We measure the cross-correlation signature between the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing map and the weak lensing observations from both the Red-sequence Cluster Lensing Survey and the ...Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey. In addition to a Fourier analysis, we include the first configuration-space detection, based on the estimators 〈κCMBκgal〉 and 〈κCMBγt〉. Combining 747.2 deg2 from both surveys, we find a detection significance that exceeds 4.2σ in both Fourier- and configuration-space analyses. Scaling the predictions by a free parameter A, we obtain
$A^{\rm Planck}_{\rm CFHT}= 0.68\pm 0.31$
and
$A^{\rm Planck}_{\rm RCS}= 1.31\pm 0.33$
. In preparation for the next generation of measurements similar to these, we quantify the impact of different analysis choices on these results. First, since none of these estimators probes the exact same dynamical range, we improve our detection by combining them. Secondly, we carry out a detailed investigation on the effect of apodization, zero-padding and mask multiplication, validated on a suite of high-resolution simulations, and find that the latter produces the largest systematic bias in the cosmological interpretation. Finally, we show that residual contamination from intrinsic alignment and the effect of photometric redshift error are both largely degenerate with the characteristic signal from massive neutrinos, however the signature of baryon feedback might be easier to distinguish. The three lensing data sets are publicly available.
Introduction
The origin of the vertebral artery (VA) varies, though most VAs enter the transverse foramen (TF) of the sixth cervical vertebra. On computed tomography (CT) angiographic images, we ...evaluated the prevalence of variations of both VA origin and its level of entry into the TF.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed CT angiographic images of 2,287 patients obtained using either of two 64-slice multidetector CT scanners. All patients were Japanese and underwent scanning from the aortic arch to the intracranial region; most had or were suspected of having cerebrovascular diseases.
Results
The left VA (LVA) arose from the aorta between the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery in 94 patients (4.1 %) and in other variations in 44 patients (1.9 %). The right VA (RVA) arose from the extreme proximal segment of the right subclavian artery in 72 patients (3.1 %) and in other variations in 14 patients (0.6 %). The LVA entered the sixth TF in 2,127 patients (93.0 %), and the RVA entered the sixth TF in 2,146 patients (93.8 %). Anomalous origin and anomalous entry level into the TF correlated strongly.
Conclusions
The total prevalence of variation in the origin of the LVA was 6.0 % and of the RVA, 3.8 %. The total prevalence of variation in entry level into the TF was 7.0 % for the LVA and 6.2 % for the RVA. Recognition and reporting of these variations is important in interpreting CT angiography to prevent complications during surgery of the aortic arch or lower neck.
Osseous involvement by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL-bone) is a heterogeneous disease. There is limited data regarding response assessment by positron emission tomography with FDG, which may ...demonstrate residual avidity despite a complete response.
We analyzed clinical data of patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL and identified all cases with DLBCL-bone. End of treatment scans were reviewed by two independent experts classifying osseous lesions into Deauville ≤3; Deauville ≥ 4, or reactive uptake in the bone marrow (M), site of fracture (F) or surgery (S). We compared outcomes of DLBCL-bone to other extranodal sites (EN) matched on IPI features and regiment.
Of 1860 patients with DLBCL (bone 16%; EN 45%; nodal 39%), 41% had localized disease and 59% advanced. Only 9% (27) of patients with initial bone involvement had residual FDG avidity at the osseous site. In half of these cases, the uptake was attributed to F/S/M, and of the remaining 13, only 2 were truly refractory (both with persistent disease at other sites). Overall survival and progression-free survival were found to be similar for early-stage nodal DLBCL and DLBCL-bone, but inferior in EN-DLBCL. Advanced stage disease involving the bone had a similar 5-year progression-free survival to nodal disease and EN-DLBCL. After matching for IPI and treatment regiments, PFS between bone and other EN sites was similar.
Osseous involvement in DLBCL does not portend a worse prognosis. EOT Deauville ≥4 can be expected in 5-10% of cases, but in the absence of other signs of refractory disease, may be followed expectantly.
We use the first 100 deg2 of overlap between the Kilo-Degree Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey to determine the average galaxy halo mass of ∼10 000 spectroscopically confirmed satellite ...galaxies in massive (M > 1013 h
−1 M⊙) galaxy groups. Separating the sample as a function of projected distance to the group centre, we jointly model the satellites and their host groups with Navarro–Frenk–White density profiles, fully accounting for the data covariance. The probed satellite galaxies in these groups have total masses log 〈M
sub/(h
−1 M⊙)〉 ≈ 11.7–12.2 consistent across group-centric distance within the errorbars. Given their typical stellar masses, log 〈M
⋆, sat/(h
−2 M⊙)〉 ∼ 10.5, such total masses imply stellar mass fractions of 〈M
⋆, sat〉/〈M
sub〉 ≈ 0.04 h
−1. The average subhalo hosting these satellite galaxies has a mass M
sub ∼ 0.015M
host independent of host halo mass, in broad agreement with the expectations of structure formation in a Λ cold dark matter universe.
The Shear Testing Programme (STEP) is a collaborative project to improve the accuracy and reliability of weak-lensing measurement, in preparation for the next generation of wide-field surveys. We ...review 16 current and emerging shear-measurement methods in a common language, and assess their performance by running them (blindly) on simulated images that contain a known shear signal. We determine the common features of algorithms that most successfully recover the input parameters. A desirable goal would be the combination of their best elements into one ultimate shear-measurement method. In this analysis, we achieve previously unattained discriminatory precision via a combination of more extensive simulations and pairs of galaxy images that have been rotated with respect to each other. That removes the otherwise overwhelming noise from their intrinsic ellipticities. Finally, the robustness of our simulation approach is confirmed by testing the relative calibration of methods on real data.
Weak-lensing measurements have improved since the first STEP paper. Several methods now consistently achieve better than 2 per cent precision, and are still being developed. However, we can now distinguish all methods from perfect performance. Our main concern continues to be the potential for a multiplicative shear calibration bias: not least because this cannot be internally calibrated with real data. We determine which galaxy populations are responsible for bias and, by adjusting the simulated observing conditions, we also investigate the effects of instrumental and atmospheric parameters. The simulated point spread functions are not allowed to vary spatially, to avoid additional confusion from interpolation errors. We have isolated several previously unrecognized aspects of galaxy shape measurement, in which focused development could provide further progress towards the sub-per cent level of precision desired for future surveys. These areas include the suitable treatment of image pixellization and galaxy morphology evolution. Ignoring the former effect affects the measurement of shear in different directions, leading to an overall underestimation of shear and hence the amplitude of the matter power spectrum. Ignoring the second effect could affect the calibration of shear estimators as a function of galaxy redshift, and the evolution of the lensing signal, which will be vital to measure parameters including the dark energy equation of state.
Activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) represent parallel, synergistic pathways in lymphoma pathogenesis. As predominant PI3Kδ inhibition is a possible ...mechanism of tumor escape, we proposed a clinical trial of dual BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition.
We conducted a single-center phase I/Ib trial combining a BTK inhibitor (ibrutinib) and a pan-PI3K inhibitor (buparlisib) in 37 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma. Buparlisib and ibrutinib were administered orally, once daily in 28-day cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02756247.
Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) receiving the combination had a 94% overall response rate (ORR) and 33-month median progression-free survival; ORR of 31% and 20% were observed in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 100 mg and the recommended phase II dose was ibrutinib 560 mg plus buparlisib 80 mg. The most common grade 3 adverse events were rash/pruritis/dermatitis (19%), diarrhea (11%), hyperglycemia (11%), and hypertension (11%). All grade mood disturbances ranging from anxiety, depression, to agitation were observed in 22% of patients. Results from serial monitoring of cell-free DNA samples corresponded to radiographic resolution of disease and tracked the emergence of mutations known to promote BTK inhibitor resistance.
BTK and pan-PI3K inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma demonstrates a promising efficacy signal. Addition of BCL2 inhibitors to a BTK and pan-PI3K combination remain suitable for further development in mantle cell lymphoma.
We evaluated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) to determine whether different histological subtypes and Fuhrman grades can be distinguished. We retrospectively ...reviewed the records and maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of 147 patients with 154 RCCs who underwent FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) prior to tumour resection. The SUVmax was significantly lower in chromophobe RCC (chRCC) tumours than in clear cell RCC (ccRCC; p = 0.003) and papillary RCC (pRCC; p = 0.034) tumours. The mean tumour SUVmax was 4.58 ± 4.1 (range, 1.29–30.4) for ccRCC, 3.98 ± 1.9 (range, 0.49–6.72) for pRCC, and 1.93 ± 0.9 (range, 0.89–3.41) for chRCC. The SUVmax was not significantly different between the ccRCC and pRCC groups. In ccRCC and pRCC tumours, high-grade tumours had a significantly greater SUVmax (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05) than low-grade tumours by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney U test. In ccRCC, multivariate regression analysis indicated that the SUVmax was a significant indicator of Fuhrman grade. No significant differences in uptake were observed between high- and low-grade chRCC tumours. The SUVmax obtained using FDG-PET/CT may be an important indicator for predicting tumour grade in ccRCC and pRCC. • FDG accumulation reflects tumour aggressiveness and correlates with Fuhrman grade. • FDG-PET/CT enables the differentiation of high- and low-grade ccRCC and pRCCs. • FDG-PET/CT may valuable in the identification of some high-grade RCCs.
Objectives
We evaluated
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) to determine whether different histological subtypes and Fuhrman grades can be distinguished.
Methods
We ...retrospectively reviewed the records and maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) of 147 patients with 154 RCCs who underwent FDG-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) prior to tumour resection.
Results
The SUVmax was significantly lower in chromophobe RCC (chRCC) tumours than in clear cell RCC (ccRCC;
p
= 0.003) and papillary RCC (pRCC;
p
= 0.034) tumours. The mean tumour SUVmax was 4.58 ± 4.1 (range, 1.29–30.4) for ccRCC, 3.98 ± 1.9 (range, 0.49–6.72) for pRCC, and 1.93 ± 0.9 (range, 0.89–3.41) for chRCC. The SUVmax was not significantly different between the ccRCC and pRCC groups. In ccRCC and pRCC tumours, high-grade tumours had a significantly greater SUVmax (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.05) than low-grade tumours by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney
U
test. In ccRCC, multivariate regression analysis indicated that the SUVmax was a significant indicator of Fuhrman grade. No significant differences in uptake were observed between high- and low-grade chRCC tumours.
Conclusions
The SUVmax obtained using FDG-PET/CT may be an important indicator for predicting tumour grade in ccRCC and pRCC.
Key Points
•
FDG accumulation reflects tumour aggressiveness and correlates with Fuhrman grade.
•
FDG-PET/CT enables the differentiation of high- and low-grade ccRCC and pRCCs.
•
FDG-PET/CT may valuable in the identification of some high-grade RCCs.
A 92-year-old woman with senile dementia in a nursing home presented to the emergency department with tachypnea following loss of appetite that had lasted for two days. Diabetes mellitus had never ...been diagnosed. Urinalysis revealed ketonuria, and a serum glucose level of 986 mg/dl. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed anion gap metabolic acidosis. The patient was diagnosed as having diabetic ketoacidosis and insulin therapy was initiated, which proved effective. Other laboratory testing revealed a lack of insulin secretion, negative findings for islet-related autoantibodies, and a low hemoglobin A1c level of 6.4 %. These finding fulfill the diagnostic criteria of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. A search of the literature in Japan showed that she was the oldest patient who had developed type 1 diabetes mellitus, including the non-fulminant subtypes. Physicians should remember that elderly patients with dementia, as in our case, might not exhibit the typical diabetic symptoms in the onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells is regulated through the ordered assembly of replication complexes at origins of replication. Association of Cdc45 with the origins is a crucial step ...in assembly of the replication machinery, hence can be considered a target for the regulation of origin activation. To examine the process required for SpCdc45 loading, we isolated fission yeast SpSld3, a counterpart of budding yeast Sld3 that interacts with Cdc45. SpSld3 associates with the replication origin during G1-S phases and this association depends on Dbf4-dependent (DDK) kinase activity. In the corresponding period, SpSld3 interacts with minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins and then with SpCdc45. A temperature-sensitive sld3-10 mutation suppressed by the multicopy of the sna41+ encoding SpCdc45 impairs loading of SpCdc45 onto chromatin. In addition, this mutation leads to dissociation of preloaded Cdc45 from chromatin in the hydroxyurea-arrested S phase, and DNA replication upon removal of hydroxyurea is retarded. Thus, we conclude that SpSld3 is required for stable association of Cdc45 with chromatin both in initiation and elongation of DNA replication. The DDK-dependent origin association suggests that SpSld3 is involved in temporal regulation of origin firing.
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