In this paper, we present necessary premises for the deployment of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) integrating Big Data analytics of road network traffic measurements of the city of Mohammedia, ...Morocco. Thus, we introduce an architecture based on three main layers such as IoV, Fog Computing and Cloud Computing Layer. We specifically put more focus on Fog Computing layer in which we develop a framework for a real-time collecting and processing events generated by intelligent vehicles as well as visualizing traffic state on each road section. Furthermore, we consider deployment and test of the proposed framework using events retrieved from a Vanets-type micro simulation. Finally, we present and discuss the first obtained results as well as the advantages and limitations of the proposed architecture.
Pedestrians are vulnerable users of the road system. The ability to meet pedestrian safety is an important component of efforts to prevent accidents in road traffic. The approach proposed in this ...paper aligns the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers on pedestrian risk modeling goals. New indicators are proposed to model pedestrian exposure to hazards. The approach seems promising since it allows addressing behavioral psychology of pedestrians with intuitive methods based on fuzzy set theory. We develop a software system for this opportunity and we reuse simulation models of pedestrian developed in our previous work. Pedestrians’ trajectories are also stored in a Spark-Hadoop eco-system for analytical purposes and discovering patterns. Intuitionistic fuzzy set theory is very useful in providing a flexible model to elaborate uncertainty and vagueness involved in decision-making. The integration of behavioral factors related to the perception of space and the decision of the two antagonists are often missing or poorly considered. As such, the intuitionist approach allows connecting the two realities perceived by antagonists’ actors.
Handling the microscopic level of Vehicle-Pedestrian interactions is highly useful for analyzing patterns-based pedestrian accident exposure. Recently proposed systems are based on ...vehicle-to-pedestrian communication to analyze real-time situations and thus warning both sides of potential crashes. Two parts are composing those systems. The first concerns network technologies ensuring direct communication between vehicles and pedestrians and the second is related to information processing analyzing and predicting trajectories and dangers. One of the most challenges facing the last systems category is to provide them with precise and sufficient data to test and improve them. Precisely, to analyze vehicle-pedestrian interactions, we suggest detecting pedestrian behavior with respect to its surrounding vehicles as well as detecting vehicle behavior with respect to its surrounding pedestrians. In this work, we consider generating pedestrians and vehicles’ data using SUMO. Moreover, we design a handler for preparing Vehicle-Pedestrian interactions data for upper layers for deep analytic and patterns finding purposes. Mixed realistic traffic simulation is performed in Mohammedia city and the first results are shown.
The argan tree is an endemic specie which is located in the south-western part of Morocco, in arid to semi-arid areas. Recently, it gained fame as a patrimonial wealth as it celebrates its ...international day in May 10th. The argan oil has a large-scaled interest as an economic opportunity, as it is used by many companies in several cosmetic products. The Moroccan export of Argan oil also increased exponentially—483 times between 2000 and 2016, driven by its expansion to the international markets.In order to better valorize and commercialize this rare natural resource, we should acquire better knowledge on the foreign consumers’ behavior, their knowledge on argan oil, their product experience with argan oil, how much they would pay for argan products and how to increase their willingness to pay (WTP).In this study, as the Japanese cosmetic market is wide, prolific and remunerative, we aim to search for main variables that increase the overall consumers’ willingness to pay, and hence, evaluating the consumer preference for cosmetic argan oil in Japanese market using the payment card method. For that reason, an online survey comprising of 20 questions was conducted which collected data on 836 respondents. Based on these data, consumer’s preference for cosmetic argan oil was evaluated using interval regression.Displayed results showed high variables significance and comparative model efficiency. Regression coefficients are higher for variables that indicate information (knowing argan oil), category experience (experiencing vegetable oil based products), product experience (experiencing argan oil based products), and interest for vegetable oil based cosmetic products (gathering information, purchasing from pharmacy). Therefore, argan oil should first be introduced to consumers so that they may purchase it and be willing to pay more.
The argan tree (Argania Spinosa L. Skeels) is endemic to the southwestern part of Morocco, located in arid to semi-arid areas. Recently, it gained fame as a world patrimonial wealth, celebrating its ...international day on May 10. Argan oil is of great interest, as it is used in several cosmetic products. To better valorize this natural output, it is important to understand how well foreign consumers know argan oil and what they would pay for Argan products. As the Japanese cosmetic market is wide and remunerative, we search for the main variables that explain and increase consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for four argan-based cosmetic products in Japan. We conduct an online survey comprising 20 questions to collect data on 836 women. We perform a principal component analysis to aggregate the four singular WTPs into an overall WTP, and then run a multiple correspondence analysis to bring together the modalities that correspond to each class of WTP. Finally, we perform a log-level interval regression to model each feature and its respective impact on the WTP. The results show that knowledge of argan oil and experience of argan and vegetable oil products increase WTP significantly. This indicates the importance of “simply” communicating about argan oil and proceeding to product testing. In addition, we assess the impact of intrinsic features such as wages and interest. This may be helpful in establishing a marketing strategy.
Background. Antiretroviral (ARV) regimens during pregnancy are highly effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Congenital heart defects (CHDs) and ...anomalies in cardiac function have been reported in zidovudine (ZDV)–exposed uninfected children. We explored these associations in a large observational cohort and a randomized clinical trial. Methods. Since 1986, the French Perinatal Cohort prospectively enrolled all HIV-infected women in 90 centers and collected follow-up on their children through 2 years of age. All CHDs were reviewed by a specialist blinded to exposures. Additionally, in a randomized trial (PRIMEVA ANRS 135) of 2 ARV regimens during pregnancy, 1 of which was without nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, infants had a specific follow-up including echocardiography at 1 month and 12 months. Results. Among 12 888 children included, ZDV exposure in the first trimester was significantly associated with CHD (1.5% vs 0.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.2 95% confidence interval, 1.3–3.7; P < .001). This association was significant for ventricular septal defects (1.1% vs 0.6%; P = .001) and other CHDs (0.31% vs 0.11%; P = .02). In the randomized trial, among 50 infants, girls (but not boys) exposed in utero to ZDV/lamivudine/ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) had a higher left ventricular shortening fraction at 1 month (40% vs 36%; P = .008), and an increased posterior wall thickness at 1 year (5.4 mm vs 4.4 mm; P = .01) than the LPV/r group. Conclusions. This study confirms a specific association between in utero exposure to ZDV and CHDs, and a longlasting postnatal myocardial remodeling in girls. A potential common mechanism, including the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, must be explored, and long-term consequences on cardiac function warrant specific attention. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00424814.
Background. Morbidity and mortality are higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants than unexposed infants, particularly if the mother had a low CD4 count. We ...investigated the possible association between maternal immune depression during pregnancy and the risk of infection in HEU infants in the national French Perinatal Cohort (EPF). Methods. All neonates, born alive, to HIV-1–infected women enrolled in the EPF between 2002 and 2010 were included. The primary outcome was the first serious (hospitalization or death) infection during the first year of life. The main exposure variable was maternal CD4 cell count near delivery. The Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox models were applied, with the different types of infections managed as competing events. Results. Among 7638 HEU neonates, 699 had at least 1 serious infection (of which 159 were bacterial) with a Kaplan–Meier probability of 9.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.7–10.0) at 1 year. The risk of serious bacterial infection during the first year of life significantly increased with lower maternal CD4 cell count, before and after adjustment for maternal CD4 cell count <350 and 350–499 CD4/mm 3 (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.7 1.2–2.6 and 1.2 0.8–1.9, respectively; P = .03). This association mainly concerned infections involving encapsulated bacteria (P = .03). The risk of serious viral infection was, by contrast, independent of the mother's CD4 cell count. Conclusions. Maternal CD4 count is significantly and specifically associated with the risk of serious infections with encapsulated bacteria in HEU infants.
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