not previously known for any cyclidan genera. Based on the possession of an anterior rostrum and optic notches, it is tentatively included in the Americlidae. This represents the first find of the Cyclida from Southeast Asia and the second from the Carboniferous of Asia (eastern Tethys).
Malayacyclus terengganuensis, a new genus and species of the Cyclida (Crustacea), is reported from the Early Carboniferous (Visean) of Terengganu, eastern Peninsular Malaysia (East Malaya Block).
The new species displays the unique, trifurcate posterior spines, and possesses diagnostic features of both family Cyclidae and Americlidae.
This is the first find of the Cyclida from Southeast Asia and the second from the Carboniferous of Asia (eastern Tethys).
•We found two laser induced threshold intensity for CdZnTe crystal.•The laser beam self-focusing lead to increase of intensity of laser radiation at exit surface.•Laser ablation is a result of Te ...inclusion hydrodynamic expansion.
The present paper deals with the laser ablation in CdZnTe crystal irradiated by pulsed infrared laser. Two values of threshold intensities of the laser ablation were determined, namely of about 8.5 and 6.2MW/cm2 for the incident and the rear surfaces, correspondingly. Lower intensity of the laser ablation for the rear surface is explained by thermal self-focusing of the laser beam in the CdZnTe crystal due to heating of Te inclusions with a following hydrodynamic expansion.
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